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Topic Review
Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercise Methodologies for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Due to the multifactorial etiology of scoliosis, a comprehensive treatment plan is essential for conservative management. Physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE) methods have lately gained popularity for the conservative treatment of scoliosis. Inappropriate management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) could result in serious health problems. Conservative interventions that aid in stabilizing spine curvature and improving esthetics are preferred for scoliosis treatment. Bracing has traditionally been the mainstay of treatment, but growing evidence suggests that PSSE physiotherapy allows effective management of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. Currently, there are the following PSSE physiotherapy schools in Europe: Schroth, SEAS, BSPTS, FED, FITS, Lyon, Side Shift, and DoboMed. The methodologies of these schools are similar, in that they focus on applying corrective exercises in three planes, developing stability and balance, breathing exercises, and posture awareness. Although high-quality research supporting the effectiveness of PSSE physiotherapy in the treatment of AIS is lacking, existing evidence indicates that PSSE physiotherapy helps to stabilize spinal deformity and improve patients’ quality of life.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Work-Related Stress during Home-Based Remote Work
Remote work takes place outside a designated work location, such as corporate offices, and is often associated with working from home or working (home-based remote work) at a client’s location. In contrast, telework can be conducted remotely as well, but also focuses on the use of personal electronical devices . Ideally, job demands and job resources behave in a dynamic, balanced manner that lead to or maintain employee health. However, when work demands exceed work resources and work resources are inadequate for work demands, an imbalance occurs that leads to WRS over time.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Guinea Worm Disease
Dracunculiasis, also known as Guinea worm disease (GWD), is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by a parasite (Dracunculus medinensis). In the past, dracunculiasis was known as “the disease of the empty granary” because of the difficulties patients had in going to work in fields or to school when affected by this disease. In tropical areas, the condition has been widespread in economically disadvantaged communities, and has been associated with reduced economic status and low levels of education. By development and optimization of multi-layered control measures, transmission by the vector has been interrupted, but there are foci in several African countries with a high risk of compromising the results obtained in the control of this neglected disease. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Emergency First Responders and Professional Wellbeing
Emergency first responders (EFRs) such as police officers, firefighters, paramedics and logistics personnel often suffer high turnover due to work-related stress, high workloads, fatigue, and declining professional wellbeing. Considering their professional roles, EFRs are often exposed to critical situations which pose a danger to their physical and mental health. As attempts to counter this through resilience programmes tend to have limited success, there is a need for further research into how organisational policies could change to improve EFRs’ professional wellbeing. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microplastic Pollution in Coastal Area of Black Sea
Plastic materials, degraded by physical and chemical processes, become micro- and nanoparticles. Microplastic pollution is a complex problem, as it is widespread and the exact harmful effects of long and short exposure are not known, although it certainly has considerable consequences for biota, the environment, and public health. The Black Sea is becoming a strategic area as a battle front and shipping route. This certainly influences the quality of the marine environment, and its microplastic pollution could degenerate into a much more unpleasant situation. Therefore, it is important to have a picture of this pollution in the Black Sea area to facilitate future efforts to understand the impact of this crisis.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vaccine-Preventable Zoonoses
Given the high number of human diseases of animal origin and the public health’s strong reliance on vaccine programs to improve human health, it is no surprise that a listing of vaccine-preventable zoonotic diseases is extensive. These diseases have been studied for over a century, and the development of vaccines to control them represents remarkable achievements. In the United States, six of the top eight zoonotic diseases identified as those of greatest national concern have either human or animal vaccines, or both. The top eight zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern in the US include zoonotic influenzas, anthrax, salmonellosis, West Nile virus, plague, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), rabies, and Rift Valley fever virus. Of the 30 One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization workshops conducted globally during the period 2014–2021, all five of the most commonly prioritized diseases (rabies, zoonotic influenza, brucellosis, Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers, and anthrax) have either human or animal vaccines, or both. However, in many cases, opportunities to more innovatively and effectively develop and use vaccines to address these and other zoonoses could be improved.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Ergonomics Evaluation Using Motion Capture Technology
Due to the increasingly high proportion of manual activities in production processes, there is a constant risk of musculoskeletal disorders or work-related injuries. The risk of these problems is exacerbated by the trend towards an ageing working population. European legislation is pressing for improved working conditions to eliminate the risks associated with health problems for workers. For this reason, the application of ergonomics in this field is growing. Musculoskeletal disorders, which are most often caused by inappropriate working postures, are a major problem. There are many methods for evaluating working postures. 
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Pharmacological Activity and Toxicity of Bracken Fern
Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) is ubiquitous and acts as a cosmopolitan weed in pastures and similar environments. Despite its historical uses, it presents risks due to toxicity. 
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex multisystem condition with metabolic, endocrine, psychological, fertility and pregnancy-related implications at all stages of life. The majority of women with PCOS manifest multiple metabolic features including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia and hyperandrogenism. PCOS results in an increased risk of developing metabolic disease (type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome), cardiovascular disease, cancer, a wide array of pregnancy complications (deep venous thrombosis, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, macrosomia, growth restriction, miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm labor) and psychological problems (anxiety, depression).
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Wood Dust and Nasopharynx and Sinonasal Cancer
Millions of workers around the world are exposed to wood dust, as a by-product of woodworking. Nasopharynx cancers (NPCs) and sinonasal cancers (SNCs) are two cancers that can be caused by occupational exposure to wood dust, but there is little evidence regarding their burden in Canada. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Lifestyle Changed by COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge for societies around the globe as entire populations have fallen victim to the infectious spread and have taken up social distancing. In many countries, people have had to self-isolate and to be confined to their homes for several weeks to months to prevent the spread of the virus. Social distancing measures have had both negative and positive impacts on various aspects of economies, lifestyles, education, transportation, food supply, health, social life, and mental wellbeing.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Infectious Diseases Associated with Hydrometeorological Hazards in Europe
Hydrometeorological hazards comprise a wide range of events, mainly floods, storms, droughts, and temperature extremes. Floods account for the majority of the related disasters in both developed and developing countries. Flooding alters the natural balance of the environment and frequently establishes a favorable habitat for pathogens and vectors to thrive. Diseases caused by pathogens that require vehicle transmission from host to host (waterborne) or a host/vector as part of their life cycle (vector-borne) are those most likely to be affected by flooding. 
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Housing and the Mental Well-Being of Inuit Adults
Inuit regions in the Canadian Arctic, collectively known as Inuit Nunangat, are experiencing a persistent and growing housing crisis which has been characterized as “one of the most significant public health emergencies in Canada”. National and regional health surveys have reported significant associations between poor housing quality, household overcrowding and mental distress among Inuit.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Functional Foods to Ameliorate Neurogenic Muscle Atrophy
Neurogenic muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs from nerve trauma in association with diseases or during aging, leading to reduced interaction between motoneurons and skeletal fibers. Therapeutic approaches aiming at preserving muscle mass in a scenario of decreased nervous input include physical activity and employment of drugs that slow down the progression of the condition yet provide no concrete resolution. Nutritional support appears as a precious tool, adding to the success of personalized medicine, and could thus play a relevant part in mitigating neurogenic muscle atrophy.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Air Pollution on Children
Air pollution is an unseen threat to children’s health because it may increase the risk of respiratory infection, atopy, and asthma, and also alter gut microbiota compositions. Air pollution may affect children’s health directly through the neurodevelopmental, immune, and cardiometabolic pathways. However, the available evidence is still insufficient to conclude the relationship between air pollution and the gut microbiota. It is important to gather everything in order to understand the current existing evidence, and the gap needed to be filled.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Technology-Based Mental Interventions for Domestic Violence in COVID-19
Domestic violence is a threat to human dignity and public health. Mounting evidence shows that domestic violence erodes personal and public health, spawning issues such as lifelong mental health challenges. To further compound the situation, COVID-19 and societies’ poor response to the pandemic have not only worsened the domestic violence crisis but also disrupted mental health services for domestic violence victims. While technology-based health solutions can overcome physical constraints posed by the pandemic and offer timely support to address domestic violence victims’ mental health issues. 
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Lipoxygenases and Arachidonic Acid in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Glioblastoma multiforme is a brain tumor with a very unfavorable prognosis, where the vast majority of patients do not survive a year after diagnosis. Arachidonic acid ARA C20:4n-6 in humans is not synthesized de novo but from linoleic acid C18:2n-6 in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway. In addition to the cyclooxygenases (COX) pathway, PUFA can be transformed with lipoxygenases (LOX). These enzymes exhibit dioxygenase activity, catalyzing the insertion of a hydroperoxyl group into a PUFA, most commonly ARA 20:4n-6.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Dietary Antioxidants and Lung Cancer in Smokers, Non-Smokers
Smoking is the major cause of cancer mortality, responsible for 64.2% of global lung cancer (LC)-related deaths in 2019. There is clear evidence from longitudinal and/or case–control studies that support the link between current smoking and LC risk. Secondhand smoke (SHS) as well as other environmental and genetic factors are potential risk factors for the development of LC in non-smokers. Approximately 6% of global non-smoker deaths from LC in 2019 are caused by SHS exposure.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Human-Relevant NAMs for Developmental Toxicity Testing
Developmental toxicity testing urgently requires the implementation of human-relevant new approach methodologies (NAMs) that better recapitulate the peculiar nature of human physiology during pregnancy, especially the placenta and the maternal/fetal interface, which represent a key stage for human lifelong health. Fit-for-purpose NAMs for the placental–fetal interface are desirable to improve the biological knowledge of environmental exposure at the molecular level and to reduce the high cost, time and ethical impact of animal studies.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lobomycosis Epidemiology and Management
Lobomycosis is a chronic disease caused by Lacazia loboi, which is endemic to the Amazon rainforest, where it affects forest dwellers in Brazil. There is no disease control program and no official therapeutic protocol. This situation contributes to an unknown disease prevalence and unmet needs of people disabled by this disease who seek access to treatment. An effective therapy for lobomycosis has been found following decades of research led by the State Dermatology Program of Acre in the Amazon rainforest, where the largest number of cases occur. This discovery opened new avenues for future studies.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 May 2022
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