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Topic Review
Applications of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC)
UHPC is a cement based composite used to increase the life of new and existing structures. This new compound can replace concrete in harsh regions. After decades of research and manufacture, a range of commercial UHPC compositions are now accessible internationally to address demand for high-quality construction materials. UHPC provides substantial improvements over regular concrete, however its use is limited by design regulations and high prices. A detailed research of UHPC's durability qualities is needed to guide testing requirements and techniques and expand its practical usage. This study aims to promote UHPC research and applications.  
  • 2.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microbially-Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a sustainable approach to solve various environmental, structural, geotechnical and architectural issues. In the last decade, a ubiquitous microbial metabolism, nitrate reduction (also known as denitrification) got attention in MICP research due to its unique added benefits such as simultaneous corrosion inhibition in concrete and desaturation of porous media. The latter even upgraded MICP into a more advanced concept called microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) which is being investigated for liquefaction mitigation.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloys in Construction
As a promising candidate in the construction industry, iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) has attracted lots of attention in the engineering and metallography communities because of its foreseeable benefits including corrosion resistance, shape recovery capability, excellent plastic deformability, and outstanding fatigue resistance. Pilot applications have proved the feasibility of Fe-SMA as a highly efficient functional material in the construction sector.
  • 2.1K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Improvement in Durability and Service of Asphalt Pavements
Develop a pavement design procedure that allows calibrating the design variables of asphalt pavements using regionalized conditions, to obtain efficient pavement performance for developing countries with limited resources and data.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
The Energy Consumption of Ready-Mixed Concrete Mixing
The production and utilization of concrete and concrete-based products have drastically increased with the surge of construction activities over the last decade, especially in countries such as China and India. Consequently, this has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy used for the production of ready-mixed concrete. One approach to reduce the cost of concrete manufacturing is to reduce the energy required for the manufacturing process. The main hypothesis of this study is that the power required for mixing the concrete can be reduced through the use of mineral admixtures in the mix design.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Geosynthetics in Sustainable Engineering Solutions
Geosynthetics have proven to provide sustainable solutions for geotechnical and geoenvironmental problems when used with natural materials.
  • 2.1K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Environmental Performance of FRP
FRPs (fiber-reinforced polymers) have gained increasing popularity in the last few years due to their durability, high corrosion resistance, light weight and high strength. Life cycle assessment is considered one of the most important methods to investigate the environmental impacts of the FRP. 
  • 2.1K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pathway to Sustainability in Buildings
Traditional energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are finite and face depletion. With the global concern over climate change and the limited nature of traditional energy resources, there is a critical need to transition towards more sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions, especially within the built environment.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Aerobic Granular Sludge–Membrane BioReactor (AGS–MBR)
Membrane-fouling represents a major drawback hampering the wider application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. Fouling can be mitigated by applying aerobic granular sludge technology, a novel kind of biofilm technology characterized by high settleability, strong microbial structure, high resilience to toxic/recalcitrant compounds of industrial wastewater, and the possibility to simultaneously remove organic matter and nutrients. Different schemes can be foreseen for the AGS–MBR process. However, an updated literature review reveals that in the AGS–MBR process, granule breakage represents a critical problem in all configurations, which often causes an increase of pore-blocking.
  • 2.1K
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Safety and Barriers
The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the most dangerous industries due to its unique nature. Safety is a critical issue in developed and developing countries.  Barriers that hinder the implementation of safety in projects and ways to improve safety performance was illustrated in this entry.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Structural Assessment Techniques for In-Service Crossarms
Crossarms are widely used in power distribution and telecommunication sectors to support overhead cables. These structures are horizontally attached to the top of vertically erected utility poles and are essential elements in connecting overhead cables to the poles. Timber is the dominantly used material type for crossarms in the existing distribution networks. Timber is selected for crossarms over the alternative materials (e.g., steel, composites, and concrete) due a number of relative advantages, of which higher strength-to-weight ratio, long service life, excellent insulation properties, economical, and renewable aspects are the main factors.
  • 2.0K
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Vision-Based Defect Inspection for Sewer Pipes
Underground sewerage systems (USSs) are a vital part of public infrastructure that contributes to collecting wastewater or stormwater from various sources and conveying it to storage tanks or sewer treatment facilities. A healthy USS with proper functionality can effectively prevent urban waterlogging and play a positive role in the sustainable development of water resources. Since it was first introduced in the 1960s, computer vision (CV) has become a mature technology that is used to realize promising automation for sewer inspections.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Automated Visual Inspection
This article evaluates the state of the art of deep-learning-based automated visual inspection in manufacturing and maintenance applications and contrasts it to academic research in the field of computer vision. By doing so itidentifies to what extent computer vision innovations are already being used and which potential improvements could be realized by further transferring promising concepts. Existing work is either focused on specific industry sectors or methodologies but not on industrial VI as a whole or is outdated by almost two decades. We surveyed 196 open access publications from 2010 to March 2023 from the fields of manufacturing and maintenance with no restriction regarding industries. Our main findings were: The vast majority of publications utilize supervised learning approaches on relatively small datasets with convolutional neural networks. The timegap between publication of new approaches in deep learning-based computer vision and its first application in industrial visual inspection is approximately three years First vision transformer models emerge in 2022 and seem to outperform established models but their excellent self-supervised learning capabilities are not explored to date
  • 2.0K
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Importance of Digitalization in the Construction Industry
The construction industry is among the least digitized industries, and the lack of innovation in construction project management practices has led to decreases in productivity. The European Directives for Public Procurement are pushing the entire construction supply chain towards more radical digital transformations over the next years, and project managers are left with the difficult task to harness ICT for the involvement and management of project stakeholders. This entry is based on the article "Realizing the Need for Digital Transformation of Stakeholder Management: A Systematic Review in the Construction Industry" recently published in the Sustainability journal. 
  • 2.0K
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Crumb Rubber
The crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tyres could be a viable alternative in achieving green pavements that offer exciting new markets to global investors. Adding CR into flexible pavements enhances their performance and ensures environmental sustainability.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics and Models of Viscoelastic Materials
Viscous and viscoelastic (VE) dampers have been extensively used for the seismic response control in buildings. Such devices are exploited with good results in newly erected structures and also in retrofit projects.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Modelling of Activated Sludge Process
The activated sludge process (ASP) is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment system. A typical model that would simulate the ASP operation will have the following steps: a model objective, data collection, mathematical equations or models for each ASP as mentioned above, model calibration, and model validation. There are three main types of modelling that have been historically used for the ASP: deterministic or mechanistic modelling, stochastic modelling, and hybrid models combining the two approaches.The most efficient models use hybrid models where stochastic modelling is used for the hard-to-define parameters and variables in the treatment process.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Composition of Natural Asphalts
Natural asphalts (NAs) can be an economical and environmental alternative in pavement construction. Most studies have investigated them as binder and asphalt mixture modifiers due to their high compatibility with conventional asphalts. 
  • 2.0K
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Prefabricated Industrial Steel Buildings
Compared to traditional onsite steel construction, prefabricated industrial steel construction (PFISC) saves time, money, and resources. It results in sustainable steel structures that use fewer resources and are better for the environment.
  • 1.9K
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Structural Health Monitoring
Recent advances in sensor technologies and data acquisition systems opened up the era of big data in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Data-driven methods based on statistical pattern recognition provide outstanding opportunities to implement a long-term SHM strategy, by exploiting measured vibration data. However, their main limitation, due to big data or high-dimensional features, is linked to the complex and time-consuming procedures for feature extraction and/or statistical decision-making. To cope with this issue, in this article we propose a strategy based on autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modeling for feature extraction, and on an innovative hybrid divergence-based method for feature classification. Data relevant to a cable-stayed bridge are accounted for to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that the offered hybrid divergence-based method, in conjunction with ARMA modeling, succeeds in detecting damage in cases strongly characterized by big data.
  • 1.9K
  • 08 Feb 2021
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