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Topic Review
Status of Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by an individual’s deficits in social communication and interaction, accompanied by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and a restricted scope of interests. The prevalence of ASD among Chinese children over the past two decades has attracted substantial attention from practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. 
  • 865
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Transition Care in Rheumatology
The transition from pediatric to adult health care is a challenging yet important process in rheumatology as most childhood-onset rheumatic diseases persist into adulthood. Numerous reports on unmet needs as well as evidence of negative impact from poor transition have led to increased efforts to improve transition care, including international guidelines and recommendations. In line with these recommendations, transition programs along with transition readiness assessment tools have been established. This entry focuses on how transition care in rheumatology has developed in recent years and highlights the gaps in current practices.
  • 852
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Clinical Exercise Physiologists
Clinical exercise physiologists (CEPs) specialize in managing long-term, non-communicable health conditions using scientific rehabilitative exercise prescription, which alleviates the burden of these conditions on health care systems. This is evident, particularly in Australia (AUS), where they are registered as health care workers. CEPs have been shown to reduce the physical burden of long-term conditions on populations and the economic load that these place on national health departments.
  • 846
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Meta-Analysis of Flipped Learning Effects in Nursing Education
This is a meta-analysis of the effect of the outcome variables of fragment learning in nursing education, such as clinical strength, critical thinking ability, self dominance and learning satisfaction.
  • 820
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Prioritizing the Patient’s Needs of Missed Nursing Care
Missed nursing care refers to essential nursing activities or tasks that are omitted or not completed as planned during a patient’s care. This omission can result from various factors, such as staffing shortages, time constraints, or communication issues, and it can potentially compromise the quality of patient care and safety. Identifying and addressing missed nursing care is crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes and the well-being of healthcare professionals. 
  • 792
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nursing Interventions Classification and Nurses’ Workloads
The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The evidence found through the use of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) terminology to determine nurses’ workloads is not conclusive. The NIC time averages are an adequate tool for understanding the impact of nurses’ workload on people’s health care. Yet the number of studies needs to be increased to provide more scientific evidence, along with improvements in methodological quality and rigour. Nurses must implement the quantity and quality of the recording in standardised NIC terminology throughout health records and in all clinical settings to advance the study of its relationship to the measurement of nurses’ workload. This could substantially contribute to improvements in staffing and quality of patient care.
  • 789
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Breastfeeding on Food Allergies
Breastfeeding is the preferred method of infant feeding and its establishment is one of the primary goals for the infant. Allergic diseases are common in childhood, with increased morbidity. Food allergies are also associated with a strong negative impact on health-related quality of life and is a major public health problem. In addition, maternal exclusion of common allergens during pregnancy and/or lactation suggests that supplementation with regular cow’s milk formula during the first week of life should be avoided. Breast milk contains many active immune factors, such as cytokines, inflammatory mediators, signaling molecules and soluble receptors, which may also reduce the risk of allergic disease.
  • 787
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring healthcare professionals with SUD
In the past decades, monitoring programs have been developed for healthcare professionals with substance use disorders. We aimed to explore estimates of abstinence and work retention rates after participation in such monitoring programs. 
  • 772
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Individualized Fluid Management
Fluid management is a cornerstone in the treatment of burns and, thus, many different formulas were tested for their ability to match the fluid requirements for an adequate resuscitation.
  • 769
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Physical Therapy intervene Critically-Ill COVID-19
As part of COVID-19 consequences, it has been estimated that 5% of patients affected by this dis-ease will require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and physical therapy techniques have been implemented in patients with other conditions admitted to ICU.
  • 739
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Health Plans for Suicide Prevention in Spain
Suicide is a serious health problem affecting people of all ages and in all countries. Suicide prevention, listed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a global imperative, has grown in importance in recent years to become a priority task in global public health. Suicide death rates are high, with an estimated 800,000 deaths by suicide each year.
  • 682
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
How Paediatric Pain Treatments Work
Clinicians have an increasing number of evidence-based interventions to treat pain in youth. Mediation analysis offers a way of investigating how interventions work, by examining the extent to which an intermediate variable, or mediator, explains the effect of an intervention.
  • 677
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Association between Sleep Quality and Perinatal Depression
Pregnancy is characterized by hormonal and physiological changes; some of these changes cause changes in sleep, presenting excessive sleep in early pregnancy due to the action of progesterone, and difficulty sleeping at the end of pregnancy due to weight gain and frequency of urination. 
  • 673
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Gestational Pesticide Exposure and the Child’s Respiratory System
Concerns have arisen worldwide about the potential adverse effects that could result from early-life exposure to pesticides. Asthma, bronchitis, and persistent cough in children have been linked to gestational exposure to pesticides. The respiratory effects of gestational exposure to pesticides are controversial. The relationship between pesticide exposure in pregnant women and its effect on the respiratory system of their children is summarized herein. 
  • 654
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Care of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
In order to provide the highest quality of care to patients, nurses working at the advanced level are expected to develop knowledge and to initiate services and practices carried out in collaboration with other professionals. In 2018, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) updated its recommendations for the role of the nurse in the management and care of patients with rheumatic conditions. 
  • 614
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Caring for Migrant Populations in Italy
The foreign population living in Italy, on 1 January 2021, was about 5.2 million, plus about 500,000 irregular foreigners, according to the ISMU Foundation. It is a “young” population, with a high rate of unaccompanied foreign minors, and the male: female ratio is about 1:1, with wide differences depending on the citizenship of origin.
  • 588
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Diabetes Mellitus, Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease reaching pandemic levels worldwide. In parallel, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two leading causes of dementia in an increasingly long-living Western society. Numerous epidemiological studies support the role of T2D as a risk factor for the development of dementia. 
  • 523
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Binaural Beat for Anxiety Reduction in Pterygium Surgery
Non-pharmacological nursing-led interventions can reduce perioperative anxiety, including the clinical use of superimposed binaural beats during ophthalmic surgery. This entry aims to bridge mental health strategies and surgical care to enhance patient outcomes and satisfaction.
  • 283
  • 30 Jun 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Transgenerationality in Nursing Care: Implications for Person-Centered Practice and Hospital-to-Home Transitions
Transgenerationality refers to the psychological and behavioral elements transmitted across generations. It is intrinsically linked to unelaborated content—such as trauma, grief, secrets, conflicts, and shame—operating through implicit and partially unconscious pathways that manifest in individual behavior. In the context of nursing, transgenerationality explores how nursing care is influenced by these dynamics and how the concept can be utilized to achieve superior health-related outcomes, such as facilitating more effective healthcare transitions. Specifically, it examines how experiences, vulnerabilities, resilience factors, and health-related patterns transmitted across generations affect overall health. As a humanistic profession rooted in person-centered care, nursing must remain cognizant of the impact of this concept on healthcare. This is particularly relevant in clinical settings where nurses are pivotal practitioners, such as mental health, health literacy, chronic disease management, and healthcare transitions. Healthcare transitions represent critical periods in a person’s life, and nurses are present across all contexts to facilitate these shifts. A primary example is the transition from hospital to home, which illustrates the importance of understanding transgenerationality within the roles of both patients and caregivers. Understanding how this concept impacts healthcare allows for the perception of transition as a holistic process. Awareness of these transgenerational operations leads to more personalized care, fostering healthier and more seamless healthcare transitions. The general purpose of this paper is to define and operationalize the concept of transgenerationality within nursing care, emphasizing its critical role in achieving better health outcomes, particularly during hospital-to-home transitions.
  • 10
  • 06 May 2026
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