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Topic Review

Lymphangiogenesis Induction to Accelerate Wound Healing

As the role of lymphangiogenesis in wound healing becomes more and more evident, the question of its induction in the case of chronic wounds in order to increase healing may also arise. Despite the importance of lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target, there are still few experimental models to trace and study this process in vivo. An example, however, are the different lines of transgenic mice used for the fluorescent visualization of the recently reported lymphatic vessels. All these lines are based on BAC transgenic constructs targeted to the gene to express GFP, mOrange, or Tomato, fluorescent proteins under the transcriptional control of Prox-1, using VEGFR-3 as a lymphatic marker. The application of pharmacological concentrations of purified polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and matrix molecules has resulted in the acceleration of normal repair in a wide variety of skin wound models. It would be interesting to consider the use of drugs that can modulate lymphangiogenesis. At the moment, there are both drugs capable of inhibiting lymphangiogenesis, mainly used for the treatment of neoplasms, and drugs capable of increasing this phenomenon on the market. Below is a short list of these drugs, divided into inhibitors and inducers of lymphangiogenesis. Thus far, different drugs have shown effects.

552
06 Mar 2023

Topic Review

Effects of PACAP on Schwann Cells

Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by acquiring a new phenotype. In particular, some of them localize in the distal stump to form the Bungner band, a regeneration track in the distal site of the injured nerve, whereas others produce cytokines involved in recruitment of macrophages infiltrating into the nerve damaged area for axonal and myelin debris clearance. Several neurotrophic factors, including pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), promote survival and axonal elongation of injured neurons.

548
08 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Imaging Techniques Used in Fish Bioimages

Detecting skeletal or bone-related deformities in model and aquaculture fish is vital for numerous biomedical studies. In biomedical research, model fish with bone-related disorders are potential indicators of various chemically induced toxins in their environment or poor dietary conditions. In aquaculture, skeletal deformities are affecting fish health, and economic losses are incurred by fish farmers.

543
09 Jan 2024

Topic Review

Biomimetic Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Injuries to the peripheral nervous system are a common clinical issue, causing dysfunctions of the motor and sensory systems. Surgical interventions such as nerve autografting are necessary to repair damaged nerves. Even with autografting, i.e., the gold standard, malfunctioning and mismatches between the injured and donor nerves often lead to unwanted failure. Thus, there is an urgent need for a new intervention in clinical practice to achieve full functional recovery. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs), providing physicochemical cues to guide neural regeneration, have great potential for the clinical regeneration of peripheral nerves. Typically, NGCs are tubular structures with various configurations to create a microenvironment that induces the oriented and accelerated growth of axons and promotes neuron cell migration and tissue maturation within the injured tissue. Once the native neural environment is better understood, ideal NGCs should maximally recapitulate those key physiological attributes for better neural regeneration.

538
20 Nov 2023

Topic Review

Precision Vaccinology Approaches for Adjuvanted Vaccines

Infection persists as one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, with particular burden at the extremes of age and in populations who are immunocompromised or suffer chronic co-morbid diseases. By focusing discovery and innovation efforts to better understand the phenotypic and mechanistic differences in the immune systems of diverse vulnerable populations, emerging research in precision vaccine discovery and development has explored how to optimize immunizations across the lifespan.

537
07 Oct 2023

Topic Review

Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy in Urological Malignancies

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) represents a novel diagnostic technique able to provide real-time histological images from non-fixed specimens. As a consequence of its recent developments, FCM is gaining growing popularity in urological practice.

458
17 Jan 2024

Topic Review

Epigenetics of BC and the Role of miR-125

Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and it is characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis, resulting in an equally complex classification of subtypes. MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have an essential role in gene expression and are significantly linked to tumor development and angiogenesis in different types of cancer. miR-125 is a highly conserved family of microRNAs whose members have also been found in nematodes (named lin-4 in 1993, the first miR described ever).

414
28 Feb 2024

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