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Topic Review
Harnessing Trichoderma in Agriculture
Increased agricultural activities driven by rising food demand have led to environmental problems mostly arising from the high levels of external inputs and resources that are required. Additionally, environmental changes, such as global warming, can lead to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which have negative impacts on crop production. Numerous solutions and agricultural strategies have been introduced to overcome these problems. One of the ways to improve plant production as well as to increase resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses is by utilizing beneficial microbes as soil inoculants. A better understanding of the ability of Trichoderma to enhance crop production and the mechanisms that are involved are important for deriving maximum benefits from their exploitation. These versatile fungi hold great promise for the development of viable commercial products that can be used widely in agriculture for increasing crop productivity in a more sustainable way.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Apple Yield and K Use
In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Aegilops tauschii and the Utilization in Wheat
Aegilops tauschii is one of the malignant weeds that affect wheat production and is also the wild species ancestor of the D genome of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD). It contains many disease resistance genes that have been lost in the long-term evolution of wheat and is an important genetic resource for the mining and utilization of wheat disease resistance genes.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice
Rice (Oryza sativa L) is a daily staple food crop for more than half of the global population and improving productivity is an important task to meet future demands of the expanding world population. Application of nitrogen (N) fertilization improved rice growth and productivity in the world, but excess use causes environmental and economic issues. One of the main goals of rice breeding is reducing N fertilization while maintaining productivity. Therefore, enhancing rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture and has become urgently needed. Many studies have been conducted on the main steps in the use of N including uptake and transport, reduction and assimilation, and translocation and remobilization, and on transcription factors regulating N metabolism. Understanding of these complex processes provides a base for the development of novel strategies to improve NUE for rice productivity under varying N conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Apr 2021
Biography
Junming Sun
Dr. Sun obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from China Agriculture University, Beijing, China. Currently, Dr. Sun is a Professor at the Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS. He mainly focuses on seed biochemistry quality analysis and molecular marker assisted selection for soybean breeding on yield, quality, and resistant characters, including protein and oil content, fatty acid
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Bacteriophage-Mediated Control of Phytopathogenic Xanthomonads
Xanthomonads, members of the family Xanthomonadaceae, are economically important plant pathogenic bacteria responsible for infections of over 400 plant species. Bacteriophage-based biopesticides can provide an environmentally friendly, effective solution to control these bacteria. Bacteriophage-based biocontrol has important advantages over chemical pesticides, and treatment with these biopesticides is a minor intervention into the microflora. However, bacteriophages’ agricultural application has limitations rooted in these viruses’ biological properties as active substances. These disadvantageous features, together with the complicated registration process of bacteriophage-based biopesticides, means that there are few products available on the market. 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Spanish Spelt Wheat
Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta Thell.) is an ancient wheat that was widely cultivated in the past. This species derived from a cross between emmer wheat (T. turgidum spp. dicoccum Schrank em. Thell.) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. Its main origin was in the Fertile Crescent (Near East), with a secondary center of origin in Europe due to a second hybridization event between emmer and hexaploid wheat. This species has been neglected in most of Europe; however, the desire for more natural foods has driven a revival in interest. Iberian spelt is classified as a geographical group differing to the rest of European spelt.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Biosynthetic Pathway of VOCs in ‘Nanguo’ Pear
The biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in fruit mostly occurs during the late stage of fruit development. Fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates in fruit serve as precursors of the aroma volatiles that form under the catalysis of various enzymes. The aroma volatiles of fruits are secondary metabolites, and various precursors synthesize aroma volatiles through different pathways. Based on the types of precursors, the metabolic pathways of aroma biosynthesis are divided into the fatty acid metabolic pathway, amino acid metabolic pathway, terpenoid metabolic pathway, and carbohydrate metabolic pathway among others. Volatile compounds (VOCs) may have antibacterial or anticancer activity. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Conservation Agriculture and the System of Rice Intensification
Conservation Agriculture (CA) and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are both agroecologically-oriented production systems that support more productive, sustainable, and resource-conserving farming, with synergies arising from their respective assemblages of reinforcing agronomic methods.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Toxigenic Fusarium Species
Toxigenic Fusarium species are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. They may infect nearly every plant species and comprise about 300 phylospecies. The worldwide most important toxigenic species is F. graminearum producing the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol or nivalenol and the estrogenic zearalenone. Among the economically most important diseases are Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals, Fusarium crown rot of wheat and barley, Gibberella/Fusarium ear and stalk rot of maize. Mycotoxins are harmful to humans and animals and a great worldwide threat. The global economic losses caused by toxigenic Fusarium diseases are immense. They can only be controlled by a combination of measures including agronomic practices and resistant varieties. With genomic techniques new insights into the Fusarium-host pathosystem will be possible. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Microorganisms Improve Barley Salt Tolerance
As the global human population continues to increase, the use of saline–alkali land for food production is an important consideration for food security. In addition to breeding or cultivating salt-tolerant crop varieties, microorganisms are increasingly being evaluated for their ability to improve plant salt tolerance. Barley is one of the most important and salt-tolerant cereal crops and is a model system for investigating the roles of microorganisms in improving plant salt tolerance. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculants are sustainable biological materials that can provide several benefits to plants, especially in disturbed agroecosystems and in the context of phytomanagement interventions.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Fungal Secondary Metabolites and sRNAs
Fungal plant pathogens use proteinaceous effectors as well as newly identified secondary metabolites (SMs) and small non-coding RNA (sRNA) effectors to manipulate the host plant’s defense system via diverse plant cell compartments, distinct organelles, and many host genes. However, most molecular studies of plant–fungal interactions have focused on secreted effector proteins without exploring the possibly equivalent functions performed by fungal (SMs) and sRNAs, which are collectively known as “non-proteinaceous effectors”. Fungal SMs have been shown to be generated throughout the plant colonization process, particularly in the early biotrophic stages of infection. The fungal repertoire of non-proteinaceous effectors has been broadened by the discovery of fungal sRNAs that specifically target plant genes involved in resistance and defense responses. Many RNAs, particularly sRNAs involved in gene silencing, have been shown to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Chilean Coastal/Lowland Quinoa
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse crop that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high nutritional content and ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Genotypes representing the Chilean coastal lowland ecotype are of particular interest due to their insensitivity to photoperiod and their potential to be cultivated at different latitudes.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Biochar on Different Plant Diseases
Soilborne pathogens and pests in agroecosystems are serious problems that limit crop yields. Apart from its direct positive effects on plant growth and promotion, biochar appears to be a new and promising tool for controlling several plant diseases and pests.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Rapeseed
Brassica napus L. provides high-quality edible oil and clean energy for humans. For a long time, rapeseed breeders have tried to breed improved varieties through traditional breeding strategies. However, B. napus is an allotetraploid species containing many repetitive sequences. It is very inefficient to change traits through traditional genetic methods such as hybridization and random mutagenesis due to gene redundancy. Today, the burgeoning CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been applied in polyploid rapeseed for gene function research and targeted genetic improvement because of its unique advantages of high efficiency and simplicity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Foliar Nutrition with Organic Acids
As a result of global warming related to the development of industry and agriculture, the proportion of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased, and temperatures have risen to un-precedented levels. As a result, heat stress, aridity, and salinity in soil has increased, leading to significant research focused on soil deterioration and reduced agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the means to maintain crop productivity. Agricultural research is seeking novel solutions that guarantee stability and increase the production and quality of crops, including innovative models for feeding crops using non-traditional methods, the most important of which is nourishing plants via their leaves to ensure the cessation of their soil consumption. It is considered an integrated pest-control method, and the technique could be included in plant nutrition. Foliar nutrition has been shown to be a perfect substitute for providing secondary nutrients and micronutrients to plants; however, it cannot be substituted for the fertigation or the fertilization of maintain the soil’s macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Role of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Stress Mitigation
Plants, being sessile, have developed complex signaling and response mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stressors.  Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates (JAs), are of particular importance and are involved in diverse signal transduction pathways to regulate various physiological and molecular processes in plants, thus protecting plants from the lethal impacts of abiotic and biotic stressors. Jasmonic acid has emerged as a central player in plant defense against biotic stress and in alleviating multiple abiotic stressors in plants, such as drought, salinity, vernalization, and heavy metal exposure.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Increased Crop Genetic Diversity in the Fields
Crop genetic diversity is the most important factor for a long-term sustainable production system. Breeding and production strategies for developing and growing uniform and homogenous varieties have created many problems. Such populations are static and very sensitive to unpredictable stresses.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
CS-NPs-Based Ionic Gelation Method in Plant
Nanoparticles (NPs), which are commonly based on chitosan (CS), have been applied to many agricultural fields, including nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, and nanoherbicides. The CS-NP or CS-NPs-loaded active ingredients (Cu, saponin, harpin, Zn, hexaconazole, salicylic acid (SA), NPK, thiamine, silicon, and silver (Ag)) are effective in controlling plant diseases and enhancing plant growth, depending on the concentration and application method by direct and indirect mechanisms, and have attracted much attention in the last five years. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Feb 2022
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