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Topic Review
RNA Methylations
RNA methylations, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C), are the most common mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, with m6A being more prevalent in both plants and animals.
  • 497
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Auxin Signaling by Smut Fungi during Plant Colonization
A common feature of many plant-colonizing organisms is the exploitation of plant signaling and developmental pathways to successfully establish and proliferate in their hosts. Auxins are central plant growth hormones, and their signaling is heavily interlinked with plant development and immunity responses. Smuts, as one of the largest groups in basidiomycetes, are biotrophic specialists that successfully manipulate their host plants and cause fascinating phenotypes in so far largely enigmatic ways. 
  • 484
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Allelic Variations within Vrn-Genes at Different Ploidy Levels
Rapid climate changes, with higher warming rates during winter and spring seasons, dramatically affect the vernalization requirements, one of the most critical processes for the induction of wheat reproductive growth, with severe consequences on flowering time, grain filling, and grain yield. Specifically, the Vrn genes play a major role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in wheat. Recent advances in wheat genomics have significantly improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Vrn genes (Vrn-1, Vrn-2, Vrn-3, and Vrn-4), unveiling a diverse array of natural allelic variations.
  • 460
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Omics Technologies in Forest Plants
The ecological and economic values of forest plants have been gradually recognized worldwide. However, the growing global demand for new forest plant varieties with higher wood production capacity and better stress tolerance cannot be satisfied by conventional phenotype-based breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection.
  • 450
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
NPF and NRT2 Potentially Involved in Nodule Functioning
Legumes are commonly used in sustainable agroecosystems because of their ability to tolerate low N fertilizer input due to their capacity to use atmospheric N2 through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The advantage of using legumes in agroecosystems is not limited to protecting soils from pollution caused by chemical fertilizers because once well-established legumes progressively fertilize the soil. Legumes, such as Pea (Pisum sativum), are nowadays introduced in cropping systems to provide ecological services i.e., limiting the usage of N fertilizer and decreasing herbicide input by competing with weeds for soil water, mineral nutrients and light, thus limiting their development. Competitive genotypes to fulfil this role should be selected on the basis of their ability to efficiently colonize the soil with deep-foraging, fast-growing and highly branched root systems. These traits are known to be under the control of rhizosphere factors, among which nitrate as a signal molecule, sensed by various nitrate transporters such as NPF (Nitrate Transporter1/Peptide transporter Family) and NRT2 (Nitrate Transporter 2), plays a major role. Paradoxically, if nitrate is necessary to ensure legumes’ seedling establishment before BNF starts, it is also a negative regulator of nodulation and BNF if it is provided at high concentrations.
  • 447
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Improving Economically Valuable Traits in Crops
The purpose of crop quality improvement is to control and enhance the genetic characteristics of crops through breeding technology to boost the production performance of crops and to improve quality indicators such as palatability and nutrients. The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation of new technologies that make it possible to modify plant genomes by transferring and integrating into the genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well as inducing knockouts of one or more target genes of interest (genomic editing). The development of genome-editing methods is a new milestone in the development of modern breeding methods and certainly relies on the knowledge and technologies developed for transgenesis.
  • 438
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Integrated Approach for Carotenoid Biofortification in Cowpea
Legumes are a source of important secondary metabolites including carotenoids, and they play a significant role in food and diet diversification and ecosystem protection. Carotenoids are the second-most abundant naturally occurring pigments on earth, synthesized by plants, which fulfill important physiological functions. The main carotenoid pigments found in the photosystems of plants include α-Carotene and β-carotene, which are further hydroxylated to produce xanthophylls (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin). The crucial roles of carotenoids and their metabolites in photooxidative protection and photosynthesis, not to mention nutrition, vision, and cellular differentiation, make them an important class of biological pigments. In cowpeas, carotenoids are mainly present in seeds, leaves, and pods, which contribute to the antioxidant properties of this legume. Increasing the content of carotenoids in cowpeas will contribute to food and nutrition security in the tropics. 
  • 421
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Melatonin Application in Forage Grass Abiotic Stresses Tolerance
Climate change related abiotic stress has been potentially impacting the quantity and quality of forage grass. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined to date, plays a crucial role in improving forage grass tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, research on melatonin’s role in forage grass is still developing.
  • 386
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bean fly resistance
Insect pests, particularly bean fly, significantly reduce yields, prompting the need for resistant varieties, but adoption by farmers’ remains limited due to the lack of cultivars that combine resistance and other desirable traits. Currently, no bean fly-resistant varieties are reported in Zimbabwe. While bean fly has been reported in Zimbabwe, farmers’ knowledge of the pest and its management strategies remains poorly understood. The bean fly is among the major insect pests that constrain crop production, leading to yield losses of up to 100%. 
  • 8
  • 24 Feb 2026
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