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Topic Review
Antibiotics in Poultry Production
The utilization of antibiotics in feed has been reevaluated since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. Multiple countries have introduced bans or severe restrictions on the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics. Since the use of antibiotics may have a positive influence on poultry performance, excessive use as growth promoters harms human health. This has therefore warranted the urgent need for alternatives.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Zooceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients Derived from Animals
Many substances derived from animals are used as ingredients in the cosmetic industry and constitute a particular type of product: zooceuticals. The main ingredients used can come from insects, such as snail slime; land animals, such as lanolin; and marine animals, such as marine collagen. Today, they are used less than in the past for hygienic–sanitary, ethical, and ecological reasons. Moreover, some can give rise to irritative or allergic dermatitis. However, they still represent a fraction of the common ingredients in certain types of cosmetic products today.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Metallophthalocyanines
Since the serendipitous discovery of phthalocyanines (Pcs), at the beginning of the 20th century, growing attention has been devoted to the ubiquitous catalytic properties and applications of Pcs and Pcs coordinated with metal ions, Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). In fact, these old synthetic dyes have been very attractive in the view of academic research, but mainly for catalytic industrial purposes as these dyes are easily accessible on a large scale, are robust under harsh reaction conditions, show high activity, and can be recovered and recycled. The success and diversity of MPcs as catalysts over different substrates are mostly attributed to their high structural flexibility in terms of metals and electronic properties of the phthalocyanine ligands.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Screening of Botanicals
Thin-layer chromatography both in its standard (TLC) and high-performance (HPTLC) format is known as a versatile and high-throughput liquid chromatography technique, with a wide range of important applications. These applications can roughly be divided into those in direct service of life sciences (such as botany, phytochemistry and medicine, and handling rather fundamental issues such as contributing to chemotaxonomy of plants, or searching for enzyme inhibitor templates) and the more practical goals.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Boron Used in Lithium Batteries Electrolytes
Boron and boron compounds have been extensively studied together in the history and development of lithium batteries, which are crucial to decarbonization in the automotive industry and beyond. As early as the year 2000, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, also known as LiBOB, was first reported for synthesis and use in electrolytes of LIBs. Because of the merits of being halide-free and more thermally stable than LiPF6, LiBOB has been proven beneficial either as a direct replacement for LiPF6 or as an electrolyte additive (2 wt%) in a nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA)—graphite system.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Coatings Methods for Fruits and Vegetables Preservation
Consuming fresh food is undoubtedly the best way to enjoy various flavors and nutrients, but their preservation helps to enjoy all these even out of season. Bio-coating technologies hold great promise for the future of food preservation, offering a more sustainable and healthy way to keep fruits and vegetables fresh for more extended periods. The choice of a coating method may depend on the type of fresh fruits and vegetables, the coating material, and the desired coating thickness. The application method should be carried out under hygienic conditions to prevent contamination and ensure the effectiveness of the coating. It is also essential to apply the coating evenly and that it adheres properly to the surface of the produce, maximizing its effectiveness. The coating material can be applied in its pure form or mixed with other ingredients such as antioxidants, preservatives, or antimicrobial agents, thus enhancing its effectiveness.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbohydrate-Based Ionic Liquids
Carbohydrate-derived ionic liquids with at least one ionic counterpart derived from carbohydrate precursor have been explored as bio-alternatives to conventional ionic liquids for over a decade. Since their discovery, significant progress has been made regarding synthetic methods, understanding their environmental impact, and developing perspectives on their potential applications. Carbohydrates can be converted into cations or anions for ILs through standard reactions that are already applied widely in carbohydrate chemistry. Most of the research on sugar-based ILs has focused on cation synthesis, though the most promising synthetic route towards ILs (in terms of the number of required synthetic steps) involves transforming carbohydrates into anions such as gluconate, glucuronate, or galacturonate. Moreover, functionalization of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with sugar moieties has also recently been investigated. The most common precursors for carbohydrate-derived ionic liquids include glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, isomannide, isosorbide, ribitol, and mannitol.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Microbially-Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a sustainable approach to solve various environmental, structural, geotechnical and architectural issues. In the last decade, a ubiquitous microbial metabolism, nitrate reduction (also known as denitrification) got attention in MICP research due to its unique added benefits such as simultaneous corrosion inhibition in concrete and desaturation of porous media. The latter even upgraded MICP into a more advanced concept called microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) which is being investigated for liquefaction mitigation.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for Uranium Removal
Groundwater is commonly used as a drinking water resource all over the world. Therefore, groundwater contamination by toxic metals is an important issue of utmost concern for public health, and several technologies are applied for their effective removal, such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane applications like reverse osmosis. Adsorption is acknowledged as a simple, effective and economic technology, which has received increased interest recently, despite certain limitations regarding operational applications. The respective scientific efforts have been specifically focused on the development and implementation of novel nano-structured adsorbent materials, which may offer extensive specific surface areas, much higher than the conventional adsorbents, and hence, are expected to present higher removal efficiencies of pollutants. In this paper, the recent developments of nanomaterial applications for uranium removal from groundwaters are critically reviewed. Particularly, the use of novel composite materials, based mainly on hybrid metallic oxide nanoparticles and on composites based on graphene oxide (GO) (i.e., graphene-based hybrids), showed promising evidences to achieve efficient removal of toxic metals from water sources, even in full scale applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 May 2020
Topic Review
Conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran
Many researchers have extensively explored selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), and some of them were able to achieve high conversion and a high yield of DMF under certain reaction conditions. However, the main challenge is to reduce the operational cost using cost-effective catalysts as an alternative to the expensive noble metals. Overall, the approach of using bifunctional catalysts is an important direction for catalysis in general and particularly for reactions that require significantly different types of elementary steps as part of an overall reaction. For this reason, efforts to use the rational design of interfaces will become important for supplementing the promising initial work in demonstrating bifunctional catalysis for catalytic transformations of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to a potential liquid fuel, 2,5-dimethylfuran. Apart from the different types of metal and support, it was also observed that reaction conditions, namely the type of solvent, H2 donor, reaction temperature, reaction time, and H2. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions (OMSI) can be defined as a phenomenon occurring in a supported metal catalyst that is triggered by oxidative (or non-reductive) conditions with the typical features resembling that of SMSI, including 1) small-molecule of CO or H2 adsorption on metal will be significantly suppressed, 2) the support would encapsulate metal particles, 3) electron transfer from metal to the support, and 4) a reversal of the above phenomena following reduction treatment.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Melissa officinalis
Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant rich in biologically active compounds which is used worldwide for its therapeutic effects. Chemical studies on its composition have shown that it contains mainly flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and essential oil. The main active constituents of Melissa officinalis are volatile compounds (geranial, neral, citronellal and geraniol), triterpenes (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (quercetin, rhamnocitrin, and luteolin). 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Peroxyacetic Acid Pretreatment in Lignocellulose Biorefinery
The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries. Therefore, efficient pretreatment is an essential and prerequisite step for lignocellulose biorefinery. A considerable number of studies have focused on peroxyacetic acid (PAA) pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation and some breakthroughs have been achieved in recent decades. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Coffee-Based Products
Coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide. However, its composition and characteristics are affected by a number of factors, such as geographical and botanical origin, harvesting and roasting conditions, and brewing method used. As coffee consumption rises, the demands on its high quality and authenticity naturally grows as well. Unfortunately, at the same time, various tricks of coffee adulteration occur more frequently, with the intention of quick economic profit. Many analytical methods have already been developed to verify the coffee authenticity, in which the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plays a crucial role, especially thanks to its high selectivity and sensitivity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Encapsulation of Lipid-Soluble Bioactives
Lipid-soluble bioactives, such as vitamins A, E, D and K, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essential oils, are important nutrients in foods. However, their addition in food formulations, is often limited by limited solubility and high tendency for oxidation. Among the different encapsulation technologies, nanoemulsions are one of the most promising for protecting lipid-soluble bioactives.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2020
Topic Review
CuInS-Based Ternary Quantum Dots
The clinical translation of quantum dots (QDs) has gained much importance for the biomedical application. But the most used conventional QDs contains toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and Hg. Hence, there is a need for an alternative material with similar optical properties and low cytotoxicity.  Among these materials, CuInS2 (CIS) QDs has attracted a lot of interest due to its direct bandgap in the infrared region, large optical absorption coefficient and low toxic composition. All these make it a good material for biomedical application. For further research on the material, there is a need for a critical review which summarise the various synthetic strategies, surface modification and Biological evaluation involved with CIS QDs. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Olive Mill Wastewater Remediation
Olive oil production in Mediterranean countries represents a crucial market, especially for Spain, Italy, and Greece. Waste generated from olive oil production processes can be divided into solid waste and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Sulfamethoxazole in Water
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a frequently used antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract, respiratory, and intestinal infections and as a supplement in livestock or fishery farming to boost production.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nitroaromatic Antibiotics
Nitroaromatic antibiotics show activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites, finding use in the treatment of Heliobacter pylori infections, tuberculosis, trichomoniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Molecularly Imprinted (Micro)Solid Phase Extraction
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are versatile materials that mimic natural antigen–antibody mechanisms and allow molecules/analytes recognition [2,3]. MIPs have been used as selective sorbents for (micro)solid extraction (µ-SPE) procedures leading to molecularly imprinted (micro)solid extraction (MIMSPE), which allows advanced miniaturized sample pre-treatments for green procedures in Analytical Chemistry.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2021
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