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Topic Review
Heat Stress on Wheat Grain Yield and Quality
Climate change threatens to impact wheat productivity, quality and global food security. Maintaining crop productivity under abiotic stresses such as high temperature is therefore imperative to managing the nutritional needs of a growing global population.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Types and General Role of Organic Amendments
Salinity and metal stress are significant abiotic factors that negatively influence plant growth and development. These factors lead to diminished agricultural yields on a global scale. Organic amendments have emerged as a potential solution for mitigating the adverse effects of salinity and metal stress on plants. When plants experience these stresses, they produce reactive oxygen species, which can impair protein synthesis and damage cellular membranes. Organic amendments, including biochar, vermicompost, green manure, and farmyard manure, have been shown to facilitate soil nitrogen uptake, an essential component for protein synthesis, and enhance various plant processes such as metabolism, protein accumulation, and antioxidant activities. Researchers have observed that the application of organic amendments improves plant stress tolerance, plant growth, and yield.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Constraints to Cowpea Production
Climate change and variability trends affect crop yields both directly and indirectly. Direct impacts include effects caused by a modification of physical characteristics such as low or high atmospheric temperature, soil fertility level, and water deficiency or erratic rainfall distribution in specific crop production systems. Indirect effects are those that affect production through changes in other species such as pollinators, insect pests, diseases, and weeds. These indirect effects can play a significant role in the production and productivity of cowpea. These limiting factors can broadly be termed abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in climatic variations and ultimately reducing cowpea yield potential and its productivity.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus. Inhalation of A. fumigatus spores can lead to Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) in people with weakened immune systems. The use of triazole antifungals with the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) mode of action to treat IA is being hampered by the spread of DMI-resistant “ARAf” (azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus) genotypes.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation
In the last few years, the world has experienced the impacts of climate change, such as elevated mean annual temperature, extreme weather events, drought, etc. Among living organisms, perennial plant species are the ones mostly exposed to climate change impacts, as they may experience different extreme events within the same year, such as flooding during some periods and drought in summer months, extremely low temperatures in winter but excessively high temperatures in summer, etc. Climate change affects a range of physiological functions of temperate fruit and nut tree species, such as their phenophases, bud dormancy release and vernalization, pollination and fruit set, fruit growth and quality, as well as bud sprouting and growth initiation. Besides these, the impact of climate change on pests, diseases, and weeds may generate significant negative interactions with tree physiology, threatening food production, food safety, and human welfare. In the present manuscript, a general aspect of climate change impacts on fruits’ and nut trees’ physiological functions is described and commented on.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biochar in Soil Systems Regulation
Biochar is a carbon-rich material prepared from the pyrolysis of biomass under various conditions. Recently, biochar drew great attention due to its promising potential in climate change mitigation, soil amendment, and environmental control. Obviously, biochar can be a beneficial soil amendment in several ways including preventing nutrients loss due to leaching, increasing N and P mineralization, and enabling the microbial mediation of N2O and CO2 emissions.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Agro-Industrial Waste Composting Process Enhancement via Microbial Inoculation
Composting is an important technology used to treat and convert organic waste into value-added products. Recently, several studies have been done to investigate the effects of microbial supplementation on the composting of agro-industrial waste. According to these studies, microbial inoculation is considered to be one of the suitable methods for enhancing the biotransformation of organic materials during the composting process.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Biofumigation for Fighting Replant Disease
Replant disease is a soil (micro-) biome-based, harmfully-disturbed physiological and morphological reaction of plants to replanting similar cultures on the same sites by demonstrating growth retardation and leading to economic losses especially in Rosaceae plant production. Commonly, replant disease is overcome by soil fumigation with toxic chemicals. With chemical soil fumigation being restricted in many countries, other strategies are needed. Biofumigation, which is characterized by the incorporation of Brassicaceae plant materials into soil, is a promising method. 
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Organic Amendments and Sustainable Agriculture
The use of organic amendments (OAs) dates back to the origin of agriculture by humans and has been reported to have a positive influence on soil health and plant yield. OAs may originate from suitable naturally occurring plant species, food and agricultural processing industries, disposed waste materials, or crop residues, and biodegradable wastes, such as sludge to improve soil fertility.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Major Vegetation Indices in Precision Agriculture
Vegetation indices have a crucial role in precision agriculture and crop monitoring by providing a straightforward and reliable assessment of the condition and health of crops. Depending on the vegetation index, information on various aspects of plant growth and development can be monitored, such as chlorophyll content, leaf area, canopy structure, and water status. This information can then be used to optimize prescription rates in precision agriculture, such as variable fertilizer application, irrigation, and pesticide application. This is generally performed by identifying intra-field zones that are underperforming or experiencing stress, and target inputs to those areas to improve crop productivity and yield. Vegetation indices also provide a cost-effective and non-destructive way of crop monitoring, ensuring a widely available and environmentally sustainable approach for assessing crop health. The development of remote-sensing sensors for crop monitoring in both broadband and narrowband bands opens immense possibilities for their combination into novel vegetation indices.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Ficus carica Fruits
Ficus caricaL. (fig) is a species of the very large number of the genusFicusbelonging to the Moraceae famil, characterized by milky latex in all parenchymatous tissue, unisexual flowers, anatropous ovules and aggregated drupes or achenes. Figs are infruitescences—the true fruits of the fig are located inside the fig or siconio, which are called achenes.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Plastic Mulch Materials
Mulches can be defined as materials that are applied or grow on the soil surface (the latter are the living mulches), in contrast to soil-incorporated materials. The use of plastic mulch films is widespread in agriculture for specialty cropping systems because of several benefits. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Seed Systems
Seeds are a basic input for all crop production. Good seed is crucial for the global food and nutrition security, for rural development and farmers’ livelihoods and for all green value chains. What “good seed” is depends on individual farmer’s needs. The sustainable availability of seed and seed choice is thus an essential issue for every farmer. Farmers access seeds from multiple sources. Different seed systems have their strengths and vulnerabilities, affecting their resilience.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines in Soybean
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an economically important crop with high protein and oil contents. A range of biotic stresses constantly threaten soybean production and lead to decreases in yield and quality, bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines (Xcg) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting worldwide soybean production.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Remote Sensing Applied on the Agriculture
Agricultural remote sensing technology has made great progress. The availability of sensors capable of detecting electromagnetic energy and/or heat emitted by targets improves the pre-harvest process and therefore becomes an indispensable tool in the post-harvest phase. The use of sensors in the field and post-harvest processes allows for accurate real-time monitoring of operations and grain quality, enabling decision-making supported by computer tools such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence algorithms. This way, grain producers can get ahead, track and reduce losses, and maintain grain quality from field to consumer.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Spring Wheat Genetic Resources in Siberia
Spring wheat is an important crop in Russia, with an annual cropping area of 11–12 Mha. The main spring wheat-production belt stretches from the mid-Volga region across the southern Ural mountains to Western Siberia. This is a short-season crop grown from May to August in an extensive, rainfed cropping system dominated by cereals, and occasionally rotated with oilseed and legume crops. 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Plant Growth Inhibition Induced by Heavy Metals
Heavy metals are included as one of the main abiotic stresses which reduces plant development and productivity all over the world. 
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Netting in Fruit Cultivation
The use of nets is considered an indispensable measure in the cultivation of many fruit species. This is especially true, as modern agriculture is experiencing a need to protect crops from their cultivation environment due to global climate changes and their resulting extreme climatic events. Furthermore, urbanization processes are thrusting agriculture towards less amenable environments, and, on the other hand, there is a need to meet rising market demands for better product quality, reduced chemical applications, food safety, and sustainability of the production processes. The usage of nets in agriculture is not a novelty. The oldest net applications were in fruit cultivation (grapes, peaches, apricots, apples, and cherries) and ornamental plant production (cut flowers).
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Harnessing Trichoderma in Agriculture
Increased agricultural activities driven by rising food demand have led to environmental problems mostly arising from the high levels of external inputs and resources that are required. Additionally, environmental changes, such as global warming, can lead to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which have negative impacts on crop production. Numerous solutions and agricultural strategies have been introduced to overcome these problems. One of the ways to improve plant production as well as to increase resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses is by utilizing beneficial microbes as soil inoculants. A better understanding of the ability of Trichoderma to enhance crop production and the mechanisms that are involved are important for deriving maximum benefits from their exploitation. These versatile fungi hold great promise for the development of viable commercial products that can be used widely in agriculture for increasing crop productivity in a more sustainable way.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Apple Yield and K Use
In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2021
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