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Topic Review
Alfalfa Response to Thrips Infection
Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major insect pest for alfalfa which can result in decreased plant nutrients, low yields, and even plant death. To identify the differentially expressed genes and metabolites in response to thrips in alfalfa, a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics was employed using alfalfa (Caoyuan No. 2) with and without thrips infestation.
  • 526
  • 22 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Indian Gray Mongoose
The Indian Gray Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) is a small carnivorous mammal native to the Indian subcontinent. Known for its sleek gray fur and long, slender body, the Indian Gray Mongoose is highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. As a skilled predator, it preys on a diverse range of small animals, including rodents, snakes, birds, and insects, playing a crucial role in controlling pest populations and maintaining ecosystem balance.
  • 526
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado
Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal rich in natural antioxidants, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and these compounds may protect plants against biotic and abiotic stress. Water stress increases leaf temperature, and reduces crop height, stomatal conductance, plant biomass, and yield. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions.
  • 525
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
The Gut Microbiota of Ruminant Animal
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. 
  • 525
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Dhole
The Dhole (Cuon alpinus), also known as the Asiatic wild dog or Indian wild dog, is a formidable and social canid species native to diverse regions of Asia. Recognized for its cooperative hunting strategies and distinctive appearance, the Dhole plays a vital role in the ecosystems it inhabits, despite facing various conservation challenges.
  • 525
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Milk Somatic Cell Score
Mastitis is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in dairy cattle, negatively affecting animal welfare and milk production. For this reason, contributions to understanding its genomic architecture are of great interest. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with somatic cell score (SCS) and mastitis in cattle.
  • 524
  • 19 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Fermented Corn–Soybean Meal Mixed Feed
Fermented corn-soybean meal mixed feed is a fermented product based on corn, soybean meal and wheat bran.
  • 524
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Pesticides Risks in Africa
On the African continent, ongoing agriculture intensification is accompanied by the increasing use of pesticides, associated with environmental and public health concerns. Agriculture production systems are at the same time under pressure due to climate change, the need to produce about double the amount of food by 2050, and to achieve some of the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
  • 524
  • 16 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Cow Behavioural Activities in Extensive Farms
Animal welfare is becoming an increasingly important requirement in the livestock sector to improve, and therefore raise, the quality and healthiness of food production. By monitoring the behaviour of the animals, such as feeding, rumination, walking, and lying, it is possible to understand their physical and psychological status. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools offer a good solution to assist the farmer in managing the herd, overcoming the limits of human control, and to react early in the case of animal health issues. The entry highlights a key concern that occurs in the design and validation of IoT-based systems created for monitoring grazing cows in extensive agricultural systems, since they have many more, and more complicated, problems than indoor farms. In this context, the most common concerns are related to the battery life of the devices, the sampling frequency to be used for data collection, the need for adequate service connection coverage and transmission range, the computational site, and the performance of the algorithm embedded in IoT-systems in terms of computational cost. 
  • 524
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Speed Breeding for Crop Improvement and Food Security
Amid a rapidly growing global population and increasing threats to crop yields, Speed Breeding (SB) in crop genetics is focused. It traces SB’s development from carbon arc lamp experiments 150 years ago to its modern use with LED technology which significantly accelerates breeding cycles. SB has applications in genetic mapping, genetic modification, and trait stacking, enhancing crop resilience by leveraging allelic diversity. It aligns well with breeding methods like single plant selection and single seed descent. The integration of SB with gene editing, genotyping, and genomic selection holds great promise.
  • 524
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Lion
The lion (Panthera leo) is a majestic carnivorous mammal renowned for its strength, beauty, and social structure. Found primarily in savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands across sub-Saharan Africa and a small population in the Gir Forest of India, lions are iconic symbols of power and pride. With their distinctive golden coats, impressive manes (in males), and formidable hunting prowess, lions hold a prominent place in the collective imagination and ecological balance of their habitats.
  • 524
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Swift Fox
The Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) is a small, elusive canid species native to the grasslands and prairies of North America. Known for its remarkable agility and swift movements, the Swift Fox is aptly named and is one of the fastest running mammals in its habitat. Despite facing historical declines due to habitat loss and persecution, conservation efforts have led to the recovery of Swift Fox populations, highlighting their resilience and importance in North American grassland ecosystems.
  • 524
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Guiding Nutritious Food Choices
For the food system to become more sustainable and nutritious, the environment in which consumers’ choices are shaped and informed has an important influence on their diet. Health-positive policies and regulations can support investment and increased intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains, as well as mandating these foods to form part of institutional feeding programmes such as national school nutrition programs. Efforts to regulate the marketing of commercial products and services can be highly controversial, but they have been shown to be effective in driving food choices.
  • 523
  • 30 Aug 2021
Topic Review
SiRNA and Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death and is the fourth most malignant tumor in men. The epigenetic and genetic alterations appear to be responsible for development of PC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful genetic tool that can bind to its target and reduces expression level of a specific gene. The various critical genes involved in PC progression can be effectively targeted using diverse siRNAs. 
  • 523
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Common Genet
The Common Genet, also known as Genetta genetta, is a small carnivorous mammal native to Europe and parts of North Africa. Recognizable by its slender body, long tail, and distinctive facial markings, the Common Genet is a nocturnal hunter, preying on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. Despite its name, the Common Genet is not closely related to cats but belongs to the family Viverridae, making it a unique and intriguing member of the carnivore community.
  • 523
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Modulation of Rice Leaf Angle
Leaf angle, the inclination between the leaf blade midrib and the stem, is one of the most important canopy parameters in plant architecture that influence light interception, photosynthetic efficiency, and planting density. Thus, ideal plant architecture with an erect leaf angle and optimum leaf orientation allows for more efficient light capture during photosynthesis and better wind circulation under dense planting conditions. Generally, rice leaf angle is determined by the elongation and/or division of lamina joint cells. Newly isolated rice genes (OsBCL1 and OsBCL2) are positive regulators in the elongation of lamina joint cells and their potential for regulating rice leaf angle has been examined in this research.
  • 522
  • 03 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Infrared Thermography: Sick Domestic Animals
Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed.
  • 522
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Questionable Boundaries between Biological Disciplines
Recent and ongoing debates in biology and in the philosophy of biology reveal widespread dissatisfaction with the current definitions or circumscriptions, which are often vague or controversial, of key concepts such as the gene, individual, species, and homology, and even of whole disciplinary fields within the life sciences. To some extent, the long growing awareness of these conceptual issues and the contrasting views defended in their regard can be construed as a symptom of the need to revisit traditional unchallenged partitions between the specialist disciplines within the life sciences. I argue here that the current relationships between anchor disciplines (e.g., developmental biology, evolutionary biology, biology of reproduction) and nomadic concepts wandering between them is worth being explored from a reciprocal perspective, by selecting suitable anchor concepts around which disciplinary fields can flexibly move. Two examples are offered: a generalized anchor concept of generation that may suggests new perspectives on development and reproduction) and a species concept as unit of representation of biological diversity that may lead to a taxonomic pluralism to be managed with suitable adjustments of current nomenclature rules.
  • 522
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota of Oviparous Lizard
Vertebrates maintain complex symbiotic relationships with microbiota living within their gastrointestinal tracts which reflects the ecological and evolutionary relationship between hosts and their gut microbiota. 
  • 520
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System
Increased consumption of vegetables has been recommended worldwide as a part of a healthy diet; therefore, determining gene function among breeding materials is crucial for vegetable improvement to meet the sustainable development of new vegetable varieties. However, genetic transformation is time-consuming and laborious, which limits the exploration of gene function for various vegetable crops. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) can perform large-scale and rapid gene silencing in plants due to a reduction in the experimental period and its independence from the stable genetic transformation, providing an excellent opportunity for functional research. 
  • 520
  • 19 Oct 2023
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