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Topic Review
Conceptualizing Future Generations as Stakeholders
Many investors think in terms of MSV (maximization of the shareholder value) and fail to consider other important stakeholders. Future generations will “inherit” the results of the actions of current generations. Investing money in some lucrative ideas is definitely a very important financial activity, but it must be done responsibly. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) postulated by the UN; the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria; and the Equator Principles are some notions proposed to be considered to make investors’ actions more responsible. Future generations deserve a better, safer, and unwasted place to live in, so it is the right time to start thinking of them as major stakeholders.
  • 2.2K
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Olive Biophenols Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol
Oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) are olive-derived phenols recognised as health-promoting agents with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities, providing a wide range of applications as functional food ingredients. HT is Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), whereas OLE is included in EFSA daily consumptions recommendations, albeit there is no official GRAS status for its pure form. 
  • 2.2K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Industrie 4.0 in China
Industrie 4.0 has stirred turbulences in China since its birth in 2011. The struggles of the Chinese manufacturing enterprises towards realizing and adapting Industrie 4.0 in their production processes have given people many new perceptions. The 3rd Industrial Revolution was the biggest beneficiary of globalization. The first ten years of Industrie 4.0 also benefitted from globalization as its influence got widespread throughout the world. Globalization originated from the need to optimize the allocation of global resources and the formation of industrial value chains under the impetus of the international division of labor. Globalization is facing more and more challenges in the international economic development. 
  • 2.2K
  • 19 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Technology, Policy, and Market Trends of NGV Batteries
In recent years, with the rapid spread of next-generation vehicles (NGVs), China, Japan, and South Korea (CJK) have been leading the development of vehicle batteries. For NGV batteries, higher energy density, higher safety, and longer lifespan are important issues in the future. Along with the construction of recycling and reuse systems, it is expected that the vehicle battery market will further expand in countries around the world in respect to their own characteristics of specific development strategies and policy trends.
  • 2.2K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Comorbid Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and insomnia are the two most common sleep disorders among the general population, and they may often coexist in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms in patients with OSA (40–60%) compared to that observed in the general population has thus led researchers to identify a new disorder named comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA), whose true burden has been so far largely underestimated. The combined treatment of COMISA patients with positive-airway pressure ventilation (PAP) with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) has shown a better patient outcome compared to that obtained with a single treatment. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that an innovative patient-centered approach taking into consideration patient characteristics, treatment preferences and accessibility to treatment is recommended to optimize clinical management of COMISA patients. However, in this complex mosaic, many other sleep disorders may overlap with COMISA, so there is an urgent need for further research to fully understand the impact of these therapies on outcomes for OSA patients with comorbidity. In light of this need, the major sleep disorders comorbid with OSA and the recent advances in the management of these insomniac patients are discussed. 
  • 2.2K
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bacterial Vaccines in Poultry
Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. These vaccines come in different forms including live attenuated, killed, and recombinant vaccines, and they work by stimulating the immune system to produce a specific response to the target bacteria. There are many advantages to using bacterial vaccines in poultry, including reduced use of antibiotics, improved animal welfare, and increased profitability.
  • 2.2K
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Heme Metabolism
Mitochondria are essential organelles of mammalian cells, often emphasized for their function in energy production, iron metabolism and apoptosis as well as heme synthesis. The heme is an iron-loaded porphyrin behaving as a prosthetic group by its interactions with a wide variety of proteins. These complexes are termed hemoproteins and are usually vital to the whole cell comportment, such as the proteins hemoglobin, myoglobin or cytochromes, but also enzymes such as catalase and peroxidases. The building block of porphyrins is the 5-aminolevulinic acid, whose exogenous administration is able to stimulate the entire heme biosynthesis route. In neoplastic cells, this methodology repeatedly demonstrated an accumulation of the ultimate heme precursor, the fluorescent protoporphyrin IX photosensitizer, rather than in healthy tissues.
  • 2.2K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Photocatalyst
Carbon nitride, albeit known for a long time, has been tested as a photocatalyst only since 2009. Extensive searches for reliable visible-light-activated semiconductor photocatalysts revealed the next generation photocatalyst based on a polymeric semiconductor—graphitic carbon nitride.
  • 2.2K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Interplay Between Mathematics and Computer Science
Mathematics and computer science are two closely related fields that share a deep interdependence. The relationship between these two fields has been evolving over the years, and it has resulted in a significant impact on the scientific, technological, and industrial landscape. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between mathematics and computer science, highlighting the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications that underlie this interplay. The diverse areas where this relationship is evident, including cryptography, algorithms, machine learning, data science, numerical analysis, computational geometry, computer vision, cryptocurrency, supercomputers, and virtual machines were described. The open challenges and future directions for research, such as the development of new theoretical foundations, privacy-preserving algorithms, quantum computing, and big data analysis techniques were discussed.
  • 2.2K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Anticancer Properties of Eugenol
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) (Family Myrtaceae) is a highly prized spice that has been historically utilized as a food preservative and for diverse medical uses. It is reckoned amongst the valued sources of phenolics. Among diverse active components, eugenol, the principal active component of S. aromaticum, has optimistic properties comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer actions. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a musky oil that is mainly obtained from clove. It has long been utilized all over the world as a result of its broad properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Anticancer effects of eugenol are accomplished by various mechanisms like inducing cell death, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis on several cancer cell lines. Besides, eugenol might be utilized as an adjunct remedy for patients who are treated with conventional chemotherapy. This combination leads to a boosted effectiveness with decreased toxicity.
  • 2.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Exosome
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles generated inside cells during the maturation of endosomes into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and then released into the extracellular space.
  • 2.2K
  • 02 Sep 2020
Topic Review
LSD/psylocybin/DMT in Depression Treatment
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently, formerly illicit substances came to scientists’ attention, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Some studies suggest that these substances might be effective in depression treatment. 
  • 2.2K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Shugoshin
Shugoshin (meaning “guardian spirit” in Japanese) is a homo-dimeric phospho-protein belonging to the shugoshin protein family. Shugoshin is conserved from single-celled yeast to multicellular mammals including humans. Shugoshin shares several structural features with other members of the shugoshin family, including a basic region at the C-terminus that is essential for centromere binding, chromosome localization, and an N-terminal coiled-coil domain that may regulate its dimerization and interaction with other proteins.
  • 2.2K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
The Genetic Architecture of SLD
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive.
  • 2.2K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Organic-Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 17%
When narrow band gap, non fullerene material Y6 or its derivatives are used as electron acceptors, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) has exceeded 18%. The PCE improvement of OPV is due to strong photon collection and low energy loss in the near-infrared range. At the same time, the ternary strategy is generally considered to be a convenient and effective means to improve the PCE of OPVs.
  • 2.2K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Materials for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) is an attractive approach to convert atmospheric CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels. However, this process is still hindered by sluggish CO2 reaction kinetics and the lack of efficient electrocatalysts. Therefore, new strategies for electrocatalyst design should be developed to solve these problems. Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess great potential in ECR because of their unique electronic and structural properties, excellent electrical conductivity, high atomic utilization and high specific surface area.
  • 2.2K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Plant Disease Detection for Smart-Hydroponics
Recent advances in computing allows researchers to propose the automation of hydroponic systems to boost efficiency and reduce manpower demands, hence increasing agricultural produce and profit. A completely automated hydroponic system should be equipped with tools capable of detecting plant diseases in real-time. Deep-learning-based plant disease detection models leverage computer vision capability and come up with a model that can diagnose plant diseases by scanning plant leaves. The system is capable of diagnosing a given sample by simply taking the leaf image as input and returning the class of the disease that is affecting the plant on screen to ascertain whether the plant is healthy or not, alongside the name of the diseases that are affecting the plant.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithm for Detection of Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the neural, behavioral, and physiological systems of the brain. This disease is also known as tremor. The common symptoms of this disease are a slowness of movement known as ‘bradykinesia’, loss of automatic movements, speech/writing changes, and difficulty with walking at early stages. To solve these issues and to enhance the diagnostic process of PD, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been implemented for the categorization of subjective disease and healthy controls (HC) with comparable medical appearances.
  • 2.2K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Digital Geologic Mapping
Digital geologic mapping is the process by which geological features are observed, analyzed, and recorded in the field and displayed in real-time on a computer or personal digital assistant (PDA). The primary function of this emerging technology is to produce spatially referenced geologic maps that can be utilized and updated while conducting field work.
  • 2.2K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Zeppelin LZ 85
The LZ 85 was a World War I R-Class zeppelin of the German Navy with a total length of 198 metres (649 ft 7 in), allocated the tactical numbering L 45. LZ 85 carried out a total of 27 flights including 3 raids on England and 12 reconnaissance missions. LZ 85(LZ55) was also the numbering of the German zeppelin downed in Thessaloniki on 5th May 1916 by the British Navy HMS Agamemnon.
  • 2.2K
  • 22 Nov 2022
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