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Topic Review
Yeasts on Fermentation Quality and Human Health-Promoting Compounds
Non-Saccharomyces are important during wine fermentation once they influence wine composition. In the early stages of wine fermentation, and with indigenous or commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, non-Saccharomyces can transform grape-must sugars into ethanol, CO2, and other important secondary metabolites. A better understanding of yeast biochemistry will allow the selection of yeast strains that have defined specific influences on fermentation efficiency, wine quality, and the production of human health-promoting compounds. Yeast metabolism produces compounds derived from tryptophan, melatonin, and serotonin found in fermented beverages, such as wine and beer. Melatonin is a neurohormone secreted from the pineal gland and has a wide-ranging regulatory and neuroprotective role, while serotonin, as well as being a precursor of melatonin synthesis, is also a neurotransmitter. 
  • 616
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Natural Antimicrobials in Fruit-Derived Foods
As fruit-derived foods are perishable, their processing plays a crucial role in guaranteeing their safety and extending their shelf life. Fruit preservation techniques are based mainly on the use of heat treatments or synthetic preservatives. The use of natural antimicrobials in the food industry is being proposed as an eco-friendly postharvest technology to preserve fruit-derived foods. 
  • 615
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Plants with Antioxidant Potential from Mayan Region
The screening of rare plants from the Yucatan region and the known native plants in Mexico, that have been successfully introduced worldwide, has been conducted. The preservation of traditional medicinal knowledge in Mayan culture, especially concerning pharmacologically significant plants, can be inferred from the recognition of useful plant species used in previous centuries. Focusing on the antioxidant properties of underutilized and rare plants is especially relevant in the context of Mayan-origin biodiversity. These plants are fundamental to the Mayan diet and traditional medicine and represent an invaluable genetic resource that could be at risk due to climate change and biodiversity loss. Moreover, identifying the specific secondary metabolites associated with the antioxidant potential of these plants could offer new avenues for drug and therapy development. 
  • 615
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Influence of Starch on the Rheological, Textural, and Microstructural Properties of Processed and Analogue Cheeses
Processed cheese (PC) is a widely consumed dairy product and has undergone significant evolution over time, leading to various formulations aimed at enhancing texture and functionality. This review addresses the role of starch addition on PC, focusing on starch interactions with milk proteins and understanding its influence on the rheological properties, microstructure, and overall quality of PC. Our key findings indicate that starch serves as a cost-effective ingredient that can replace or supplement dairy components, improving texture and water-binding capacity while reducing formulation costs. Generally, starches containing a higher amylose content are associated with the increased hardness and decreased meltability of PC. The insights provided in this review underscore the importance of understanding starch–milk component interactions to optimize PC formulations, paving the way for future research and innovation.
  • 610
  • 27 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to modulate the immune system. Research has revealed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in immune regulation by influencing key immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Moreover, ACNs contribute towards maintaining a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus promoting immune health. Beyond their direct effects on immune cells, ACNs significantly impact gut health and the microbiota, essential factors in immune regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that they positively influence the composition of the gut microbiome, enhancing their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, these compounds synergize with other bioactive substances, such as vitamins and minerals, further enhancing their potential as immune-supporting dietary supplements.
  • 607
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
New Foods in Enhancing Energy Security
Increasing energy security is a crucial component of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Three main factors influence energy security: (1) the efficiency of resource use in energy production, (2) the extent of energy losses, and (3) the use of new energy sources. Novel food products can impact these factors. Assuring sustainable growth and development in the long run calls for technical, social, political, economic, ethical, and research integrity solutions to ensure a reliable supply of clean and affordable energy and nutritious food for everyone, which highly impact well-being and health.
  • 607
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Small Peptides in Mycotoxin Detection
Mycotoxins pose significant risks to humans and livestock. In addition, contaminated food- and feedstuffs can only be discarded, leading to increased economic losses and potential ecological pollution. Mycotoxin removal and real-time toxin level monitoring are effective approaches to solve this problem.Small peptides derived from phage display peptide libraries, combinatorial peptide libraries, and rational design approaches can act as coating antigens, competitive antigens, and anti-immune complexes in immunoassays for the detection of mycotoxins. Furthermore, as a potential approach to mycotoxin degradation, small peptides can mimic the natural enzyme catalytic site to construct artificial enzymes containing oxidoreductases, hydrolase, and lyase activities. In summary, with the advantages of mature synthesis protocols, diverse structures, and excellent biocompatibility, also sharing their chemical structure with natural proteins, small peptides are widely used for mycotoxin detection and artificial enzyme construction, which have promising applications in mycotoxin degradation. 
  • 601
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
AI Tools in Food Safety and Quality Analysis
On a global scale, food safety and security aspects entail consideration throughout the farm-to-fork continuum, considering food’s supply chain. Generally, the agrifood system is a multiplex network of interconnected features and processes, with a hard predictive rate, where maintaining the food’s safety is an indispensable element and is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It has led the scientific community to develop advanced applied analytical methods, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques applied for assessing foodborne diseases. 
  • 599
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Implications of Probiotics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of specific proteins in the brain. Manipulating gut microbiota (GM) significantly reduced tau pathology and neurodegeneration in an apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent manner. The resilience of a healthy microbiota protects it from a variety of dysbiosis-related pathologies. Convincing evidence has demonstrated the roles of GM in the pathogenesis of AD, which are partly mediated by modified microglial activity in the brain. Therefore, modulation of GM may be a promising therapeutic option for AD prevention. 
  • 595
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Natural Polyphenols for Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of bacterial infection worldwide. UTIs are gender-specific diseases, with a higher incidence in women. This type of infection could occur in the upper part of the urogenital tract, leading to pyelonephritis and kidney infections, or in the lower part of the urinary tract, leading to less serious pathologies, mainly cystitis and urethritis. The most common etiological agent is uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Conventional therapeutic treatment involves the use of antimicrobial agents, but due to the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), this strategy has partially lost its therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, the search for natural alternatives for UTI treatment represents a current research topic. 
  • 591
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood–brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. 
  • 586
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanoscale Materials for Instrumental Analysis of Mycotoxins
With the continuous development of nanotechnology and materials science, a variety of nanoscale materials have been developed for purifying complex food matrices or providing response signals for accurate and rapid detection of various mycotoxins in foods. Mycotoxins are highly toxic, widely contaminated, and difficult to remove. They can enter and enrich the food chain through foodstuffs and animal-derived products such as meat, milk, and eggs and ultimately penetrate into organisms, causing reproductive abnormalities, immunosuppression, cancer, and other serious diseases, which pose a serious threat to human health.
  • 586
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Essential Oils in the Control of Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, the causative agent of listeriosis. Infections typically occur through consumption of foods, such as meats, fisheries, milk, vegetables, and fruits. Chemical preservatives are used in foods; however, due to their effects on human health, attention is increasingly turning to natural decontamination practices. One option is the application of essential oils (EOs) with antibacterial features, since EOs are considered by many authorities as being safe. 
  • 579
  • 06 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Dietary Acrylamide
In today’s fast-paced world, people increasingly rely on a variety of processed foods due to their busy lifestyles. The enhanced flavors, vibrant colors, and ease of accessibility at reasonable prices have made ready-to-eat foods the easiest and simplest choice to satiate hunger, especially those that undergo thermal processing. However, these foods often contain an unsaturated amide called ‘Acrylamide’, known by its chemical name 2-propenamide, which is a contaminant formed when a carbohydrate- or protein-rich food product is thermally processed at more than 120 °C through methods like frying, baking, or roasting.
  • 576
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bioaccumulation Mechanism of NoVs in Oysters
Noroviruses (NoVs) are major foodborne pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. Oysters are significant carriers of this pathogen, and disease transmission from the consumption of NoVs-infected oysters occurs worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of virus bioaccumulation in food matrices and developing more advanced assays to detect virus concentrations in matrices can provide prerequisites for subsequent efficient virus inactivation, thereby reducing the risk of viral transmission and maintaining food safety.
  • 573
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Chinese Consumers’ Trust in Food Safety Surveillance Sampling
Food supervision sampling has played an important role in improving food safety. However, consumer acceptance of the results of food safety supervision have not kept pace. Communicating actual food safety risks to consumers and improving the public trust in food safety supervision sampling inspection has become an important issue. 
  • 570
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Metabolomics Perspective on Microbiome Research
Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have catalyzed a deeper exploration of the human microbiome and its intricate relationship with metabolic health. Researchers examine the influence of dietary choices on the production of microbial metabolites and provide a comprehensive review of studies investigating the interplay between enterotypes and diet. The goal is to contribute to the refinement of personalized dietary recommendations and provide valuable insights to advance the understanding of metabolic health.
  • 566
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Approach to Determine Agricultural Products' Redox Bioactivity
Food products contain hundreds of chemical constituents in varying concentrations and the comprehensive analysis of their bioactivity can reveal unique distinctive patterns. The screening of the biological properties of a wide variety of both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant substances using a rapid and low-cost methodology is a critical step toward establishing the classification of the endogenous bioactivity of foodstuffs.
  • 564
  • 29 Nov 2023
Topic Review
NIR as Analytical Technique to Improve Sensory Analysis
This research underscores the potential of advanced analytical techniques to improve the precision of sensory evaluations in food quality assessment.
  • 562
  • 14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomic Technologies
Lipids play important biological roles, such as providing essential fatty acids and signaling. The wide variety and structural diversity of lipids, and the limited technical means to study them, have seriously hampered the resolution of the mechanisms of action of lipids. With advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatic technologies, large amounts of lipids have been detected and analyzed quickly using MS-based lipidomic techniques. Milk lipids, as complex structural metabolites, play a crucial role in human health. 
  • 559
  • 07 Jun 2023
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