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Biography
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (5 June 1757 – 5 May 1808) was a French physiologist, freemason[1][2][3] and materialist philosopher.[4] Cabanis was born at Cosnac (Corrèze), the son of Jean Baptiste Cabanis (1723–1786), a lawyer and agronomist. At the age of ten, he attended the college of Brives, where he showed great aptitude for study, but his independence of spirit was so great that h
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  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
Burkard Hillebrands
Dr. Burkard Hillebrands (born 1957) is a German physicist and professor of physics. He is the leader of the magnetism research group in the Department of Physics [1] at the Technische Universität Kaiserslautern. Burkard Hillebrands was born in 1957. He studied physics at the University of Cologne (1977–1982) and was awarded his PhD in 1986 at the University of Cologne under the supervision
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
John Wikswo
John Peter Wikswo, Jr. (born October 6, 1949) is a biological physicist at Vanderbilt University. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States . Wikswo is noted for his work on biomagnetism and cardiac electrophysiology. In the 1970s, Wikswo was a graduate student at Stanford University, where he worked under physicist William M. Fairbank, studying magnetocardiography. In 1977 he bec
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  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
David J. McComas
David John McComas (born May 22, 1958) is an American space plasma physicist, Vice President for Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University. He had been Assistant Vice President for Space Science and Engineering at the Southwest Research Institute, full Adjoint Professor[1] of Physics at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), and
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  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
DNA Data Storage
The demand for data storage is growing at an unprecedented rate, and current methods are not sufficient to accommodate such rapid growth due to their cost, space requirements, and energy consumption. Therefore, there is a need for a new, long-lasting data storage medium with high capacity, high data density, and high durability against extreme conditions. DNA is one of the most promising next-generation data carriers, with a storage density of 10¹⁹ bits of data per cubic centimeter, and its three-dimensional structure makes it about eight orders of magnitude denser than other storage media.
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  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
MRNA Therapies
Currently, mRNA appears as a very promising and innovative therapeutic approach for diseases associated with functional loss of proteins, through the administration of a synthetic mRNA, which promotes the reestablishment of protein levels and restores its function. Moreover, mRNA can create new cellular functions, for example for passive immunization, allowing to stimulate the immune system, through the translation of antigenic mRNA for specific cell recognition (e.g., cancer cells) or antibody production. The fact that a relatively small amount of encoded antigen, from a synthetic mRNA, can be sufficient to obtain robust signs of efficacy, is one of the main advantages of using this biomolecule in immunotherapy. However, the global success of such mRNA-based treatments depends on a high number of these biomolecules and an effective in vivo delivery to target cells involved in a given disease. After proving that in vivo mRNA administration is possible and viable, the concept of using mRNA as a therapeutic basis was readily accepted and used in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, HIV infection, anemia, hemophilia, myocardial infarction, cancer, asthma, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, skeletal degeneration and neurological disorders, such as Friedreich’s ataxia and Alzheimer’s disease.
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  • 04 Jan 2022
Biography
Gerhard Drolshagen
Gerhard Drolshagen (born July, 1953) is a German physicist at the University of Oldenburg, Germany, specializing in space environment and near-Earth objects (NEO). He has been a staff member at the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, The Netherlands (1987–2016) and is known for his work in space environment, near-Earth objects (NEO) an
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  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Elwha Ecosystem Restoration
The Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Project is a 21st-century project of the U.S. National Park Service to remove two dams on the Elwha River on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state, and restore the river to a natural state. It is the largest dam removal project in history and the second largest ecosystem restoration project in the history of the National Park Service, after the Restoration of the Everglades. The controversial project, costing about $351.4 million, has been contested and periodically blocked for decades. It has been supported by a major collaboration among the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, and federal and state agencies. The removal of the first of the two dams, the Elwha Dam, began in September 2011 and was completed ahead of schedule in March 2012. Removal of the second dam, the Glines Canyon Dam, was completed on August 26, 2014.
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  • 12 Oct 2022
Biography
Alfred Hübler
Alfred Wilhelm Hübler (May 16, 1957 – January 27, 2018) was a German-born research physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory as well as a tenured faculty member in the University of Illinois Department of Physics. He was the director of the Center for Complex Systems Research (CCSR) and an external faculty member of the Sa
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  • 25 Nov 2022
Biography
Wallace O. Fenn
Wallace Osgood Fenn[1] (April 27, 1893 – September 20, 1971) was a prominent physiologist, chairman of the department of physiology at the University of Rochester from 1925 to 1959. He also headed the University's Space and Science center from 1964 to 1966. He was also the president of the American Physiological Society, the president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the p
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Hal Anger
Hal Oscar Anger (May 20, 1920 – October 31, 2005)[1] was an United States electrical engineer and biophysicist at Donner Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, known for his invention of the gamma camera.[2] In all, Anger held 15 patents, many of them for work at the Ernest O. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Anger received several awards in recognition of his inventions and their cont
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Abnormal Microenvironment Responsive MRI Nanoprobe
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to diagnose diseases due to its high spatial, temporal and soft tissue resolution. Environment-responsive or smart MRI nanoprobes can specifically target cells based on differences in the cellular environment and improve the contrast between diseased tissues and normal tissues.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 May 2021
Biography
Francisco D'Agostino
Francisco D'Agostino (born February 9, 1946) is an Italian jurist, who specialises in philosophy of law and bioethics. D'Agostino graduated from the University of Rome in 1968 with a degree in jurisprudence[1]. He continued his legal and philosophical studies at the University of Bonn and University of Fribourg[2], before obtaining a doctorate in jurisprudence at the University of Catania[3].
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  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Microscopy Methods for Biofilm Imaging
Several imaging methodologies have been used in biofilm studies, contributing to deepening the knowledge on their structure.
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  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Astrocytes Involvement in AD
Astrocytes, the most numerous glia cells in the brain, have many housekeeping functions, maintain the homeostasis of the CNS and are responsible for neuroprotection and defense. Long regarded as a non-specific, mere consequence of AD pathology, activation of astrocytes is now considered a key factor in both initiation and progression of the disease, and suppression of astrogliosis exacerbates neuropathology. Reactive astrocytes overexpress many cytokines, chemokines, and signaling molecules that activate or damage neighboring cells and their interplay with microglia and neurons can result in virtuous/vicious cycles which differ in different brain regions. Heterogeneity of glia, either between or within a particular brain region, is likely relevant in healthy conditions and disease processes. Understanding the spatial differences and roles of glia will allow assessing how those interactions can influence the state and progression of the disease, and will be critical to identify therapeutic strategies.  
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  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vaginal Aging
The aging of the organism is a complex and multifactorial process. It can be viewed in the context of the whole organism, but also of individual tissues and organs. The problem of vaginal aging and the related genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly reduces the quality of women’s lives. The aging process of the vagina includes estrogen deficiencies, changes in the microbiome, and changes at the genetic level associated with DNA methylation. During the menopause, the number of Lactobacillus colonies decreases, and the number of pathological bacteria colonies increases. The decrease in estrogen levels results in a decrease in vaginal epithelial permeability, perfusion, and elastin levels, resulting in vaginal dryness and atrophy. Changes at the molecular level are the least clear. It can also be assumed that, similarly to the tissues studied so far, there are changes in cytosine methylation and TET (ten-eleven translocation) expression. The interrelationships between DNA methylation, hormonal changes, and the vaginal microbiome have not yet been fully elucidated.
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  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Complement Cascade for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly population. AMD is characterized in its late form by neovascularization (wet type) or geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium cell layer (dry type). Regarding the latter type, there is growing evidence supporting an association between the pathophysiology of dry AMD and key proteins in the complement cascade. The complement cascade works as a central part of the innate immune system by defending against foreign pathogens and modified self-tissues. Through three distinct pathways, a series of plasma and membrane-associated serum proteins are activated upon identification of a foreign entity. Several of these proteins have been implicated in the development and progression of dry AMD. Potential therapeutic targets include C1q, C3, C5, complement factors (B, D, H, I), membrane attack complex, and properdin.
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  • 22 Aug 2022
Biography
William Allen Zajc
William Allen Zajc /ˈzaɪts/ is a U.S. physicist and the I.I. Rabi Professor of Physics at Columbia University in New York, USA, where he has worked since 1987. Born in Barstow, California on November 14, 1953, and raised in Brookfield, Wisconsin, he received his bachelor's degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1975. He went on to the doctoral program in physics at the Univer
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
John Harris
John W. Harris (born March 14, 1950) is an American experimental high energy nuclear physicist and Professor of Physics at Yale University. He was the founding spokesperson for the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. After obtaining a Bachelor of Science, with Distinction, from the University of Washington, John Harris started his career at the Stony Brook University (t
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Heinz Pose
Rudolf Heinz Pose (10 April 1905 – 13 November 1975) was a German nuclear physicist. He did pioneering work which contributed to the understanding nuclear energy levels. He worked on the German nuclear energy project Uranverein. After World War II, the Soviet Union sent him to establish and head Laboratory V in Obninsk. From 1957, he was at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, R
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2022
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