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Topic Review
Use of Propolis in Sustainable Agriculture
Propolis, also known as “bee glue”, is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources. For centuries, propolis has been valued for its medicinal properties, primarily in human health applications.  The effectiveness of propolis in controlling common pests and diseases that affect crops, suppressing postharvest illnesses of fruits and vegetables, stimulating plant defenses and increasing stress resistance, is reviewed herein.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Reproductive Potential in Primula veris L. (Primulaceae)
Primula veris (Primulaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant. P. veris is a Euro-Siberian Temperate element distributed throughout most of temperate Europe and Western Asia. As with most species of the genus Primula, it is entomophilous with a great affinity between its flowers. Insect pollinators belong to Hymenoptera (mainly bumblebees and bees), Lepidoptera and Diptera.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
River Buffalo Meat
Buffaloes are reared for different purposes, primarily for milk and dairy products. Meat is often a secondary product and mainly derives from old animals at the end of their productive or working life. However, in recent years buffalo meat has gained increased popularity due to its nutritional properties. Therefore, a huge economic potential might arise from the development of the meat sector in buffalo breeding. This entry provides an overview of the recent advances in the knowledge on river buffalo meat, with a special focus on quality traits, and offers insights for future research aimed at improving the meat sector in this species. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Fe-S Synthesis in Algae Mitochondria
Iron and sulfur are two essential elements for all organisms. These elements form the Fe-S clusters that are present as cofactors in numerous proteins and protein complexes related to key processes in cells, such as respiration and photosynthesis, and participate in numerous enzymatic reactions.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Targeting p53 in Colorectal Cancer
p53, a critical tumor suppressor, is commonly mutated in neoplasia, including colorectal cancer. To devise anti-cancer strategies targeting p53, it is crucial to understand the myriad cell-specific regulatory mechanisms in the p53 signaling pathway, and how these same regulatory mechanisms may be evaded by p53 mutants.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Steller Sea Lion
The Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) is a charismatic marine mammal found along the coastlines of the North Pacific Ocean. Renowned for its impressive size and distinctive appearance, including thick fur and prominent whiskers, the Steller Sea Lion holds a prominent place in marine ecosystems as a top predator. Despite facing conservation challenges such as habitat degradation and competition with fisheries, these social and intelligent creatures continue to capture the fascination of researchers and wildlife enthusiasts alike.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements
Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is eco-friendly and cost-effective for remediating agricultural contaminated soils, but plants can only take up bioavailable forms of PTEs, thus meaning that bioavailability is the key for the feasibility of this technique. The soil-plant interactions can change the bioavailable forms of PTE in soil, which are in dynamic equilibrium, leading to a continuous re-equilibration process between these forms.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turfgrass and gramineous forage widely grown in temperate regions around the world. However, its perennial nature leads to the inevitable exposure of perennial ryegrass to various environmental stresses on a seasonal basis and from year to year. Like other plants, perennial ryegrass has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to make appropriate adjustments in growth and development in order to adapt to the stress environment at both the physiological and molecular levels. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to abiotic stresses is crucial for obtaining superior stress-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Rendena Cattle
Rendena is a dual-purpose cattle breed indigenous to the North-East of Italy. This breed is included within the “European Federation of Cattle Breeds of the Alpine System” (FERBA), an organization whose main purpose consists in the preservation and promotion of local cattle breeds of the alpine system (http://www.ferba.info, accessed on 20 April 2021).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Plant Tissue Culture of Laelia Species
Laelia orchids are cultivated by their splendid flowers and also widely used in orchid breeding. Plant tissue culture (PTC), defined as the aseptic culture of cells, organs, and their components under controlled in vitro conditions, is a biotechnological tool that has been successfully applied to recovery, conservation and clonal propagation of plants.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Negative Effects of Soil Salinity on Crops
One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in plants. Plants have developed biological and molecular methods to combat salt stress. Salt-signaling mechanisms regulated by phytohormones may provide additional defense in salty conditions. That discovery helped identify the molecular pathways that underlie zinc-oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP)-based salt tolerance in certain plants. It emphasized the need to study processes like transcriptional regulation that govern plants’ many physiological responses to such harsh conditions. ZnO-NPs have shown the capability to reduce salinity stress by working with transcription factors (TFs) like AP2/EREBP, WRKYs, NACs, and bZIPs that are released or triggered to stimulate plant cell osmotic pressure-regulating hormones and chemicals. In addition, ZnO-NPs have been shown to reduce the expression of stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while also affecting transcriptional factors. Those systems helped maintain protein integrity, selective permeability, photosynthesis, and other physiological processes in salt-stressed plants. 
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins
 A family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated proteins (CTRPs) has been found to play a role in the development of CVD. CTRPs, which are comprised of 15 members, CTRP1 to CTRP15, are secreted from different organs/tissues and exhibit diverse functions, have attracted increasing attention because of their roles in maintaining inner homeostasis by regulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune surveillance. 
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Trace Minerals Functions in Ruminant Animals
Trace minerals play an important role in animal health and productivity. They are involved also in many physiological activities, and their deficiency causes a variety of pathological problems and metabolic defects, reducing consequently the animal productivity.
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Management in Sheep
Nutritional management is one of the most important factors to ensure adequate productivity and to prevent wasting in sheep flocks.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Selenium Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition
Selenium still represents a matter of debate in the scientific community. Bionanotechnology has introduced a whole new perspective on selenium use in animal nutrition.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Smart Agriculture Based on Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that is reshaping industries and daily life, leading us towards a connected future that is full of possibilities and innovations. IoT technologies are widely used in the agriculture sector in many developed countries to increase production and meet the demand for food supply in the market. IoT in agriculture can reduce production costs and time by providing precision agriculture.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Assessing Kettle Holes Habitat Connectivity
Kettle holes are hotspots of biodiversity that provide suitable conditions for wildlife species (i.e., amphibians, insects, aquatic plants) and contribute to landscape heterogeneity. They are also considered to function as stepping stone habitats that contribute to habitat connectivity.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Benefits of Insect Pollination in Brassicaceae
Cultivated Brassicaceae attract a wide variety of pollinators. In both self-compatible and self-incompatible crop species, meta-analysis indicates that seed yield (Y), silique set (SQS), number of siliquae/plant (NSQ), and the number of seeds/silique (NSSQ) increase when plants are insect-pollinated compared to when there is no insect pollination. The weight of seeds (WS), however, increased in self-incompatible species but not in self-compatible ones as a result of insect pollination. Overall, the percentage of studies showing a positive effect of insect pollination on yield parameters was higher in self-incompatible than in self-compatible species. It was shown that the ability of self-compatible species to reproduce does not fully compensate for the loss of yield benefits in the absence of insect pollination. 
  • 1.0K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hog Badger
The Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris) is a unique and elusive mammal native to parts of Southeast Asia. Recognized for its robust build, distinctive white stripes on its face, and strong digging claws, the Hog Badger is well-adapted for a fossorial lifestyle, often inhabiting forested and hilly regions. Despite its relative obscurity, this omnivorous species plays a vital ecological role in its ecosystem, contributing to soil aeration and nutrient cycling through its burrowing behavior and diverse diet.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Protein Quality Control System
As a collection of pathways that regulates proteins’ life cycles including their synthesis, folding, assembly, degradation and reversal, the protein quality control system mainly consists of the ERS, ALS and UPS. It plays an important role in maintaining normal cell metabolism and avoiding protein dysfunction, especially in the physiological and pathological processes of AD.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Jan 2022
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