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Topic Review
Janpan's Air Quality during 30Years
The trends and characteristics of air pollutant concentrations, especially PM2.5, ozone, and related substances, over the past 30 years, are analyzed, and the relationships between concentrations and emissions are discussed quantitatively. We found that PM2.5 mass concentrations have decreased, with the largest reduction in elemental carbon (EC) as the PM2.5 component. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) have not changed significantly compared to other components, suggesting that especially VOC emissions as precursors need to be reduced. In addition, the analysis of the differences in PM2.5 concentrations between the ambient and the roadside showed that further research on non-exhaust particles is needed. For NOx and SO2, there is a linear relationship between domestic anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric concentrations, indicating that emission control measures are directly effective in the reduction in concentrations. Also, recent air pollution episodes and the effect of reduced economic activity, as a consequence of COVID-19, on air pollution concentrations are summarized
  • 829
  • 07 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Thermodynamic Properties of a Gas–Liquid–Solid System
Emission reduction in the main greenhouse gas, CO2, can be achieved efficiently via CO2 geological storage and utilization (CCUS) methods such as the CO2 enhanced oil/water/gas recovery technique, which is considered to be an important strategic technology for the low-carbon development of China’s coal-based energy system. During the CCUS, the thermodynamic properties of the CO2–water–rock system, such as the interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability of the caprock, determine the injectability, sealing capacity, and safety of this scheme. Thus, researchers have been conducting laboratory experiments and modeling work on the interfacial tension between CO2 and the water/brine, wettability of caprocks, the solubility of gas–liquid binary systems, and the pH of CO2-saturated brine under reservoir temperature and pressure conditions.
  • 829
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Modelling of Nature-Based Solutions on Surface Water Quality
Global climate change and growing urbanization pose a threat to both natural and urban ecosystems. In these, one of the most impacted elements is water, which is responsible for a large variety of ecosystem services and benefits to society. Mathematical models can be used to simulate the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs), thus helping to quantify their impacts on these issues in a practical and efficient manner.
  • 823
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Disinfection Byproducts
Since 1974, more than 800 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been identified from disinfected drinking water, swimming pool water, wastewaters, etc. Some DBPs are recognized as contaminants of high environmental concern because they may induce many detrimental health (e.g., cancer, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity) and/or ecological (e.g., acute toxicity and development toxicity on alga, crustacean, and fish) effects. However, the information on whether DBPs may elicit potential endocrine-disrupting effects in human and wildlife is scarce.
  • 823
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Seagrass Bed Pollution
Due to climate change and human activities, seagrass is in crisis as the coverage of seagrass declines at an accelerated rate globally. The eutrophication in coastal waters and discharge of pollutants such as sulfide, heavy metals, organic matter and microplastics caused by human activities are important reasons for seagrass loss. In addition, environmental stressors lead to reduced immunity and decreased resistance of seagrass to various pathogens, leading to seagrass wasting diseases. 
  • 823
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Environmental Factors in Water Systems
Microplastics, MPs, in aquatic environments pose serious threats when associated with other pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, PHs. MPs and PHs are considered emerging and ubiquitous contaminants in water bodies, and their interaction has a complex chain effect.
  • 822
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Diesel Engines with Microalgae Oil
Microalgae oil is more or less equally sensitive to key engine parameters, compared with diesel fuel, and can be successfully adopted to the entire families of industrial diesel engines.
  • 820
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Transformation Pathway in a Model Organism
The scientific community has increasingly focused on forming transformation products (TPs) from environmental organic pollutants. However, there is still a lot of discussion over how these TPs are generated and how harmful they are to living terrestrial or aquatic organisms. Potential transformation pathways, TP toxicity, and their mechanisms require more investigation. 
  • 818
  • 22 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Hazardous Wastes
The combination of two sciences, i.e., nanotechnology and biotechnology, is gradually expanding its roots in almost all the sectors involving biology, engineering, cosmetics, remediation, biomedical, agriculture, food and so on. Numerous nanoscale (below 100 nm) materials show remarkable features in contrast to their bulk elements and components. With progressive studies, researchers have developed nano-based composites and materials, and found their effective applicatin in almost every field including waste remediation, solar applications, and nano-sensors.
  • 817
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
R20 Regions of Climate Action
The R20 - Regions of Climate Action is a non-profit environmental organization founded in September 2011, by former Governor of California , Arnold Schwarzenegger, with the support of the United Nations . R20 is a coalition of sub-national governments, private companies, international organizations, NGOs, and academic & financial institutions. Its mission is to accelerate sub-national infrastructure investments in the green economy to meaningfully contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The NGO operates at the sub-national level as R20 believes sub-national governments constitute a powerful force for change and are best positioned to take action & implement green projects. R20's efforts are designed to support sub-national governments around the world to develop and finance low-carbon and climate resilient infrastructure projects in the field of renewable energy, energy efficient lighting and waste optimisation.
  • 814
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Tire Particles in Urban Parks
Tire particles (TPs) are a major source of emission of micro and nanoplastics into the environment. Although most TPs are deposited in soil or freshwater sediments and have been shown to accumulate in organisms, most research has focused on leachate toxicity, neglecting the potential effects of particles and their impact ecotoxicological on the environment.
  • 811
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Symptoms of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Cereal Plants
The contamination of soils by heavy metals poses a substantial environmental quandary with far-reaching repercussions for the growth and development of cereal crops. These crops are indispensable for sustainable food systems as they absorb water and nutrients from the soil, potentially uptaking these toxic metals in the process. This phenomenon, known as bioaccumulation, can lead to elevated levels of heavy metals in edible plant parts, such as grains, thereby endangering consumers when these tainted crops are consumed.
  • 809
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand
Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand is a non-fiction book about climate change denial, coauthored by Haydn Washington and John Cook, with a foreword by Naomi Oreskes. Washington had a background in environmental science prior to authoring the work, and Cook was educated in physics and founded the website Skeptical Science which compiles peer-reviewed evidence of global warming. The book was first published in hardcover and paperback formats in 2011 by Earthscan, a division of Routledge. The book presents an in-depth analysis and refutation of climate change denial, going over several arguments point-by-point and disproving them with peer-reviewed evidence from the scientific consensus for climate change. The authors assert that those denying climate change engage in tactics including cherry picking data purported to support their specific viewpoints, and attacking the integrity of climate scientists. They use social science theory to examine the phenomenon of climate change denial in the wider public, and call this phenomenon a form of pathology. The book traces financial support for climate change denial to the fossil fuel industry, asserting these companies have attempted to influence public opinion on the matter. Washington and Cook write that politicians have a tendency to use weasel words as part of a propaganda tactic through use of spin, as a way to deflect public interest away from climate change and remain passive on the issue. The authors conclude that if the public ceased engaging in denial, the problem of climate change could be realistically addressed. For his research on the book, and efforts in communicating the essence of climate change science to the general public, John Cook won the 2011 Australian Museum Eureka Prize for Advancement of Climate Change Knowledge. Climate Change Denial received a positive reception in reviews from publications including: The Ecologist, ECOS magazine, academic journal Natures Sciences Sociétés, the journal Education published by the New South Wales Teachers Federation,. An article in The New American was critical, describing the labels of "deniers" and "denialists" as cruel and forms of character assassination.
  • 808
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
UASs Application in Viticultural Scenarios
New technologies for management, monitoring, and control of spatio-temporal crop variability in precision viticulture scenarios are numerous. Remote sensing relies on sensors able to provide useful data for the improvement of management efficiency and the optimization of inputs. unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are the newest and most versatile tools, characterized by high precision and accuracy, flexibility, and low operating costs. 
  • 807
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Morphological Effects of Sodium Salinity on Rice
Sodium salinity negatively affects and reduces yields in international agricultural systems. This stress decreases crop growth and development, causing tissue death, flowering abortion, and senescence of the fertilized embryo, and negatively affects enzymatic activity, protein synthesis, among other processes. Rice is a cereal of great international demand for its nutritional properties and its productivity is affected by the presence of salts in agricultural surfaces. The main factors that trigger the decrease in growth under salt stress are adverse changes in morphological structures, which undergo physiological changes due to salinity.
  • 807
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Committee on Climate Change
The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) is an independent non-departmental public body, formed under the Climate Change Act (2008) to advise the United Kingdom and devolved Governments and Parliaments on tackling and preparing for climate change. The Committee provides advice on setting carbon budgets (for the UK Government carbon budgets are designed to place a limit or ceiling on the level of economy-wide emissions that can be emitted in a five-year period), and reports regularly to the Parliaments and Assemblies on the progress made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The CCC has recommended net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom by 2050 and the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) has said it would be affordable. On 27 June 2019 the British Parliament amended the Climate Change Act (2008) to include a commitment to net zero emissions by 2050. However some environmental groups, such as Extinction Rebellion, are calling for a more ambitious target.
  • 801
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Current Trends in the Development of Fungal-Containing Consortia
There is growing interest in the creation of artificial microbial consortia, especially in the field of developing and applying various bioremediation processes. Heavy metals, dyes, synthetic polymers (microplastics), pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical agents are among the pollutants that have been mainly targeted by bioremediation based on various consortia containing fungi and yeasts. Such consortia can be designed both for the treatment of soil and water. 
  • 800
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
MOFs as ODS Catalysts
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel oils is considered one of the most promising non-hydrodesulfurization technologies due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost and easy removal of aromatic sulfur compounds. Based on this reason, the preparation of highly efficient ODS catalysts has been a hot research topic in this field. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received much attention due to advantages such as abundant metal centers, high surface areas and varied pore structures, which are composed of secondary building units (SBUs) connected by organic linkers to form crystalline porous materials. Such materials possess both the rigidity of inorganic materials and the flexibility of organic materials. Moreover, rich metal centers in the structure of MOFs could be catalytic active sites for some chemical reactions.
  • 798
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Advanced Oxidation Technologies
Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on sulfate radical (SO4●−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) has attracted a lot of attention because of its characteristics of rapid reaction, efficient treatment, safety and stability, and easy operation. SO4●− and 1O2 mainly comes from the activation reaction of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or persulfate (PS), which represent the oxidation reactions involving radicals and non-radicals, respectively. The degradation effects of target pollutants will be different due to the type of oxidant, reaction system, activation methods, operating conditions, and other factors.
  • 797
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Affect Our Perception of Sustainability
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 virus 2 (COVID-19) virus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on 9 January 2020, the entire world has been exceptionally interested in examining the impact of this pandemic on people and the environment. The pandemic led to unprecedented measures to halt air traffic and close factories due to lockdowns, economic closures, and the stopping of transportation of all kinds. The decline in the use of coal by power plants, oil refining, and steel manufacturing had a beneficial effect on air pollution and caused a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the concept of sustainability has become more prevalent, reflecting the increasing awareness of the responsibility placed on every member of society. Sustainability is the quality and quantity of change that meets our needs without destroying the giving planet, which is the hope for the survival of future generations. 
  • 797
  • 09 Feb 2023
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