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Topic Review
Uncertainty Modelling for Probabilistic Power System Stability Analysis
The increased penetration of system uncertainties related to renewable energy sources, new types of loads and their fluctuations, and deregulation of the electricity markets necessitates probabilistic power system analysis. The abovementioned factors significantly affect the power system stability, which requires computationally intensive simulation, including frequency, voltage, transient, and small disturbance stability. Altogether 40 uncertainty modelling (UM) techniques are collated with their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and application areas, particularly highlighting their accuracy and efficiency (as both are crucial for power system stability applications). 
  • 863
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors Evaluation for High-Performance Domestic Induction Heating
In the induction heating system, the power transferred to the output depends on the equivalent resistance of the load, and the resistance depends on the operating frequency. Due to the switching characteristics of wide-bandgap power semiconductor devices, an induction heating system can be operated at higher operating frequencies.
  • 862
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Counterfeit Attack Modes in Microelectronics
As the global supply chain grows more intricate and the prevalence of counterfeit components surges, it becomes paramount to verify the authenticity of electrical chips. The infiltration of counterfeit components, potentially finding their way into electronic equipment, raises concerns as workers contend with mounting client demands. Microelectronics are vital to the healthcare and defense industries, making them vulnerable to counterfeit products.
  • 862
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Resilient Power Systems
Resilience, characterized by the ability to withstand, absorb, and quickly recover from natural disasters and human-induced disruptions, has become paramount in ensuring the stability and dependability of critical infrastructure. The linkage between Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and power system resilience is forged through a systematic classification of DRL applications into five pivotal dimensions: dynamic response, recovery and restoration, energy management and control, communications and cybersecurity, and resilience planning and metrics development. This structured categorization facilitates a methodical exploration of how DRL methodologies can effectively tackle critical challenges within the domain of power and energy system resilience. 
  • 858
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Active Distribution Networks with Fault Current Limiters
To cope with the increasing energy demand, power systems, especially distribution networks, face many challenges. These networks have become complex and large, and their stability and reliability are not easy to be handled. The integration of renewable energy resources and at the same time limiting their accompanied high fault currents is one of the approvable suggestions. Many solutions have appeared to restrict the fault currents, but fault current limiters (FCLs) arise as an efficient and promising solution to whether to interrupt or limit the fault currents to allowable limits. 
  • 857
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Networked Microgrid Communications
Networked microgrids (NMGs) are developing as a viable approach for integrating an expanding number of distributed energy resources (DERs) while improving energy system performance. NMGs, as compared to typical power systems, are constructed of many linked microgrids that can function independently or as part of a more extensive network. This allows NMGs to be more flexible, dependable, and efficient. The communication network in NMGs enables seamless coordination and information exchange among interconnected microgrids. Real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of energy generation, storage, and consumption are facilitated through this communication network.
  • 855
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Apollo Energy Systems
Apollo Energy Systems is a U.S. multinational alternative energy corporation headquartered in Pompano Beach, Florida, that develops, produces, and markets fuel cell power plants, electric propulsion systems, and alternative energy generation equipment. The company was founded by Robert R. Aronson in 1966 as the Electric Fuel Propulsion Corporation (EFP) in New Orleans, Louisiana. It later became known as the Electric Auto Corporation (EAC), and in 2001 changed to Apollo Energy Systems.
  • 854
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Grid-Connected Active Power Filter
Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energies are integrated into the grid due to their low global emissions and higher power conversion efficiency techniques. Grid-connected inverters are the core components of distributed generation networks. However, several harmonic current and voltage variations affect the performance of circuits in grid-connected networks. These issues can be easily resolved using passive filters, static vector generators, and dynamic energy filters (APFs). 
  • 854
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
IoT Systems for Real-Time Posture Asymmetry Detection
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of measurement systems dedicated to preventing health issues and monitoring conditions in smart homes and workplaces. IoT systems can support monitoring people doing computer-based work and avoid the insurgence of common musculoskeletal disorders related to the persistence of incorrect sitting postures during work hours. 
  • 854
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Solid-Phase Optical Sensing Techniques for Sensitive Virus Detection
Optical biosensors measure the optical signals as the changes in the optical properties and characteristics on the transducer surface in the case of an interaction of the immobilized biorecognition element with the measured substance. Optical biosensors can use different types of biorecognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, peptides, nucleic acids, peptide nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, or whole cells on the transducer surface, which is designed to bind with the target substance specifically.
  • 851
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Pedestrian Identification and Classification in Autonomous Vehicles
Pedestrian detection is at the core of autonomous road vehicle navigation systems as they allow a vehicle to understand where potential hazards lie in the surrounding area and enable it to act in such a way that avoids traffic-accidents, which may result in individuals being harmed. This paper demonstrates that the use of image augmentation on training data can yield varying results. 
  • 850
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Contributions of LoRa as a Multi-Hop Technology
Linear networks (sometimes called chain-type networks) occur frequently in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, where sensors or actuators are deployed along pipelines, roads, railways, mines, and international borders. LoRa, short for Long Range, is an increasingly important technology for the IoT with great potential for linear networking. Despite its potential, limited research has explored LoRa’s implementation in such networks.
  • 850
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Position Sensorless Techniques for Switched Reluctance Machine Systems
Owing to the added advantages of high stability and low cost, the position sensorless method of SRMs has been extensively studied to advance its use in vehicles and construction machinery.
  • 848
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Conspectus of Photovoltaic Systems
A photovoltaic (PV) system is composed of a PV panel, controller and boost converter. The PV panel is a power-generating device. A controller is an electronic device that controls the circulating circuits in a PV system to collect as much PV output as possible from the solar panel. The boost converter is an intermediate device that regulates the PV output based on the duty cycle provided by the controller.
  • 845
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
New Power System Stability
Power system instability causes many local or large-scale power outage accidents. To maintain sustainable development, a new power system construction aimed at maximizing new energy consumption is being put on the agenda.
  • 844
  • 04 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Smart Grid Security
In Internet of Things-based smart grids, smart meters record and report a massive number of power consumption data at certain intervals to the data center of the utility for load monitoring and energy management. Energy theft is a big problem for smart meters and causes non-technical losses.
  • 842
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
HVAC Data-Driven Maintenance
Buildings’ heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for significant global energy use. Proper maintenance can minimize their environmental footprint and enhance the quality of the indoor environment. The adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors integrated into HVAC systems has paved the way for data-driven predictive maintenance (PdM) grounded in real-time operational metrics.
  • 841
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Power Systems’ Resilience
The article makes an in-depth examination of the previous literature on power systems resilience. Power systems are constructed to withstand stochastic element outage under the N-1 security theory. However, several natural disasters have caused extraordinary challenges to power systems due to climate change, emphasising the position that power systems are unprepared for extreme events of large scale and severity level.
  • 840
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Maximum Power Point Techniques for Solar Photovoltaic System
In the recent past, the solar photovoltaic (PV) system has emerged as the most promising source of alternative energy. This solar PV system suffers from an unavoidable phenomenon due to the fluctuating environmental conditions. It has nonlinearity in I-V curves, which reduces the output efficiency. Hence, the optimum maximum power point (MPP) extraction of the PV system is difficult to achieve. Therefore, for maximizing the power output of PV systems, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mechanism, which is a control algorithm that can constantly track the MPP during operation, is required. However, choosing a suitable MPPT technique might be confusing because each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Hence, a proper review of these methods is essential. In this research, various MPPT techniques based on their classifications, such as offline, online, and hybrid techniques under uniform and nonuniform irradiances, are presented. In comparison to offline and online MPPT methods, intelligent MPPT techniques have better tracking accuracy and tracking efficiency with less steady state oscillations. Unlike online and offline techniques, intelligent methods track the global MPP under partial shade conditions. 
  • 839
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Protection of Multi-Terminal HVDC Grids
Multi-terminal HVDC grids facilitate the integration of various renewable resources from distant locations; in addition, they enhance the reliability and stability of the grid. Protection is one of the major obstacles in realizing reliable and secure multi-terminal HVDC grids.
  • 838
  • 04 Jan 2023
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