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Topic Review
Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments
The ecological and children’s HRA were assessed in all CCDITS (Cited Cu Data in The Sediments). Generally, local point Cu sources (8%) and lithogenic sources were the main controlling factors of Cu concentrations. 
  • 484
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Hazardous Wastes
The combination of two sciences, i.e., nanotechnology and biotechnology, is gradually expanding its roots in almost all the sectors involving biology, engineering, cosmetics, remediation, biomedical, agriculture, food and so on. Numerous nanoscale (below 100 nm) materials show remarkable features in contrast to their bulk elements and components. With progressive studies, researchers have developed nano-based composites and materials, and found their effective applicatin in almost every field including waste remediation, solar applications, and nano-sensors.
  • 484
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Membrane-Based Technologies for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture
Carbon dioxide (CO2), which results from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes, accounts for a substantial part of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). As a result, several carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies have been developed during the last decade. Chemical absorption, adsorption, cryogenic separation and membrane separation are the most widely used post-combustion CO2 capture technologies. 
  • 483
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Selection of Mercury-Resistant PGPR Strains
Mercury (Hg) is an element with a high level of toxicity that poses a serious environmental threat. It is possible for Hg to enter the food chain and consequently affect human health, even at very low concentrations.
  • 482
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Surface Water under Growing Anthropogenic Loads
The increase in the fluxes of elements and compounds into the environment, such as the emission of greenhouse gases and dispersion of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), acidifying gases, and toxic elements and compounds that adversely affect water quality, are considered. 
  • 481
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Landscape and Climate Changes in Southeastern Amazonia
The upland lakes (ULs) in Carajás, southeastern Amazonia, have been extensively studied with respect to their high-resolution structural geology, geomorphology, stratigraphy, multielement and isotope geochemistry, palynology and limnology.
  • 480
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Landscape Changes in Protected Areas in Poland
Land-Use Cover Changes (LUCCs) are one of the main problems for the preservation of landscapes and natural biodiversity. Protected Areas (PAs) do not escape this threat. Poland is among the European leaders in terms of the variety of landscapes and the share of an area designated as a protected area. However, as many as 78% of the habitats have poor or bad conservation status based on EEA reports. The changes in PAs were usually smaller than in the surrounding buffer zones, which may indicate their effectiveness. The scale of land-cover flows (LCFs) changed within particular forms of protected areas, though afforestation and deforestation predominating in all area types. National reserves and parks were the most stable in terms of land cover structures. However, human settlements increased around the protected areas, potentially increasing threats to their ecological integrity.
  • 478
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Microplastics in Coastal Agglomerations
Microplastics are ubiquitously in various environments from the equator to the poles. Coastal agglomerations act as both a source and sink connecting the global microplastic cycles of oceans and continents. While the problem of microplastics is particularly severe and complex in the coastal zones, where both inland and marine pollution are concentrated, the present research aimed to provide hot topics and trend of coastal urban microplastic studies and to review the researches on microplastic pollution in the atmosphere and water bodies in coastal agglomerations in terms of characteristics, behavior and health threat of microplastics. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the annual output of microplastic research. Research hot topics and clusters were analyzed using the VOSviewer. Characteristics of microplastics varied in abundance, size and polymer type in different environments and countries. Furthermore, coastal cities are taken as a system to sort out the input, output, and internal transmission pathways of microplastics. The health threat of microplastics to urban residents was briefly reviewed and the exposure and health risks of microplastics to infants and young children were of particular concern. Detailed and comprehensive studies on intervention and reduction in the transmission of microplastics between the atmosphere and water bodies, whether microplastics are harmful to infants and young children, and measures to reduce the risk of microplastic exposure are needed.
  • 477
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Decision Support Systems in Forestry and Tree-Planting Practices
Using deep neural networks (DNNs), a decision support system (DSS) can be trained to learn from a large dataset of tree data, including information about tree species, climate, soil conditions, and other factors that influence tree growth and survival. This is because the use of neural networks was proposed three decades ago to solve forest management problems by integrating forest knowledge with artificial intelligence (AI). AI greatly benefits sustainability and the preservation of ecosystem values, as increasing disruptions in a changing world can only be managed beyond human intelligence. Furthermore, despite the various DSSs and AI systems used, the appointment of appropriate project managers is crucial to the execution and subsequent success of a project.
  • 476
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Vermicomposting of Silver Wattle
Vermicomposting is the process of organic waste degradation through interactions between earthworms and microbes. A variety of organic wastes can be vermicomposted, producing a nutrient-rich final product that can be used as a soil biofertilizer. Giving the prolific invasive nature of the Australian silver wattle Acacia dealbata Link in Europe, it is important to find alternatives for its sustainable use. However, optimization of vermicomposting needs further comprehension of the fundamental microbial processes.
  • 475
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Sustainability in China
Countries encounter conflicting policy options in reaching fast development goals due to high resource use, rapid economic expansion, and environmental degradation.  The QQ regression outcomes showed that for all tails of a combination of GDP and CO2, the influence of GDP was positive. Furthermore, urbanization impacted CO2 emissions positively in the combination of quantiles of urbanization and CO2. Moreover, the effect of globalization on CO2 emissions was significant and positive for the majority of the tails. Lastly, in a majority of the quantiles, the effect of hydroelectricity consumption on CO2 emissions was negative.
  • 473
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Groundwater Numerical Models
Physically-based models are the most commonly used tools in quantitative groundwater flow and solute transport analysis and management. Traditionally, the conceptual or numerical models are applied to hydrological modelling in order to understand the physical processes characterising a particular system, or to develop predictive tools for detecting proper solutions to water distribution, landscape management, surface water–groundwater interaction, or impact of new groundwater withdrawals.  The need to address groundwater problems through alternative, relatively simpler modelling techniques pushed authors in different parts of the world to explore machine learning models.
  • 471
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
MOFs as ODS Catalysts
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel oils is considered one of the most promising non-hydrodesulfurization technologies due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost and easy removal of aromatic sulfur compounds. Based on this reason, the preparation of highly efficient ODS catalysts has been a hot research topic in this field. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received much attention due to advantages such as abundant metal centers, high surface areas and varied pore structures, which are composed of secondary building units (SBUs) connected by organic linkers to form crystalline porous materials. Such materials possess both the rigidity of inorganic materials and the flexibility of organic materials. Moreover, rich metal centers in the structure of MOFs could be catalytic active sites for some chemical reactions.
  • 470
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Emerging Residual Chlorine Quenchers
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are the most common organic contaminants in tap water and are of wide concern because of their highly developmental toxic, cytotoxic, and carcinogenic properties. Researchers have attempted to find emerging chlorine quenchers. For inorganic DBPs (bromate, chlorate, and chlorite), sodium sulfite has been proven to be the ideal chlorine quencher. For organic DBPs, although ascorbic acid caused the degradation of some DBPs, it remains the ideal quenching agent for most known DBPs. Among the studied emerging chlorine quenchers, n-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene are promising for their application as the ideal chlorine quencher of organic DBPs. 
  • 470
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions
The issue of environmental degradation has emerged as a pervasive global concern. Consequently, authors have expanded their investigations into environmental studies to mitigate the adverse repercussions and safeguard the integrity of the planet’s ecosystem. In the context of national priorities, the fundamental goal of any nation is to enhance its economic progress (GDP) rate to foster social welfare. In this scenario, the occurrence of swift GDP can lead to the reduction of resources and the exacerbation of the environment. Sustainable GDP in developing nations improves society. Trade, development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and natural resource (NAT) development have been used to achieve this goal. Production increases energy use and CO2 emissions (CO2em). GDP must not harm future generations.
  • 468
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Radio Atmospheric
A radio atmospheric signal or sferic (sometimes also spelled "spheric") is a broadband electromagnetic impulse that occurs as a result of natural atmospheric lightning discharges. Sferics may propagate from their lightning source without major attenuation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide, and can be received thousands of kilometres from their source. On a time-domain plot, a sferic may appear as a single high-amplitude spike in the time-domain data. On a spectrogram, a sferic appears as a vertical stripe (reflecting its broadband and impulsive nature) that may extend from a few kHz to several tens of kHz, depending on atmospheric conditions. Sferics received from about 2,000 kilometres' distance or greater have their frequencies slightly offset in time, producing tweeks. When the electromagnetic energy from a sferic escapes the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and enters the magnetosphere, it becomes dispersed by the near-Earth plasma, forming a whistler signal. Because the source of the whistler is an impulse (i.e., the sferic), a whistler may be interpreted as the impulse response of the magnetosphere (for the conditions at that particular instant).
  • 467
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Surface Seeding of Wheat
The surface seeding (SS) method was introduced to manage agro-ecosystems for sustaining productivity and increasing farmers’ profits, while sustaining the natural resources.
  • 466
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanofiltration Membranes Characteristics
The presence of heavy metal ions in polluted wastewater represents a serious threat to human health, making proper disposal extremely important. The utilization of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has emerged as one of the most effective methods of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater due to their efficient operation, adaptable design, and affordability. NF membranes created from advanced materials are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to depollute wastewater in a variety of circumstances.
  • 464
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Relevance of Perception in Landscape Framework
The relationship with bicycle infrastructure is lacking in current empirical research on user perceptions, which, on the contrary, studies emphasize aesthetic quality or visual surveys.  As the cycling infrastructure is a key area for commuting, shopping, entertainment, and recreation in urban communities, a thorough understanding of users’ perceptions of the environment is needed. Landscape and bicycle infrastructure cause a different perception as psychological factors interact based on the function of use. Bicycle spaces are small, enclosed, and lack contact with nature because they are often designed with inappropriate criteria. The bicycle infrastructure is seen in full harmony and potential with the landscape if there is contact with nature. These physical elements affect the sorts of landscape- or user-oriented policies and procedures that attempt to increase user satisfaction levels for the former and landscape promotion for the latter, in addition to cultural and psychological considerations.
  • 463
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogels Used in Microbial Electrochemical Technologies
Hydrogel materials have been used extensively in microbial electrochemical technology (MET) and sensor development due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity. With an increasing demand for sensors across different sectors, it is crucial to understand the current state within the sectors of hydrogel METs and sensors. 
  • 463
  • 19 Jan 2023
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