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Topic Review
Photoactive Heterostructures
In this study we consider the results on the development and exploration of heterostructured photoactive materials with major attention focused on what are the better ways to form this type of materials and how to explore them correctly. Regardless of what type of heterostructure, metal–semiconductor or semiconductor–semiconductor, is formed, its functionality strongly depends on the quality of heterojunction. In turn, it depends on the selection of the heterostructure components (their chemical and physical properties) and on the proper choice of the synthesis method. Several examples of the different approaches such as in situ and ex situ, bottom-up and top-down, are reviewed. At the same time, even if the synthesis of heterostructured photoactive materials seems to be successful, strong experimental physical evidence demonstrating true heterojunction formation are required. A possibility for obtaining such evidence using different physical techniques is discussed.
  • 950
  • 24 Mar 2021
Biography
Maxwell K. Goldstein
Maxwell K. Goldstein (January 15, 1908 – February 18, 1980) was a first generation Jewish-American scientist and engineer who was instrumental in the development and deployment of high-frequency direction finding by the United States Navy during the Second World War. High-frequency direction finding (known as huff-duff or HF/DF) played a significant role in the Allies efforts to counter the th
  • 950
  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of AMD Athlon XP Microprocessors
The Athlon XP microprocessor from AMD is a seventh-generation 32-bit CPU targeted at the consumer market.
  • 949
  • 10 Oct 2022
Biography
Robert W. Farquhar
Robert Willard Farquhar (September 12, 1932 – October 18, 2015) was an American mission design specialist who worked for NASA. He designed halo orbits and was involved in a number of spaceflight missions. Robert Farquhar was born Robert Greener on September 12, 1932 in Chicago , Illinois. His father left when he was six weeks old and his mother remarried when he was thirteen years old, marr
  • 948
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Current Sensing Techniques
In electrical engineering, current sensing is any one of several techniques used to measure electric current. The measurement of current ranges from picoamps to tens of thousands of amperes. The selection of a current sensing method depends on requirements such as magnitude, accuracy, bandwidth, robustness, cost, isolation or size. The current value may be directly displayed by an instrument, or converted to digital form for use by a monitoring or control system. Current sensing techniques include shunt resistor, current transformers and Rogowski coils, magnetic-field based transducers and others.
  • 948
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
KhalifaSat
KhalifaSat is a remote sensing Earth observation satellite which was manufactured starting in South Korea but eventually moved to the United Arab Emirates in the last stages of production. Satrec Initiative have previously built both two satellites for the UAE in the past: DubaiSat-1 and DubaiSat-2. It launched into orbit on 30 October 2018 from Japan's Tanegashima Space Center using the Korean Satrec SI-300 bus. The Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre is a Dubai government based space centre working on the National Space programme. MBRSC already has two Earth observation satellites in orbit, DubaiSat-1 and DubaiSat-2, which were built in partnership with Satrec Initiative, a South Korean satellite manufacturer. The project was officially announced by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Ruler of Dubai, in December 2013. The manufacture of KhalifaSat began in South Korea at Satrec Initiative's facilities. A team of Emirati engineers used the facilities there while the Advanced Technology Laboratories under the supervision of Korean Satrec scientists. In early 2015, the project was moved to MBRSC for the finishing touches.
  • 946
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Level of Service
Level of service (LOS) is a qualitative measure used to relate the quality of motor vehicle traffic service. LOS is used to analyze roadways and intersections by categorizing traffic flow and assigning quality levels of traffic based on performance measure like vehicle speed, density, congestion, etc.
  • 945
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Internet Kill Switch
An Internet kill switch is a countermeasure concept of activating a single shut off mechanism for all Internet traffic. The concept behind having a kill switch is based on creating a single point of control (i.e. a switch) for a single authority to control or shut down the Internet in order to protect it or its users. In the United States, groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union have criticized proposals for implementing the idea so far.
  • 943
  • 23 Nov 2022
Biography
Robert S. Williamson
Robert Stockton Williamson (January 21, 1825 – November 10, 1882) was an American soldier and engineer, noted for conducting surveys for the transcontinental railroad in California and Oregon. Inducted into the Army Corps of Engineers in 1861, he had a distinguished record serving in the American Civil War, winning two brevet promotions. When the US Army Corps of Engineers established its San
  • 942
  • 10 Nov 2022
Biography
James Foulis
James Foulis (22 August 1871 – 3 March 1928) was a Scottish-American professional golfer who won the second U.S. Open in 1896.[1] He also finished tied for third in the inaugural 1895 U.S. Open held at Newport Golf Club in Newport, Rhode Island.[2] Foulis was born at the "Home of Golf", St Andrews in Scotland, on 22 August 1871.[3] His father was foreman at Old Tom Morris's golf shop and cl
  • 942
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Sergey Oulianine
Sergey Alekseevich Oulianine (Russian: Серге́й Алексе́евич Улья́нин, (25 September [O.S. 13 September] 1871, Moscow — 13 October 1921, London) was a Russia aircraft designer and military pilot, a pioneer of military use of aerial photography, commander of Russian Air Force in 1917-1918. Born into a family of gentry of the Moscow Governorate. The other spelling of t
  • 941
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
MXene Based Nanocomposites for Recent Solar Energy Technologies
The MXene family of materials among 2D nanomaterials has shown considerable promise in enhancing solar cell performance because of their remarkable surface-enhanced characteristics. Firstly, there are a variety of approaches to making MXene-reinforced composites, from solution mixing to powder metallurgy. In addition, their outstanding features, including high electrical conductivity, Young’s modulus, and distinctive shape, make them very advantageous for composite synthesis. In contrast, its excellent chemical stability, electronic conductivity, tunable band gaps, and ion intercalation make it a promising contender for various applications. Photovoltaic devices, which turn sunlight into electricity, are an exciting new area of research for sustainable power. 
  • 938
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Smart City Transformation
Cities worldwide are experiencing rapid urbanization and an increasing population, creating a pressing need for smart infrastructure to enhance citizen services. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces similar technological and socio-economic challenges, making it crucial to transform it into a sustainable smart city.
  • 937
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Behavior of Nuclear Fuel During a Reactor Accident
This page describes how uranium dioxide nuclear fuel behaves during both normal nuclear reactor operation and under reactor accident conditions, such as overheating. Work in this area is often very expensive to conduct, and so has often been performed on a collaborative basis between groups of countries, usually under the aegis of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI).
  • 935
  • 19 Oct 2022
Biography
Edward Magruder Tutwiler
Edward Magruder Tutwiler (October 13, 1846 – April 19, 1925) was an American industrialist and civil engineer who was a leading businessman in Birmingham, Alabama.[1] Tutwiler was born on October 13, 1846 in Palmyra, Virginia to Thomas H. Tutwiler and Harriet (Strange) Tutwiler.[2][3] His father was a lawyer and served as commonwealth attorney and as a member of the Virginia Legislature for
  • 934
  • 18 Nov 2022
Biography
David R. Bennion
David Ralph Bennion was a leading California winemaker who was the founder and winemaker at Ridge Vineyards in California from 1959 to 1969. From an early period, Bennion labeled Ridge Vineyards wines by vineyard, district and appellation, a first for California Zinfandel and a practice later followed by nearly every winery in the state. Bennion started his career at Stanford Research Institu
  • 931
  • 02 Dec 2022
Biography
Godfrey Weitzel
Godfrey (Gottfried) Weitzel (November 1, 1835 – March 19, 1884) was a German-American major general in the Union army during the American Civil War. He was the acting Mayor of New Orleans during the Union occupation of the city and also captured and occupied the Confederate capitol, Richmond, Virginia. Weitzel also is known for his post-war accomplishments with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  • 930
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Cold Spray Method
The cold, thermal spraying technology “Cold Spray” is a method of processing particles in a solid state. Research conducted through cold spray technology has seen a significant improvement in material properties; when processing the particles in a solid state, they adhere to the surface instead of eroding it. Cold spraying has proven to be an effective technique for improving material properties, as confirmed by its integration into different fields and industries, becoming competitive by being the only method for depositing particles below their melting point.
  • 930
  • 15 Feb 2023
Biography
George W. Fuller
George Warren Fuller (December 21, 1868 – June 15, 1934) was a sanitary engineer who was also trained in bacteriology and chemistry. His career extended from 1890 to 1934 and he was responsible for important innovations in water and wastewater treatment. He designed and built the first modern water filtration plant, and he designed and built the first chlorination system that disinfected a U.S
  • 929
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Tool and Die Maker
Tool and die makers are a class of machinists in the manufacturing industries who make jigs, fixtures, dies, molds, machine tools, cutting tools, gauges, and other tools used in manufacturing processes. Depending on which area of concentration a particular person works in, he or she may be called by variations on the name, including tool maker (toolmaker), die maker (diemaker), mold maker (moldmaker) or tool jig and die-maker, etc. Tool and die makers work primarily in toolroom environments—sometimes literally in one room but more often in an environment with flexible, semipermeable boundaries from production work. They are skilled artisans (craftspeople) who typically learn their trade through a combination of academic coursework and hands-on instruction, with a substantial period of on-the-job training that is functionally an apprenticeship (although usually not nominally today). Art and science (specifically, applied science) are thoroughly intermixed in their work, as they also are in engineering. Manufacturing engineers and tool and die makers often work in close consultation as part of a manufacturing engineering team. There is often turnover between the careers, as one person may end up working in both at different times of their life, depending on the turns of their particular educational and career path. There was no codified difference between them during the 19th century and earlier parts of the 20th century; it was only after World War II that engineering became a regulated profession exclusively defined by a university or college engineering degree.Both careers require some level of talent in both artistic/artisanal/creative areas and math-and-science areas.
  • 928
  • 21 Oct 2022
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