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Topic Review
Concepts in Folk Art
Folk and traditional arts are rooted in and reflective of the cultural life of a community. They encompass the body of expressive culture associated with the fields of folklore and cultural heritage. Tangible folk art includes objects which historically are crafted and used within a traditional community. Intangible folk arts include such forms as music, dance and narrative structures. Each of these arts, both tangible and intangible, was originally developed to address a real need. Once this practical purpose has been lost or forgotten, there is no reason for further transmission unless the object or action has been imbued with meaning beyond its initial practicality. These vital and constantly reinvigorated artistic traditions are shaped by values and standards of excellence that are passed from generation to generation, most often within family and community, through demonstration, conversation, and practice. It is these cultural artifacts, both tangible and intangible, that become the purview of the folklorist and cultural historian. They seek to understand the significance of these cultural forms within the community by studying their creation, transmission and performance, through which the values and structure of the community are expressed. It then becomes important to document these traditional acts and their meaning.
  • 2.5K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Kettle Holes
Kettle holes are small water bodies of glacial origin which mostly occur in agricultural landscapes. While they supply numerous ecosystem services (ES), this supply may be negatively affected by agricultural management on surrounding fields.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Conceptual Framework on Telehealth Use
This paper leverages the Macro-Meso-Micro (three-layer) conceptual framework to characterize the factors influencing telehealth use within a medical specialty. Based on this framework,  three levels of factors, including, macro (societal or policy-level), meso (group or organizational-level), and micro (individual-level) factors can help to explain behavior, e.g., telehealth use within a medical specialty.  
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
RGB-D Data-Based Action Recognition
Early research on Human Action Recognition was dominated by the analysis of still images or videos, localizing the actor in a video spatio-temporally using bounding boxes, temporal extent, and a spatio-temporal cuboid which contains a particular action. Human Action Recognition has many applications, including the automated annotation of user videos, indexing and retrieving user videos, automated surveillance, monitoring elderly patients using specially adapted cameras, robot operations, and live blogging of actions. In recent times, the availability of massive amounts of video data has provided significance to the understanding of video data (through a sequence of images) with the possibility of solving problems such as scene identification, searching through video content, and interaction recognition through video scenes. RGB-D generally refers to Red, Green, Blue plus Depth data captured by RGB-D sensors. An RGB-D image provides a per-pixel depth information aligned with corresponding image pixels. An image formed through depth information is an image channel in which each pixel relates to a distance between the image plane and the corresponding object in the RGB image. The addition of depth information to conventional RGB image helps improve the accuracy and the denseness of the data.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Biography
Piara Singh Gill
Piara Singh Gill (28 October 1911 – 23 March 2002) was an India n nuclear physicist who was a pioneer in cosmic ray nuclear physics and worked on the American Manhattan project.[1] He was the first Director of Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) of India .[2] He was research fellow of University of Chicago (1940).[3] He was research Professorship fellow of Tata Institute of Fu
  • 2.5K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Tourism Development in Uzbekistan
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing and most visible sectors of the global economy, contributing significantly to boosting a nation’s economy. Tourism-led economic growth considering sustainable approaches is becoming increasingly important in public policy. Urban and regional studies have begun to focus on the sustainability of tourism from social, economic, environmental, and cultural perspectives.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Environmental Scenario Analysis
Scenario analysis is a useful tool to facilitate discussions about the main trends of future change and to promote the understanding of global environmental changes implications on relevant aspects of sustainability.
  • 2.5K
  • 16 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Supercritical CO2 Foaming Technologies
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foaming is divided into physical foaming and chemical foaming; in contrast with the latter, the use of a physical foaming agent for PLA foaming has the characteristic of being green and non-polluting in line with the current carbon-neutral development plan. At the same time, the foam obtained by physical foaming has the properties of lightweight, low density, and more stable. Common physical blowing agents are CO2 and N2. Due to the plasticizing effect of CO2, and its high solubility in PLA, which can promote the crystallization of PLA, the current research on the supercritical foaming of PLA, especially intermittent foaming, mainly uses CO2 as the preferred foaming agent. However, due to the fast diffusion rate of N2, smaller bubbles can be obtained in microcellular injection foaming using N2. Therefore, N2 is commonly used as a blowing agent in the microcellular injection foaming process. In the supercritical foaming process, foaming parameters, such as saturation temperature, saturation pressure, and saturation time have a great influence on the structure and properties of the bubble pores. The cell diameter, cell density, and foam volume expansion ratio are three fundamental parameters for characterizing the cell structure. The variation in the three parameters has a great influence on the cell structure and the performance of the foam. Cell diameter generally refers to the average diameter of at least 100 cell units in the foaming image obtained from electron microscopy. Cell density refers to the number of cells per cubic centimeter of the foamed sample. Volume expansion ratio refers to the density ratio of the unfoamed sample to the foamed sample.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ER Import of Small Human Presecretory Proteins
Protein transport into the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) used to be seen as strictly cotranslational, i.e. coupled to protein synthesis in time and mechanism. In the course of the last decades, however, various classes of precursors of soluble and membrane proteins were found to be posttranslationally imported into the ER, i.e. without involving the ribosome. The first class to be identified were the small presecretory proteins, tail-anchored membrane proteins followed next. In both cases the information for ER-targeting within the respective precursor is released from the translating ribosome as part of the fully-synthesized precursor, i.e. before it can initiate ER-import. In the case of the small presecretory proteins, the information for ER-targeting and -translocation via the polypeptide-conducting Sec61-channel is a classical N-terminal signal peptide, which is released from the ribosome due to the small size of the precursor. In the second case, the information for ER-targeting and Sec61-independent membrane insertion is a C-terminal transmembrane helix, termed tail-anchor, which first facilitates ER-targeting and membrane insertion of the precursor and, subsequently, represents the single transmembrane domain of the so-called tail-anchored membrane protein. Here, we discuss the current state of insights into the components and mechanisms, which are involved in targeting of small presecretory proteins to and their subsequent translocation into the human ER. In closing we present a unifying hypothesis for ER protein translocation in terms of an energy diagram for Sec61-channel gating.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 Sep 2025
Topic Review
Biomedical Effects of Garlic
Garlic is a perennial plant of the amaryllis family that produces strong-smelling pungent bulbs from a strong tall stem of 25–70 cm and can be grown in mild climates. Garlic is commonly used as a spice in cooking and and in herbal medicine.
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae)
Trees are vital resources for economic, environmental, and industrial growth, supporting human life directly or indirectly through a wide variety of therapeutic compounds, commodities, and ecological services. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae) is one of the most valuable multipurpose forest trees in India and Sri Lanka, as it is cultivated for quality wood as well as pharmaceutically bioactive compounds, especially from the stem bark and heartwood. However, propagation of the tree in natural conditions is difficult due to the low percentage of seed germination coupled with overexploitation of this species for its excellent multipurpose properties. This overexploitation has ultimately led to the inclusion of P. marsupium on the list of endangered plant species. However, recent developments in plant biotechnology may offer a solution to the overuse of such valuable species if such advances are accompanied by technology transfer in the developing world. Specifically, techniques in micropropagation, genetic manipulation, DNA barcoding, drug extraction, delivery, and targeting as well as standardization, are of substantial concern. To date, there are no comprehensive and detailed reviews of P. marsupium in terms of biotechnological research developments, specifically pharmacognosy, pharmacology, tissue culture, authentication of genuine species, and basic gene transfer studies.
  • 2.5K
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Insulation System and Aging Phenomenon
The insulating system of the windings of electrical machines is multi-layer and consists of coil and main (slot) insulation. The thickness of the insulation is selected with a margin so that its durability to breakdown is greater than the existing voltage. 
  • 2.5K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
New Insights into Melanocytes Beyond Conventional Recognition
Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from UV-B radiation. Notwithstanding, the spectrum of their functions extends far beyond their well-known role as melanin production factories. Melanocytes have been considered as sensory and computational cells. The neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other hormones produced by melanocytes make them part of the skin’s well-orchestrated and complex neuroendocrine network, counteracting environmental stressors. Melanocytes can also actively mediate the epidermal immune response. Melanocytes are equipped with ectopic sensory systems similar to the eye and nose and can sense light and odor.In addition, melanocytes have also been shown to be localized in internal sites such as the inner ear, brain, and heart, locations not stimulated by sunlight.
  • 2.5K
  • 18 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Long-Term Land Leasing
Land leasing, as an alternative to the purchase of agricultural land, is increasingly being embraced as a mechanism for securing tenure of land.
  • 2.5K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Digital Technologies in the Water System
Urban water supply systems are complex and dynamic in nature, and as a result, can be considered complex to manage owing to enhanced urbanization levels, climate change, growing and varying consumer demands, and limited water resources. The operation of such a system must be managed effectively for sustainable water supply to satisfy the growing consumer demand. With the increasing growth in technology, the water sector is moving to the full phase of digitalization to enhance the sustainability of systems.
  • 2.5K
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Ocular Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) confers neural control of the entire body, mainly through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Several studies have observed that the physiological functions of the eye (pupil size, lens accommodation, ocular circulation, and intraocular pressure regulation) are precisely regulated by the ANS. Almost all parts of the eye have autonomic innervation for the regulation of local homeostasis through synergy and antagonism. With the advent of new research methods, novel anatomical characteristics and numerous physiological processes have been elucidated.
  • 2.5K
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Leverage
In finance, leverage (or gearing in the United Kingdom and Australia) is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy things, hoping that future profits will be many times more than the cost of borrowing. This technique is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force, because successful leverage amplifies the comparatively small amount of money needed for borrowing into large amounts of profit. However, the technique also involves the high risk of not being able to pay back a large loan. Normally, a lender will set a limit on how much risk it is prepared to take and will set a limit on how much leverage it will permit, and would require the acquired asset to be provided as collateral security for the loan. Leveraging enables gains to be multiplied. On the other hand, losses are also multiplied, and there is a risk that leveraging will result in a loss if financing costs exceed the income from the asset, or the value of the asset falls.
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smart Grids（SG）
Smart grid (SG), an evolving concept in the modern power infrastructure, enables the two-way flow of electricity and data between the peers within the electricity system networks (ESN) and its clusters. The self-healing capabilities of SG allow the peers to become active partakers in ESN. In general, the SG is intended to replace the fossil fuel-rich conventional grid with the distributed energy resources (DER) and pools numerous existing and emerging know-hows like information and digital communications technologies together to manage countless operations.
  • 2.5K
  • 01 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Learning Crisis
The learning crisis is the reality that while the majority of children around the world attend school, a large proportion of them are not learning. A World Bank study found that "53 percent of children in low- and middle-income countries cannot read and understand a simple story by the end of primary school." While schooling has increased rapidly over the last few decades, learning has not followed suit. Many education systems leave lots of children behind in learning as they progress in schooling. For example, in India, over half of Grade 5 students have not mastered Grade 2 literacy. In Nigeria, only about 1 in 10 women who completed Grade 6 can read a single sentence in their native language. Across seven low- and middle-income countries that participated in PISA for Development, only 12 percent of children who were tested met minimum proficiency levels for math, and just 23 percent for reading. While the skills of Brazilian 15-year-olds have improved in recent decades, at the current rate of improvement, students will not meet the average score of wealthy countries in math for 75 years. For reading, it will take more than 260 years. It is highly likely that the learning crisis will be further exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the vast disruptions that this pandemic caused for education across the globe.
  • 2.5K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Biography
I. J. Good
Irving John ("I. J."; "Jack") Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009)[1][2] was a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing. After the Second World War, Good continued to work with Turing on the design of computers and Bayesian statistics at the University of Manchester. Good moved to the United States where he was professor at Virginia Tech. He was b
  • 2.5K
  • 24 Nov 2022
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