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Topic Review
Anting (Bird Activity)
Anting is a maintenance behaviour during which birds rub insects, usually ants, on their feathers and skin. The bird may pick up the insects in its bill and rub them on the body (active anting), or the bird may lie in an area of high density of the insects and perform dust bathing-like movements (passive anting). The insects secrete liquids containing chemicals such as formic acid, which can act as an insecticide, miticide, fungicide, or bactericide. Alternatively, anting could make the insects edible by removing the distasteful acid, or, possibly supplement the bird's own preen oil. Instead of ants, birds can also use millipedes. More than 200 species of bird are known to ant. A possibly related behaviour, self-anointing, is seen in many mammals.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Biography
Warren P. Mason
Warren Perry Mason (September 28, 1900 – August 23, 1986) was an American electrical engineer and physicist at Bell Labs. A graduate of Columbia University, he had a prolific output, publishing four books and nearly a hundred papers. He was issued over two hundred patents, more than anyone else at Bell Labs. His work included acoustics, filters, crystals and ceramics, materials science, polyme
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Coelophysis Rhodesiensis
Coelophysis rhodesiensis is an extinct species of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 188 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Africa. The species was a small to medium-sized, lightly built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long. It was formerly called Syntarsus, but that name was already taken by a beetle, and was subsequently given the name Megapnosaurus by Ivie, Ślipiński & Węgrzynowicz, in 2001, though many subsequent studies have classified it in the genus Coelophysis.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Health Effects of Pesticides
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, neurodevelopmental disorder, cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease. Toxicity of pesticides depend on the type of chemical, route of exposure, dosage, and timing of exposure. According to The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001), 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent chemicals were pesticides, so many have now been withdrawn from use.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
2009 Swine Flu Pandemic Vaccine
The 2009 swine flu pandemic vaccines were influenza vaccines developed to protect against the pandemic H1N1/09 virus. These vaccines either contained inactivated (killed) influenza virus, or weakened live virus that could not cause influenza. The killed virus was injected, while the live virus was given as a nasal spray. Both these types of vaccine were produced by growing the virus in chicken eggs. Around three billion doses were produced, with delivery in November 2009.Cite error: Closing missing for tag providing a strong protective immune response and having a similar safety profile to the usual seasonal influenza vaccine. However, about 30% of people already had some immunity to the virus, with the vaccine conferring greatest benefit on young people, since many older people are already immune through exposure to similar viruses in the past. The vaccine also provided some cross-protection against the 1918 flu pandemic strain. Early results (pre-25 December 2009) from an observational cohort of 248,000 individuals in Scotland showed the vaccine to be effective at preventing H1N1 influenza (95.0% effectiveness [95% confidence intervals 76.0–100.0%]) and influenza-related hospital admissions (64.7% [95% confidence intervals 12.0–85.8%]). Developing, testing, and manufacturing sufficient quantities of a vaccine is a process that takes many months. According to Keiji Fukuda of the World Health Organization, "There's much greater vaccine capacity than there was a few years ago, but there is not enough vaccine capacity to instantly make vaccines for the entire world's population for influenza." The nasal mist version of the vaccine started shipping on 1 October 2009.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Biography
Peter Herbert Jensen
Peter Herbert Jensen (28 November 1913, Göttingen – 17 August 1955, Quend) was a Germany experimental nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the Uranverein. After the war, he was a department director in the high-voltage section of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, and a supernumerary professor at the University of Main
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Terri Attwood
Teresa K. Attwood is a Professor of Bioinformatics in the Department of Computer Science and School of Biological Sciences at the University of Manchester and a visiting fellow at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).[1] She held a Royal Society University Research Fellowship at University College London (UCL) from 1993 to 1999 and at the University of Manchester from 1999 to 2002.[2
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Cancer
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a heterogeneous cancer that tends to occur in the more common sporadic forms rather than the rare inherited forms. The process of initiation and formation of neoplastic cells in the GI tract can be classified into four main mechanisms: (i) inherited transmission of mutations; (ii) exposure to different carcinogens; (iii) chronic inflammatory conditions/microbial dysbiosis; and (iv) sporadic mutations and epigenetic changes.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Bertielliasis
Bertielliasis is the infection of Bertiella, a cestode tapeworm parasite that primarily infects nonhuman primates, rodents and Australia n marsupials. Occasionally, human infections have been documented by one of two species: Bertiella studeri, or Bertiella mucronata. Of 29 different Bertiella species, only these two can infect humans. These infections present with symptoms similar to most tapeworm cases, and are frequently misdiagnosed. Bertiella transmission is through oribatid mites that are often present in the soil of problem areas, and can be easily prevented by avoiding contact with nonhuman primates, rodents and soil in these areas.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Apiaceae as Antioxidants
The excess level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs the oxidative balance leading to oxidative stress, which, in turn, causes diabetes mellites, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary antioxidants can balance these effects of ROS and oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal products for personal and beauty care. The Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) family is a good source of antioxidants, predominantly phenolic compounds, therefore, widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical, flavor, and perfumery industries. These natural antioxidants include polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acids, and exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, and anticancer.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Biography
John M. Grunsfeld
John Mace Grunsfeld (born October 10, 1958) is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and has served as NASA Chief Scientist. His academic background includes research in high energy astrophysics, cosmic ray physics and the emerging field of exoplanet studies with specific interest in future astronomical instrumentation.[1] After retiring
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Biography
Shmuel Erlich
H. Shmuel Erlich (born July 11, 1937 in Frankfurt) is an Israeli psychoanalyst, organizational consultant and psychologist of clinical psychology. Since 1990 he has been professor of the Sigmund Freud Chair at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2005 he became emeritus.[1] Erlich is one of the spiritual fathers of the Nazareth-Conferences.[2] Almost two years after Shmuel Erlich's birth, a
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sexual Coercion
Sexual coercion in animals is the use of violence, threats, harassment, and other tactics to help them forcefully copulate. Such behavior has been compared to sexual assault, including rape, among humans. In nature, males and females usually differ in reproductive fitness optima. Males generally prefer to maximize their number of offspring, and therefore their number of mates; females, on the other hand, tend to care more for their offspring and have fewer mates. Because of this, there are generally more males available to mate at a given time, making females a limited resource. This leads males to evolve aggressive mating behaviors which can help them acquire mates. Sexual coercion has been observed in many species, including mammals, birds, insects, and fish. While sexual coercion does help increase male fitness, it is very often costly to females. However, in spite of these costs, a possible benefit to the females is a chance to test the stamina of the males, so that only those with "good genes" will father their offspring. Sexual coercion has been observed to have consequences, such as intersexual coevolution, speciation, and sexual dimorphism.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Biography
Gloria Dubner
Gloria Dubner (born May 5, 1950) is an Argentinian astrophysicist and Director of the Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio in Buenos Aires and a Senior Researcher at the National Scientific and Technical Research Council. She is known for her research on supernovas. Dubner was born on May 5, 1950 in the city of Chajarí, located in the Entre Ríos Province in Argentina . She receive
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Functional Properties of Passion Fruit Seed Extract
The genus Passiflora L. is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The major species, Passiflora edulis Sims, is known as ‘passion fruit’ and is widely used in processed foods as well as eaten raw. P. edulis fruits are eaten for their pulp together with the seeds; however, the seeds are often discarded when used in processed foods. P. edulis seeds contain a variety of nutrients and functional components, and their industrial use is desirable from the perspective of waste reduction.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Biography
John Henry Schwarz
John Henry Schwarz (/ʃwɔːrts/; born November 22, 1941) is an United States theoretical physicist.[1] Along with Yoichiro Nambu, Holger Bech Nielsen, Joël Scherk, Gabriele Veneziano, Michael Green, and Leonard Susskind, he is regarded as one of the founders of string theory. He studied mathematics at Harvard College (A.B., 1962) and theoretical physics at the University of California at Be
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Functional Neurologic Disorder
A functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. Symptoms of functional neurological disorders are clinically recognisable, but are not categorically associated with a definable organic disease. The intended contrast is with an organic brain syndrome, where a physiological cause can be indentified. Subsets of functional neurological disorders include functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD), conversion disorder, and psychogenic movement disorder/non-epileptic seizures. Neurological symptoms which are unexplained by organic disease are common in neurological services, accounting for up to one third of outpatient neurology clinic attendances, and associated with as much self-reported disability and distress as those caused by organic neurological disorders. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a neurologist (see below). Physiotherapy is particularly helpful for patients with motor symptoms (weakness, gait disorders, movement disorders) and tailored cognitive behavioural therapy has the best evidence in patients with dissociative (non-epileptic) attacks.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips
Traditional detectors mostly consist of complex structures that are difficult to use. However, paper-based microfluidic chips combine the advantages of small size, high efficiency, easy processing and environmental protection. Paper-based microfluidic chips for biomedical applications focus on efficiency, accuracy, integration and innovation. As a result, continuous progress has been observed in the transition from single-channel to multi-channel detection and from qualitative to quantitative detection. These developments have improved the efficiency and accuracy of single cells and biochemical markers detection. Paper-based microfluidic chips can provide insights into multiple fields, including biomedicine and other related fields.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sugar Reduction in Dairy Food
1. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Public Health England (PHE) recommend cutting down added sugar in processed foods 2. Flavoured milk is one the sources of sugar and calorie intake in all age groups 3. Sugar reduction by partial substitution with natural non-nutritive sweeteners like stevia and monk fruit is one of the most suitable options for food industries 4. Sugar reduction will help manage the chronic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Oct 2020
Biography
Joseph Francisco
Joseph S. Francisco (born 1955) was President of the American Chemical Society from 2009-2010.[1] Until 2018, he served as the Dean of College of Arts and Sciences,[2] Elmer H. and Ruby M.Cordes Chair in chemistry[3] at University of Nebraska in Lincoln. He received his bachelors from the University of Texas at Austin in 1977 and his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1983.[1]
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2022
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