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Biography
Wilhelm Runge
Wilhelm Tolmé Runge (June 10, 1895 – June 9, 1987) was an electrical engineer and physicist who had a major involvement in developing radar systems in Germany. Wilhelm Runge was born and raised in Hannover, where his father, Carl Runge, was a well-known professor of mathematics at the Technische Hochschule Hannover (now remembered chiefly as the co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method). W
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Biography
Wolfgang Finkelnburg
Wolfgang Karl Ernst Finkelnburg (5 June 1905 – 7 November 1967)[1] was a German physicist who made contributions to spectroscopy, atomic physics, the structure of matter, and high-temperature arc discharges. His vice-presidency of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft 1941-1945, was influential in that organization’s ability to assert its independence from National Socialist policies. F
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  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers
The indolent nature of some cancers makes early detection challenging, as such significant effort is placed on identifying circulating cancer biomarkers using minimally invasive, highly sensitive diagnostic assays. Biological fluids contain small extracellular vesicles including exosomes, which have many tissue origins. Cancer cells increase production and release of exosomes in the circulation to deliver biologically active compounds that can reprogram recipient cells, which potentially represent a valuable source of biomarkers.
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  • 28 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Apiaceae as Antioxidants
The excess level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturbs the oxidative balance leading to oxidative stress, which, in turn, causes diabetes mellites, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary antioxidants can balance these effects of ROS and oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the use of herbal products for personal and beauty care. The Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) family is a good source of antioxidants, predominantly phenolic compounds, therefore, widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical, flavor, and perfumery industries. These natural antioxidants include polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acids, and exhibit a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, and anticancer.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Biography
Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov
Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov (Russian: Алексе́й Ю́рьевич Cмирно́в; born October 16, 1951) is a neutrino physics researcher and one of the discoverers of the MSW Effect. Alexei Smirnov graduated from MSU Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 1974. In 1977, he began to work at the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where he
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  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Obesity with Infertility
A high-fat diet and obesity, the development of which is encouraged by the western lifestyle, can significantly affect male fertility. An inappropriate diet may be directly related to the increase of oxidative stress, but also contribute to the development of obesity, which is associated with the deterioration of fertility, both in terms of generating oxidative stress as well as hormonal or immunological disorders. In obese individuals, disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are observed, as well as elevated oestrogen levels with simultaneous decrease of testosterone, LH and FSH hormone levels. Weight loss in obese men seems to be the first, and the most basic step in the treatment of male infertility.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Biography
Enzo Paoletti
Enzo Paoletti (May 22, 1943 – January 17, 2018) was an Italian-American virologist who developed the technology to express foreign antigens in vaccinia and other poxviruses. This advance led to the development of vaccines against multiple disease-causing pathogens. Enzo Paoletti was born in Monti di Villa, Bagni di Lucca, Lucca, Italy on May 22, 1943. He emigrated with his family to New Yor
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  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Coelophysis Rhodesiensis
Coelophysis rhodesiensis is an extinct species of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 188 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Africa. The species was a small to medium-sized, lightly built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long. It was formerly called Syntarsus, but that name was already taken by a beetle, and was subsequently given the name Megapnosaurus by Ivie, Ślipiński & Węgrzynowicz, in 2001, though many subsequent studies have classified it in the genus Coelophysis.
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  • 04 Nov 2022
Biography
Rochus Eugen Vogt
Rochus Eugen (Robbie) Vogt (born December 21, 1929 in Neckarelz, Germany) is a German-American physicist, famous as the director and principal investigator of the LIGO project from 1987 to 1994.[1] Vogt studied from 1950 to 1952 at the University of Karlsruhe and from 1952 to 1953 at Heidelberg University. In 1953 he came to the United States. At the University of Chicago he graduated in phys
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  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sexual Coercion
Sexual coercion in animals is the use of violence, threats, harassment, and other tactics to help them forcefully copulate. Such behavior has been compared to sexual assault, including rape, among humans. In nature, males and females usually differ in reproductive fitness optima. Males generally prefer to maximize their number of offspring, and therefore their number of mates; females, on the other hand, tend to care more for their offspring and have fewer mates. Because of this, there are generally more males available to mate at a given time, making females a limited resource. This leads males to evolve aggressive mating behaviors which can help them acquire mates. Sexual coercion has been observed in many species, including mammals, birds, insects, and fish. While sexual coercion does help increase male fitness, it is very often costly to females. However, in spite of these costs, a possible benefit to the females is a chance to test the stamina of the males, so that only those with "good genes" will father their offspring. Sexual coercion has been observed to have consequences, such as intersexual coevolution, speciation, and sexual dimorphism.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Biography
Thelma Estrin
Thelma Estrin (February 21, 1924 – February 15, 2014[1]) was an American computer scientist and engineer who did pioneering work in the fields of expert systems and biomedical engineering. She was one of the first to apply computer technology to healthcare and medical research. She was professor emerita in the Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles. Thelma A
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Ammar Bouhouche
Ammar Bouhouche[1] was born on December 17, 1938 in Al-Ancer (El-milia, Jijel), Algeria. He was member of the National Liberation Army, and later the National Liberation Front. Bouhouche is known for his nationalist activism in the Middle East and United States supporting the Algerian Revolution against French colonisation and oppression. First Algerian holder of a Ph.D. in political science,
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  • 29 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies (also called monoclonal antibodies). This process starts by injecting a mouse (or other mammal) with an antigen that provokes an immune response. A type of white blood cell, the B cell, produces antibodies that bind to the injected antigen. These antibody producing B-cells are then harvested from the mouse and, in turn, fused with immortal B cell cancer cells, a myeloma,[clarification needed] to produce a hybrid cell line called a hybridoma, which has both the antibody-producing ability of the B-cell and the longevity and reproductivity of the myeloma. The hybridomas can be grown in culture, each culture starting with one viable hybridoma cell, producing cultures each of which consists of genetically identical hybridomas which produce one antibody per culture (monoclonal) rather than mixtures of different antibodies (polyclonal). The myeloma cell line that is used in this process is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody synthesis. In contrast to polyclonal antibodies, which are mixtures of many different antibody molecules, the monoclonal antibodies produced by each hybridoma line are all chemically identical. The production of monoclonal antibodies was invented by César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler in 1975. They shared the Nobel Prize of 1984 for Medicine and Physiology with Niels Kaj Jerne, who made other contributions to immunology. The term hybridoma was coined by Leonard Herzenberg during his sabbatical in César Milstein's laboratory in 1976–1977.
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  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Lorenzo A. Richards
Lorenzo Adolph Richards (April 24, 1904 – March 12, 1993) or known as Ren was one of the 20th century’s most influential minds in the field of soil physics.[1][2] Lorenzo A. Richards was born on April 24, 1904, in the town of Fielding, Utah, and received a B.S. and M.A. degree in Physics from Utah State University. His PhD thesis, completed at Cornell University in 1931 and entitled Cap
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Carleton C. Murdock
Carleton Chase Murdock (Cooperstown, N.Y. July 29, 1884 – Ithaca, N.Y. June 5, 1971) was an American physicist, teaching and researching primarily at Cornell University. He served as Dean of University Faculty from 1945 to 1951. Within the field of physics, he was known for research in the field of crystal structures and X-ray diffractions.[1] During academic year 1926-27, Murdock also conduct
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anting (Bird Activity)
Anting is a maintenance behaviour during which birds rub insects, usually ants, on their feathers and skin. The bird may pick up the insects in its bill and rub them on the body (active anting), or the bird may lie in an area of high density of the insects and perform dust bathing-like movements (passive anting). The insects secrete liquids containing chemicals such as formic acid, which can act as an insecticide, miticide, fungicide, or bactericide. Alternatively, anting could make the insects edible by removing the distasteful acid, or, possibly supplement the bird's own preen oil. Instead of ants, birds can also use millipedes. More than 200 species of bird are known to ant. A possibly related behaviour, self-anointing, is seen in many mammals.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Biography
Ivor Benson
Ivor Benson (November 1907 – January 1993) was a journalist, right-wing essayist, anti-communist and racist conspiracy theorist.[1] He fanatically supported apartheid in South Africa . He also wrote frequently about a global Jewish/Communist conspiracy; his main book on the subject, This Worldwide Conspiracy, was supported by the right-wing London Swinton Circle[2] and recommended by the neo-N
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Gastrointestinal Cancer
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a heterogeneous cancer that tends to occur in the more common sporadic forms rather than the rare inherited forms. The process of initiation and formation of neoplastic cells in the GI tract can be classified into four main mechanisms: (i) inherited transmission of mutations; (ii) exposure to different carcinogens; (iii) chronic inflammatory conditions/microbial dysbiosis; and (iv) sporadic mutations and epigenetic changes.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Biography
Harold Crouch
Harold Crouch (born 1940) is an Australian political science scholar and author. He has been described as "one of the pre-eminent scholars of Indonesian politics."[1] Most of his books are published under "Harold Crouch". Harold Arthur Crouch was born on 18 July 1940 in Melbourne, Australia at the Mercy Hospital. His parents, Marjorie Hilda Morris (Crouch) and Harold Crouch, were married in 1
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Theodore Case
Theodore Willard Case (December 12, 1888 – May 13, 1944) was an American chemist, physicist, and inventor known for the invention of the Movietone sound-on-film sound film system. Case was born in Auburn, New York into a prominent family. Generations of the Cases lived on Genesee Street in Auburn, which eventually became the residence of Theodore Case's family. He attended St. John's Northw
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Dec 2022
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