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Biography
Wilhelm Runge
Wilhelm Tolmé Runge (June 10, 1895 – June 9, 1987) was an electrical engineer and physicist who had a major involvement in developing radar systems in Germany. Wilhelm Runge was born and raised in Hannover, where his father, Carl Runge, was a well-known professor of mathematics at the Technische Hochschule Hannover (now remembered chiefly as the co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method). W
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  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chaenocephalus Aceratus
Chaenocephalus aceratus, commonly known as the blackfin icefish or the Scotia Sea icefish, is a species of crocodile icefish belonging to the family Channichthyidae. The blackfin icefish belongs to Notothenioidei, a suborder of fishes that accounts for 90% of the fish fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf. Icefishes, also called white-blooded fishes, are a unique family in that they are the only known vertebrates to lack haemoglobin, making their blood oxygen carrying capacity just 10% that of other teleosts. Icefishes have translucent blood and creamy white gills.
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  • 14 Nov 2022
Biography
Thelma Estrin
Thelma Estrin (February 21, 1924 – February 15, 2014[1]) was an American computer scientist and engineer who did pioneering work in the fields of expert systems and biomedical engineering. She was one of the first to apply computer technology to healthcare and medical research. She was professor emerita in the Department of Computer Science, University of California at Los Angeles. Thelma A
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Biography
Rochus Eugen Vogt
Rochus Eugen (Robbie) Vogt (born December 21, 1929 in Neckarelz, Germany) is a German-American physicist, famous as the director and principal investigator of the LIGO project from 1987 to 1994.[1] Vogt studied from 1950 to 1952 at the University of Karlsruhe and from 1952 to 1953 at Heidelberg University. In 1953 he came to the United States. At the University of Chicago he graduated in phys
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  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Ammar Bouhouche
Ammar Bouhouche[1] was born on December 17, 1938 in Al-Ancer (El-milia, Jijel), Algeria. He was member of the National Liberation Army, and later the National Liberation Front. Bouhouche is known for his nationalist activism in the Middle East and United States supporting the Algerian Revolution against French colonisation and oppression. First Algerian holder of a Ph.D. in political science,
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  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
François Arago
Dominique François Jean Arago (Catalan: Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (French: [fʁɑ̃swa aʁaɡo]; Catalan: Francesc Aragó, IPA: [fɾənˈsɛsk əɾəˈɣo]; 26 February 1786 – 2 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason,[1] supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries[2] and politician. Arago was born at Estagel, a s
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  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Carleton C. Murdock
Carleton Chase Murdock (Cooperstown, N.Y. July 29, 1884 – Ithaca, N.Y. June 5, 1971) was an American physicist, teaching and researching primarily at Cornell University. He served as Dean of University Faculty from 1945 to 1951. Within the field of physics, he was known for research in the field of crystal structures and X-ray diffractions.[1] During academic year 1926-27, Murdock also conduct
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Human Power Production and Energy Harvesting
This entry presents a holistic examination of the problem of harvesting energy from the human body. With the advent of the industrial revolution, in modern times, there is less and less need for physical human work; at the same time, motion is essential for health. Thus, sports and physical leisure activities have seen a dramatic increase in popularity. Until several decades ago, energy consumption was not an issue, at least in developed countries, but in recent years, it has become more and more evident that energy resources are finite and that there are limits to how much anthropic pressure the environment can sustain; one evident outcome is global warming. The repurposing of human energy also has psychological benefits, making people socially responsible and transforming otherwise wasted potential into a rewarding activity. Thus, on a small scale, over time, it has become evident that re-using and saving energy are vital. Humans can produce a large amount of energy through physical work, but over the past few decades, technologies have been developed to store and reuse energy that would otherwise be wasted. Some interesting applications and a critical review of the problem, which is linked to human metabolism and sport, are presented.
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  • 08 Jun 2023
Biography
Lorenzo A. Richards
Lorenzo Adolph Richards (April 24, 1904 – March 12, 1993) or known as Ren was one of the 20th century’s most influential minds in the field of soil physics.[1][2] Lorenzo A. Richards was born on April 24, 1904, in the town of Fielding, Utah, and received a B.S. and M.A. degree in Physics from Utah State University. His PhD thesis, completed at Cornell University in 1931 and entitled Cap
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  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Julius Sumner Miller
Julius Sumner Miller (May 17, 1909 – April 14, 1987) was an United States physicist and television personality.[1] He is best known for his work on children's television programs in North America and Australia. Julius Sumner Miller was born in Billerica, Massachusetts, as the youngest of nine children. His father was Latvian, and his Lithuanian mother spoke 12 languages.[2][3] Miller grad
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  • 28 Dec 2022
Biography
Ivor Benson
Ivor Benson (November 1907 – January 1993) was a journalist, right-wing essayist, anti-communist and racist conspiracy theorist.[1] He fanatically supported apartheid in South Africa . He also wrote frequently about a global Jewish/Communist conspiracy; his main book on the subject, This Worldwide Conspiracy, was supported by the right-wing London Swinton Circle[2] and recommended by the neo-N
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  • 13 Dec 2022
Biography
Harold Crouch
Harold Crouch (born 1940) is an Australian political science scholar and author. He has been described as "one of the pre-eminent scholars of Indonesian politics."[1] Most of his books are published under "Harold Crouch". Harold Arthur Crouch was born on 18 July 1940 in Melbourne, Australia at the Mercy Hospital. His parents, Marjorie Hilda Morris (Crouch) and Harold Crouch, were married in 1
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  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Marine Peptides in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men, and its treatment is commonly associated with severe adverse effects. Anticancer peptides are less toxic to normal cells and provide an efficacious treatment approach via multiple mechanisms, including altered cell viability, apoptosis, cell migration/invasion, suppression of angiogenesis and microtubule balance disturbances. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Cheating
Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms. Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships. A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can potentially gain the benefit from others cooperating. Cheaters are also those who selfishly use common resources to maximize their individual fitness at the expense of a group. Natural selection favors cheating, but there are mechanisms to regulate it.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Coelophysis Rhodesiensis
Coelophysis rhodesiensis is an extinct species of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 188 million years ago during the early part of the Jurassic Period in what is now Africa. The species was a small to medium-sized, lightly built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, that could grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long. It was formerly called Syntarsus, but that name was already taken by a beetle, and was subsequently given the name Megapnosaurus by Ivie, Ślipiński & Węgrzynowicz, in 2001, though many subsequent studies have classified it in the genus Coelophysis.
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  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma technology is a method for producing large numbers of identical antibodies (also called monoclonal antibodies). This process starts by injecting a mouse (or other mammal) with an antigen that provokes an immune response. A type of white blood cell, the B cell, produces antibodies that bind to the injected antigen. These antibody producing B-cells are then harvested from the mouse and, in turn, fused with immortal B cell cancer cells, a myeloma,[clarification needed] to produce a hybrid cell line called a hybridoma, which has both the antibody-producing ability of the B-cell and the longevity and reproductivity of the myeloma. The hybridomas can be grown in culture, each culture starting with one viable hybridoma cell, producing cultures each of which consists of genetically identical hybridomas which produce one antibody per culture (monoclonal) rather than mixtures of different antibodies (polyclonal). The myeloma cell line that is used in this process is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody synthesis. In contrast to polyclonal antibodies, which are mixtures of many different antibody molecules, the monoclonal antibodies produced by each hybridoma line are all chemically identical. The production of monoclonal antibodies was invented by César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler in 1975. They shared the Nobel Prize of 1984 for Medicine and Physiology with Niels Kaj Jerne, who made other contributions to immunology. The term hybridoma was coined by Leonard Herzenberg during his sabbatical in César Milstein's laboratory in 1976–1977.
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  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Influenzavirus C
Influenza virus C is a genus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae, which includes the viruses that cause influenza. The species in this genus is called Influenza C virus. Influenza C viruses are known to infect humans and pigs. Flu due to the Type C species is rare compared to Types A or B, but can be severe and can cause local epidemics. Type C has 7 RNA segments and encodes 9 proteins, while Types A and B have 8 RNA segments and encode at least 10 proteins.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Biography
Josef Schintlmeister
Josef Schintlmeister (16 June 1908, Radstadt – 14 August 1971, Hinterglemm) was an Austrian-German nuclear physicist and alpinist from Radstadt. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. After World War II, he was sent Russia to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. After he returned to Vienna, he took positions in East Germany. He w
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Theodore Case
Theodore Willard Case (December 12, 1888 – May 13, 1944) was an American chemist, physicist, and inventor known for the invention of the Movietone sound-on-film sound film system. Case was born in Auburn, New York into a prominent family. Generations of the Cases lived on Genesee Street in Auburn, which eventually became the residence of Theodore Case's family. He attended St. John's Northw
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Anting (Bird Activity)
Anting is a maintenance behaviour during which birds rub insects, usually ants, on their feathers and skin. The bird may pick up the insects in its bill and rub them on the body (active anting), or the bird may lie in an area of high density of the insects and perform dust bathing-like movements (passive anting). The insects secrete liquids containing chemicals such as formic acid, which can act as an insecticide, miticide, fungicide, or bactericide. Alternatively, anting could make the insects edible by removing the distasteful acid, or, possibly supplement the bird's own preen oil. Instead of ants, birds can also use millipedes. More than 200 species of bird are known to ant. A possibly related behaviour, self-anointing, is seen in many mammals.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Oct 2022
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