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Topic Review
Ka-Band Power Amplifier
With the increase in the demand for high-speed transmission communication, satellite communication is developing rapidly. Because of the bandwidth capacity, the K/Ka band is considered the mainstream frequency band of satellite communication. The performance of a power amplifier (PA) directly affects the power of the transmitter, so the application of a power amplifier in Ka-band satellite communication is very important.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Power Semiconductor Devices
Power switching semiconductors are indispensable elements in inverters and converters used in power grids/systems, automobiles, data centers, and renewable energy for reliability towards a more intelligent control system.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Energy Sustainability in Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are considered to be among the most important scientific domains. Yet, the exploitation of WSNs suffers from the severe energy restrictions of their electronic components. For this reason there are numerous scientific methods that have been proposed aiming to achieve the extension of the lifetime of WSNs, either by energy saving or energy harvesting or through energy transfer. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
High Temperature Superconducting Flux Pumps for Contactless Energization
The development of superconducting technology has seen continuously increasing interest, especially in the area of clean power systems and electrification of transport with low CO2 emission. Electric machines, as the major producer and consumer of the global electrical energy, have played a critical role in achieving zero carbon emission. The superior current carrying capacity of superconductors with zero DC loss opens the way to the next-generation electric machines characterized by much higher efficiency and power density compared to conventional machines. The persistent current mode is the optimal working condition for a superconducting magnet, and thus the energization of superconducting field windings has become a crucial challenge to be tackled, to which high temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps have been proposed as a promising solution. An HTS flux pump enables current injection into a closed superconducting coil wirelessly and provides continuous compensation to offset current decay, avoiding excessive cryogenic losses and sophisticated power electronics facilities.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
LOCAD
The Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development (LOCAD) element is a set of related lab-on-a-chip projects at NASA. The projects develop integrated lab-on-a-chip products in three areas related to space exploration: Environmental Control and Life Systems Support (ECLSS), Medical Systems, and Remote Exploration. NASA conducts activities related to these projects both at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Plug-in Electric Vehicles Review
Plug-in electric vehicles refer to vehicles that are powered by electricity from off-vehicle sources or can be self-contained with a battery, solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert fuel to electricity. EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft, and electric spacecraft. The literature covering Plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs) contains many charging/discharging strategies. However, none of the review papers covers such strategies in a complete fashion where all patterns of EVs charging/discharging are identified.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Blockchain and Energy Internet
Emergence of the Energy Internet (EI) demands restructuring of traditional electricity grids to integrate heterogeneous energy sources, distribution network management with grid intelligence and big data management. This paradigm shift is considered to be a breakthrough in the energy industry towards facilitating autonomous and decentralized grid operations while maximizing the utilization of Distributed Generation (DG). Blockchain has been identified as a disruptive technology enabler for the realization of EI to facilitate reliable, self-operated energy delivery. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Microfabricated Gas Sensors
In recent years, advancements in micromachining techniques and nanomaterials have enabled the fabrication of highly sensitive devices for the detection of odorous species. Recent efforts done in the miniaturization of gas sensors have contributed to obtain increasingly compact and portable devices. Besides, the implementation of new nanomaterials in the active layer of these devices is helping to optimize their performance and increase their sensitivity close to humans' olfactory system. Nonetheless, a common concern of general-purpose gas sensors is their lack of selectivity towards multiple analytes. In recent years, advancements in microfabrication techniques and microfluidics have contributed to create new microanalytical tools, which represent a very good alternative to conventional analytical devices and sensor-array systems for the selective detection of odors.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2020
Topic Review
UAVs toward Future Transportation
The adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in numerous sectors is projected to grow exponentially in the future as technology advances and regulation evolves. One of the promising applications of UAVs is in transportation systems. As the current transportation system is moving towards Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), UAVs are going to play a major role in the functioning of ITS.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Occurrence of Bearing Currents in Electric Machines
In electrical machines, there are numerous negative phenomena of a destructive nature. The constructors of electrical machines try to limit these phenomena and/or minimize their negative effects. One such phenomenon in electrical machines is the occurrence of bearing voltages and currents. Despite their simple structure, the bearings are susceptible to damage to the raceway surface and rolling elements. Even small traces and imperfections of these surfaces may cause a serious failure resulting in the bearing being excluded from further operation.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Electrical Machines Winding Technology and Transportation Electrification
The ever-increasing demand for higher-power dense electrical machines has resulted in different electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses, which can eventually cause machine failure. For this reason, the management of stresses and losses must be thoughtfully investigated to have a highly reliable electrical machine. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Open Radio Access Networks
The open radio access network (RAN) aims to bring openness and intelligence to the traditional closed and proprietary RAN technology and offer flexibility, performance improvement, and cost-efficiency in the RAN’s deployment and operation.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Grid-Forming Inverters
The electrical grid is predominantly characterized by synchronous generators (SGs). These generators provide a consistent voltage and frequency, facilitating the synchronization of VSIs and their connection at the point of common coupling (PCC) for injecting power into the main grid. These inverters operate as current sources and are known as grid-following inverters. The imperfections of grid-following inverters arise when the grid is absent, as this concept fails to produce instantaneous voltage and frequency set points. Therefore, this operating mode has been significantly modified, from following the grid to leading it. This concept is known as grid-forming (GFM) inverters, which can independently set up and keep the voltage and frequency within their nominal ranges without the need for the main grid.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Biography
Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
Supriyo Bandyopadhyay is Commonwealth Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University. He received a B. Tech degree in Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; an M.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois; and a Ph.D. degree in Electrical
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Streaming Electrification of Different Insulating Fluids
The comparison of different techniques used to assess the charging tendency of fluids is discussed depending on the flow type (planar or centrifugal), volume of oil, and interface material. The charge separation between the insulating fluid and metallic/pressboard interfaces is explained in terms of the electrical double layer formation involving a fixed layer and diffuse layer. Based on the experimental results, the streaming electrification is observed to be a function of various factors such as speed, temperature, electric field, and surface roughness. Depending on the molecular structure of insulating liquids that come into contact with solid insulation at the interface, the streaming current can increase; hence, a suitable additive (benzotriazole, fullerene, Irgamet 39) is selected based on the type of fluid and charge polarity. The degradation of the insulating liquid upon ageing, which increases the streaming current and reclamation of such aged fluids using adsorbents (Fuller’s earth, activated carbon, bentonite, and alumina), is a possible method to suppress the static current through improving its dielectric properties. The nanofluids show a higher streaming current compared to base fluid with no change observed even after the reclamation process. 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Navigation Aids for Visually Impaired
Morden Navigation aids for the visually impaired is an applied science for people with special needs. They are a key sociotechnique that helps users to independently navigate and access needed resources indoors and outdoors.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Bird Technologies
Bird provides radio frequency communication products, services, calibration and training for the public security, cellular networks, broadcasting, semiconductor, military, government and medical industries. Bird's product portfolio includes spectrum analyzers, antenna and cable testers, power sensors, power meters and monitors, wattmeters, attenuators, terminations and loads, cellular repeaters, signal boosters, distributed antenna systems (DAS), RF streaming solutions, RF signal generation, and RF software analysis tools. The company's core market segments are Coverage Enhancement, Off Air Testing, M2M Sensors and Test & Measurement. Bird sells its products online, as well as through a network of distributors and sales representatives worldwide.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System
In a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, the successive interference cancellation (SIC) procedure is typically employed at the receiver side, where several user’s signals are decoded in a subsequent manner. Fading channels may disperse the transmitted signal and originate dependencies among its samples, which may affect the channel estimation procedure and consequently affect the SIC process and signal detection accuracy. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have the capability to adapt to variations in channel between user and base station (BS); therefore, ML is regarded as a strong contender for future radio networks.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Graphene-Enabled Silicon-Based High-Speed Optoelectronic Devices
Silicon (Si) photonics has emerged as a prominent technology for meeting the escalating requirements of high-speed data transmission in optical communication systems. These systems need to be compact, energy-efficient, and capable of handling large amounts of data, driven by the advent of next-generation communication devices.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Coupled Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
There are two basic types of acoustic waves: SAW and BAW. When the acoustic wave is confined and travels at the interface between the substrate and the air, it is called a surface acoustic wave (SAW), like the ripples observed on the water surface hit by a stone. In contrast, a wave that propagates in the bulk of the material of the medium and exists in most of the volume of the media, is called a bulk acoustic wave (BAW), like a sound wave that travels through the air.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Jun 2022
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