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Topic Review
HMS Whiting (1812)
HMS Whiting, built in 1811 by Thomas Kemp as a Baltimore pilot schooner, was launched as Arrow. On 8 May 1812 a British navy vessel seized her under Orders in Council, for trading with the French. The Royal Navy re-fitted her and then took her into service under the name HMS Whiting. In 1816, after four years service, Whiting was sent to patrol the Irish Sea for smugglers. She grounded on the Doom Bar. When the tide rose, she was flooded and deemed impossible to refloat.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Geomatics Engineer
Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". Under another definition, it "consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic data". It includes geomatics engineering (and surveying engineering) and is related to geospatial science (also geospatial engineering and geospatial technology).
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Squeeze Flow for Welding Plastics
Squeeze flow (also called squeezing flow, squeezing film flow, or squeeze flow theory) is a type of flow in which a material is pressed out or deformed between two parallel plates or objects. First explored in 1874 by Josef Stefan, squeeze flow describes the outward movement of a droplet of material, its area of contact with the plate surfaces, and the effects of internal and external factors such as temperature, viscoelasticity, and heterogeneity of the material. Several squeeze flow models exist to describe Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids undergoing squeeze flow under various geometries and conditions. Numerous applications across scientific and engineering disciplines including rheometry, welding engineering, and materials science provide examples of squeeze flow in practical use.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Types of Fiber Optic Sensors
In the upcoming space revolutions aiming at the implementation of automated, smart, and self-aware crewless vehicles and reusable spacecraft, sensors play a significant role in the control systems. In particular, fiber optic sensors, with their small footprint and electromagnetic immunity, represent a great opportunity for aerospace applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Federation (Spacecraft)
Federation (Russian: Федерация, Federatsiya), formerly called PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System, Перспективная Пилотируемая Транспортная Система, Perspektivnaya Pilotiruemaya Transportnaya Sistema) is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially reusable piloted spacecraft. Until 2016 its official name was Пилотируемый Транспортный Корабль Нового Поколения, Pilotiruemyi Transportny Korabl Novogo Pokoleniya or PTK NP meaning "New Generation Piloted Transport Ship". The goal of the project is to develop a new-generation spacecraft to replace the aging Soyuz spacecraft developed by the former Soviet Union to support low Earth orbit and lunar operations. It is similar in function to the United States Orion spacecraft. The PPTS project was started following the failed attempt by Russia and the European Space Agency to co-develop the Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS), which until the middle of 2006 was known as the ACTS. Following this the Russian Federal Space Agency ordered the local space industry to finalize proposals for the new manned spacecraft. A firm development contract was awarded to RKK Energia on December 19, 2013. Federation will be capable of carrying crews of four into Earth orbit and beyond on missions of up to 30 days. If docked with a space station, it could stay in space up to a year, which is double the duration of the Soyuz spacecraft. The spacecraft will send cosmonauts to the moon orbit, with a plan to place a space station there.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Friction-plate Electromagnetic Couplings
Electromagnetic clutches and brakes operate electrically, but transmit torque mechanically. This is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical clutches or brakes. Over the years, EM became known as electromagnetic versus electro mechanical, referring more about their actuation method versus physical operation. Since the clutches started becoming popular over 60 years ago, the variety of applications and brake and clutch designs has increased dramatically, but the basic operation remains the same. This article is about the working principles of single face friction plate clutches and brakes. In this article, clutches and brakes are referred to as (mechanical) couplings.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Oct 2022
Biography
Jacques Dauphin
Jacques Dauphin (July 4, 1923 – April 1, 1994) was a French advertising pioneer[1] founder and CEO of Dauphin OTA. He is best known as the father of modern billboard advertising.[2][3][4] After graduating with a law degree from Faculte de droit de Paris and from HEC Paris, Jacques Dauphin re-opened the Parisian-based office created by his father Eugene Dauphin[5] in 1921 who closed it durin
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Galvanic Anode
A galvanic anode, or sacrificial anode, is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection (CP) system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion. They are made from a metal alloy with a more "active" voltage (more negative reduction potential / more positive electrode potential) than the metal of the structure. The difference in potential between the two metals means that the galvanic anode corrodes, so that the anode material is consumed in preference to the structure. The loss (or sacrifice) of the anode material gives rise to the alternative name of sacrificial anode.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Biography
Rick Nowlin
Rickey L. "Rick" Nowlin (born July 30, 1948) is a Natchitoches engineer, businessman, and politician who is the first ever president of the reorganized Natchitoches Parish government. A Republican, Nowlin defeated the Democrat Gerald "Jerry" Longlois in the nonpartisan blanket primary held for the new position on November 6, 2012. The election was held in conjunction with the U.S. presidential
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Milton Orville Thompson
Milton Orville Thompson (May 4, 1926 – August 6, 1993), (Lt Cmdr, USNR), better known as Milt Thompson, was an American naval officer and aviator, engineer, and NASA research pilot who was selected as an astronaut for the United States Air Force X-20 Dyna-Soar program in April 1960. After the Dyna-Soar program was cancelled on 10 December 1963, he remained a NASA research pilot, and went on to
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ghost Gun
A ghost gun is a term for a (typically) homemade firearm that lacks commercial serial numbers. The term is used mostly in the United States by gun control advocates, gun rights advocates, law enforcement, and some in the firearm industry. Because home-manufacture of firearms for personal use is not considered to fall under the federal government’s authority to regulate interstate (as opposed to intrastate) commerce, individuals making their own firearms are not subject to federal or state commercial background check regulations. Persons otherwise prohibited from owning firearms are still legally barred from the manufacture, transfer, or possession of firearms or ammunition, regardless of the method of manufacture or acquisition.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
HP 9800 Series
The HP 9800 is a family of what were initially called programmable calculators and later desktop computers that were made by Hewlett-Packard, replacing their first HP 9100 calculator. It is also named "98 line". The 9830 and its successors were true computers in the modern sense of the term, complete with a powerful BASIC language interpreter.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Data Management in Smart Grids
Given the importance of data for smart grids, proper management is required throughout its life cycle, ensuring added value, sustainability, and efficiency for stakeholders, and providing information and knowledge about the energy system’s operation and consumption practices. Therefore, data architecture facilitates the capture, storage, and processing of information to support data analysis models in smart microgrids. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Load Following Power Plant
A load following power plant, regarded as producing mid-merit or mid-priced electricity, is a power plant that adjusts its power output as demand for electricity fluctuates throughout the day. Load following plants are typically in-between base load and peaking power plants in efficiency, speed of start up and shut down, construction cost, cost of electricity and capacity factor.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Architecture of OkeyDoggy3D
The 2D pose is estimated from the multi-view RGB videos using the DeepLabCut model. Subsequently, the dog joint position-based dataset is prepared based on a camera calibration and triangulation using the Anipose algorithm by predicting the 3D pose from the 2D pose of the dog in a multi-view RGB video extracted using the DeepLabCut model.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bilayer Graphene
Bilayer graphene is a material consisting of two layers of graphene. One of the first reports of bilayer graphene was in the seminal 2004 Science paper by Geim and colleagues, in which they described devices "which contained just one, two, or three atomic layers"
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Additives to immobilize Heavy Metals
This experimental work assessed the efficiency of different additives (MWCNTs, montmorillonite and Portland cement) to immobilize the heavy metals lead, cooper, nickel and zinc in a soil in conditions similar to a real case scenario (percolation tests).  
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Nov 2020
Topic Review
OPALS
Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) is a spacecraft communication instrument developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) from 18 April 2014 to 17 July 2014 to demonstrate the technology for laser communications systems between spacecraft and ground stations. The purpose of OPALS is to do research into replacing traditional radio-frequency (RF) communications which are currently used on spacecraft. This will allow spacecraft to increase the rate at which data is downlinked by 10 to 100 times. It also will have less error than RF communication. It launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station to the ISS on 18 April 2014 on a Falcon 9 SpaceX CRS-3 Dragon capsule resupply.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Nov 2022
Biography
Russell W. Porter
Russell Williams Porter (December 13, 1871 – February 22, 1949) was an United States artist, engineer, amateur astronomer and Arctic explorer.[1] He was a pioneer in the field of “cutaway illustration"[2] and is sometimes referred to as the "founder"[3][4] or one of the "founders" of amateur telescope making."[5] Russell W. Porter, the youngest of five children, was born in 1871 Springfie
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
List of Gliders (A)
This is a list of gliders/sailplanes of the world, (this reference lists all gliders with references, where available) Note: Any aircraft can glide for a short time, but gliders are designed to glide for longer.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
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