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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
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| 1 | Vivi Li | -- | 1405 | 2022-11-01 01:33:45 |
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Federation (Russian: Федерация, Federatsiya), formerly called PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System, Перспективная Пилотируемая Транспортная Система, Perspektivnaya Pilotiruemaya Transportnaya Sistema) is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially reusable piloted spacecraft. Until 2016 its official name was Пилотируемый Транспортный Корабль Нового Поколения, Pilotiruemyi Transportny Korabl Novogo Pokoleniya or PTK NP meaning "New Generation Piloted Transport Ship". The goal of the project is to develop a new-generation spacecraft to replace the aging Soyuz spacecraft developed by the former Soviet Union to support low Earth orbit and lunar operations. It is similar in function to the United States Orion spacecraft. The PPTS project was started following the failed attempt by Russia and the European Space Agency to co-develop the Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS), which until the middle of 2006 was known as the ACTS. Following this the Russian Federal Space Agency ordered the local space industry to finalize proposals for the new manned spacecraft. A firm development contract was awarded to RKK Energia on December 19, 2013. Federation will be capable of carrying crews of four into Earth orbit and beyond on missions of up to 30 days. If docked with a space station, it could stay in space up to a year, which is double the duration of the Soyuz spacecraft. The spacecraft will send cosmonauts to the moon orbit, with a plan to place a space station there.
References
- http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/0,1518,443901,00.html
- "Manned spaceship design unveiled". BBC. 22 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7519723.stm.
- http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tks_followon.html
- Zak, Anatoly (April 2011). "PPTS - Prospective Piloted Transport System". Russian Space Web. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/ppts.html.
- Anatoly Zak (3 April 2009 ) "Russia to unveil spaceship plans" BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7980824.stm
- Anatoly Zak (29 April 2009) "Russia mulls rocket power 'first' " BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8024590.stm
- "Rus-M Launch Vehicle". Russian Space Web. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/ppts_lv.html.
- Sam Savage (17 March 2009). "Russia Reviews Bids For New Moon-Bound Space Rocket". redOrbit. http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1654903/russia_reviews_bids_for_new_moonbound_space_rocket/.
- Clark, Stephen (7 October 2011). "Replacement for Soyuz rocket canned by Russia". SpaceFlightNow. http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1110/07rusm/. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- Coppinger, Rob (19 July 2012). "Russia Converts Unmanned Rocket to Carry New Crewed Spaceship". Space.com. http://www.space.com/16658-russia-crew-spacecraft-angara-rocket.html. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's "new" next manned rocket". http://russianspaceweb.com/soyuz5-lv-ptk.html. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
- Zak, Anatoly. "Sunkar/Soyuz-5 gets a role in human space flight". http://russianspaceweb.com/soyuz5-lv-ptk.html. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
