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The Ecumene: A Research Program for Future Knowledge and Governance
The ecumene defines a beyond-border space of strong cultural encounters, flows, and merging, grounded within the traditions of world-systems, globalization, transnationalism, and cosmopolitanism discourses. Furthermore, the ecumene links directly with international regions as core political platforms in the making. As such, there are several ecumenes on the forefront, as evidenced by the literature, which can be clustered into ideal types. Epistemologically, it is a relevant concept and tool for a science-of-the-future that focuses on conviviality and transformation for the yet-to-come. Analytically, the ecumene has a descriptive, normative, and critical dimension, and can be empirically accessed through operational concepts such as triggers, hubs, and types of beyond-border conviviality. To apply the ecumene as a research program means to detect convivial common-sense spaces within the global context.
  • 2.8K
  • 04 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Human Power Production and Energy-harvesting
The maximal mechanical power produced by man, especially by large groups of people practicing sport or intense physical activity, has been proposed to be used for charge small electronic device or to partially sustain the power requirement of a gym. This practice can help to reduce carbon emissions.
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Threat (Computer)
In computer security, a threat is a potential negative action or event facilitated by a vulnerability that results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application. A threat can be either a negative "intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster event such as an earthquake, a fire, or a tornado) or otherwise a circumstance, capability, action, or event. This is differentiated from a threat actor who is an individual or group that can perform the threat action, such as exploiting a vulnerability to actualise a negative impact. A more comprehensive definition, tied to an Information assurance point of view, can be found in "Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems" by NIST of United States Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, or reputation), organizational assets, or individuals through an information system via unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of information, and/or denial of service. Also, the potential for a threat-source to successfully exploit a particular information system vulnerability. National Information Assurance Glossary defines threat as: Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact an IS through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of data, and/or denial of service. ENISA gives a similar definition: Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact an asset [G.3] through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, modification of data, and/or denial of service. The Open Group defines threat as: Anything that is capable of acting in a manner resulting in harm to an asset and/or organization; for example, acts of God (weather, geological events,etc.); malicious actors; errors; failures. Factor analysis of information risk defines threat as: threats are anything (e.g., object, substance, human, etc.) that are capable of acting against an asset in a manner that can result in harm. A tornado is a threat, as is a flood, as is a hacker. The key consideration is that threats apply the force (water, wind, exploit code, etc.) against an asset that can cause a loss event to occur. National Information Assurance Training and Education Center gives a more articulated definition of threat: The means through which the ability or intent of a threat agent to adversely affect an automated system, facility, or operation can be manifest. Categorize and classify threats as follows: Categories Classes Human Intentional Unintentional Environmental Natural Fabricated 2. Any circumstance or event with the potential to cause harm to a system in the form of destruction, disclosure, modification or data, and/or denial of service. 3. Any circumstance or event with the potential to cause harm to the ADP system or activity in the form of destruction, disclosure, and modification of data, or denial of service. A threat is a potential for harm. The presence of a threat does not mean that it will necessarily cause actual harm. Threats exist because of the very existence of the system or activity and not because of any specific weakness. For example, the threat of fire exists at all facilities regardless of the amount of fire protection available. 4. Types of computer systems related adverse events (i. e. , perils) that may result in losses. Examples are flooding, sabotage and fraud. 5. An assertion primarily concerning entities of the external environment (agents); we say that an agent (or class of agents) poses a threat to one or more assets; we write: T(e;i) where: e is an external entity; i is an internal entity or an empty set. 6. An undesirable occurrence that might be anticipated but is not the result of a conscious act or decision. In threat analysis, a threat is defined as an ordered pair, <peril; asset category>, suggesting the nature of these occurrences but not the details (details are specific to events). 7. The potential violation of security. 8. A set of properties of a specific external entity (which may be either an individual or class of entities) that, in union with a set of properties of a specific internal entity, implies a risk (according to a body of knowledge).
  • 2.8K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Conducting Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)
Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA is a lightweight insulating material that is known for its high Young's Modulus and good optical transmittance properties. Benefiting from these properties, there are recently vast interests to produce conducting PMMA for various applications including electronics, corrosion protective coatings,  diodes, sensors, and many more. Conducting PMMA is possible to produce by incorporating conducting polymers such as  polyaniline (PANi) by physical blending method or by co-polymerization technique. PANi has been the main choice to incorporate with PMMA due to its good conductivity, better environmental stability, and good redox reversibility. In addition, the limitations of PANi include poor adhesion, low mechanical stability and, limited solubility in most organic solvents can be surpassed by blending or co-polymerizing with thermoplastics such as PMMA.
  • 2.8K
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Almond, Hazelnut, Pistachio and their Skin
Nuts are dry, single-seeded fruits, with a combination of beneficial compounds that aid in disease prevention and treatment. Nuts’ skins are a good source of antioxidants thanks to the presence of polyphenolic compounds and other phytochemicals that can delay or inhibit lipid oxidation and neutralization of free radicals, contributing to disease prevention and treatments. Almond, hazelnut, pistachio are three very typical and common nuts.
  • 2.8K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lists of Elm Trees
Many elm (Ulmus) trees of various kinds have attained great size or otherwise become particularly noteworthy; among these are the following.
  • 2.8K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (usually referred to as the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, abbreviated MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road surface markings, and signals are designed, installed, and used. These specifications include the shapes, colors, and fonts used in road markings and signs. In the United States , all traffic control devices must legally conform to these standards. The manual is used by state and local agencies as well as private construction firms to ensure that the traffic control devices they use conform to the national standard. While some state agencies have developed their own sets of standards, including their own MUTCDs, these must substantially conform to the federal MUTCD. The National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD) advises the FHWA on additions, revisions, and changes to the MUTCD. The United States is among the many countries that have not ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The first edition of the MUTCD was published in 1935, 33 years before the Vienna Convention was signed in 1968. The MUTCD differs significantly from the European-influenced Vienna Convention, and an attempt to adopt several of the Vienna Convention's standards during the 1970s led to confusion among many American drivers.
  • 2.8K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Drone Network-Based Disaster Recovery
Communication establishment is crucial for rescue operations in disaster affected areas. A standard tool for communication is the use of cell phones. However, they can be useless in situations where the cellular network’s base stations are damaged in a disaster. A contemporary approach to re-establishing a communication network is by hosting base stations in drones. 
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  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Practical Methods for Liver Biology
Molecular and cellular research modalities for the study of liver pathologies have been tremendously improved over the recent decades. Advanced technologies offer novel opportunities to establish cell isolation techniques with excellent purity, paving the path for 2D and 3D microscopy and high-throughput assays (e.g., bulk or single-cell RNA sequencing). The use of stem cell and organoid research will help to decipher the pathophysiology of liver diseases and the interaction between various parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells. Furthermore, sophisticated animal models of liver disease allow for the in vivo assessment of fibrogenesis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for the preclinical testing of therapeutic strategies.
  • 2.8K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Sustainable Supply Chain Management in a Circular Economy
Since the mid-2010s, the circular economy has emerged as a key conceptual lever in corporate efforts to achieve greater environmental sustainability. Corporations have increasingly drawn upon the circular economy perspective in efforts to rethink sustainable supply chain management practices. This new corporate approach to sustainable supply chain management is evident in an emerging literature that has yet to be fully documented.
  • 2.8K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Rooftop Photovoltaic Power Station
A rooftop photovoltaic power station, or rooftop PV system, is a photovoltaic (PV) system that has its electricity-generating solar panels mounted on the rooftop of a residential or commercial building or structure. The various components of such a system include photovoltaic modules, mounting systems, cables, solar inverters and other electrical accessories. Rooftop mounted systems are small compared to ground-mounted photovoltaic power stations with capacities in the megawatt range, hence being a form of distributed generation. Most rooftop PV stations in developed countries are Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems. Rooftop PV systems on residential buildings typically feature a capacity of about 5 to 20 kilowatts (kW), while those mounted on commercial buildings often reach 100 kilowatts to 1 Megawatt (MW). Very large roofs can house industrial scale PV systems in the range of 1-10 Megawatts.
  • 2.8K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
"Home Improvement" Cast
Patricia Richardson, who played Jill Taylor, Tim’s wife, was a vital part of the "Home Improvement" cast. Her role as the grounded, supportive wife provided a counterbalance to Tim’s often over-the-top antics. Richardson’s portrayal of Jill was both relatable and endearing, showcasing her ability to blend humor with heartfelt emotion. Her character was pivotal in grounding the show’s more exaggerated elements, and her performance was instrumental in the show’s critical and commercial success.
  • 2.8K
  • 04 Sep 2024
Topic Review
Casein Micelles for Bioactives
Caseins and casein micelles are the most prevalent amphiphilic proteins that are widely used to make stabilised emulsions. Caseins can adsorb at the oil–water interface, thus having a high surface activity during homogenisation, processing and storage by preventing coalescence in emulsions under different conditions, such as pH, temperature, structure elasticity and aggregation. Because of these properties, casein is now used to deliver different hydrophobic bioactive in emulsion-based drug delivery systems.
  • 2.8K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
The Seed and the Metabolism Regulation
Seeds are the reproductive units of higher plants. They have a significant place in agriculture and plant diversity maintenance. Because they are dehydrated, they can remain viable in the environment for centuries. The dry seed is a metabolically inactive organism, but well organized to protect its components and enter intensive repair to restore metabolic activities upon imbibition for the completion of germination. 
  • 2.8K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Handover Management for Drone Networks
The drone, also known as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), is an autonomously flying aircraft controlled by an individual. The terms drone and UAV are used interchangeably here. Drones have attracted extensive attention for their environmental, civil, and military applications. Because of their low cost and flexibility in deployment, drones with communication capabilities are expected to play key important roles in Fifth Generation (5G), Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, and beyond. 6G and 5G are intended to be a full-coverage network capable of providing ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground, and underwater applications.
  • 2.8K
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Viral Video
A viral video is a video that becomes popular through a viral process of Internet sharing, typically through video sharing websites such as YouTube as well as social media and email. Viral videos may be serious, and some are deeply emotional, but many more are centered on entertainment and humorous content. They may include televised comedy sketches, such as The Lonely Island's "Lazy Sunday" and "Dick in a Box", Numa Numa videos, The Evolution of Dance, Chocolate Rain on YouTube; and web-only productions such as I Got a Crush... on Obama. Some eyewitness events have also been caught on video and have "gone viral" such as the Battle at Kruger. One commentator called the Kony 2012 video the most viral video in history (about 34,000,000 views in three days and 100,000,000 views in six days), but "Gangnam Style" (2012) received one billion views in five months and was the most viewed video on YouTube from 2012 until "Despacito" (2017).
  • 2.8K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Low-Cost Water Quality Sensors for IoT
In many countries, water quality monitoring is limited due to the high cost of logistics and professional equipment such as multiparametric probes. However, low-cost sensors integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) can enable real-time environmental monitoring networks, providing valuable water quality information to the public.
  • 2.8K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Centaurus
Centaurus, a prominent southern hemisphere constellation, is one of the largest and most recognizable constellations in the night sky. Named after the centaur Chiron from Greek mythology, Centaurus features the bright Alpha Centauri system, one of the closest star systems to Earth.
  • 2.8K
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Lithium Recovery from Lithium-Ion Battery
Lithium-ion batteries are becoming an integral part of renewable-based energy systems that helps to provide an efficient and greener solution for energy storage. LIBs have found their use in a variety of applications ranging from portable electronic devices to energy grid systems. Owing to the reduction in carbon dioxide emission and improved energy to fuel weight ratio, LIBs have also been widely used in electronic vehicles. LIBs have been especially desirable in this case due to their high charge to mass potential in comparison to other battery types. In the recent decade, the extensive use of LIBs has posed not only a great threat to the world’s lithium resource depletion but also the prevailing problem concerning the consumed and non-recycled LIBs. Hence, immediate attention to alleviate any danger to the ecosystems due to the release of harmful chemicals is required. 
  • 2.8K
  • 12 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Classroom Management
Classroom Management is a term teachers use to describe the process of ensuring that classroom lessons run smoothly without disruptive behavior from students compromising the delivery of instruction. The term also implies the prevention of disruptive behavior preemptively, as well as effectively responding to it after it happens. It is a difficult aspect of teaching for many teachers. Problems in this area causes some to leave teaching. In 1981, the US National Educational Association reported that 36% of teachers said they would probably not go into teaching if they had to decide again. A major reason was negative student attitudes and discipline. Classroom management is crucial in classrooms because it supports the proper execution of curriculum development, developing best teaching practices, and putting them into action. Classroom management can be explained as the actions and directions that teachers use to create a successful learning environment; indeed, having a positive impact on students achieving given learning requirements and goals (Soheili, Alizadeh, Murphy, Bajestani, Ferguson and Dreikurs). In an effort to ensure all students receive the best education it would seem beneficial for educator programs to spend more time and effort in ensuring educators and instructors are well versed in classroom management. Teachers do not focus on learning classroom management, because higher education programs do not put an emphasis on the teacher attaining classroom management; indeed, the focus is on creating a conducive learning atmosphere for the students (Eisenman, Edwards, and Cushman). These tools enable teachers to have the resources available to properly and successfully educate upcoming generations, and ensure future successes as a nation. According to Moskowitz & Hayman (1976), once a teacher loses control of their classroom, it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to regain that control. Also, research from Berliner (1988) and Brophy & Good (1986) shows that the time a teacher must take to correct misbehavior caused by poor classroom management skills results in a lower rate of academic engagement in the classroom. From the student's perspective, effective classroom management involves clear communication of behavioral and academic expectations as well as a cooperative learning environment.
  • 2.8K
  • 02 Nov 2022
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