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HandWiki. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28620 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28620. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28620 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 10). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28620
HandWiki. "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices." Encyclopedia. Web. 10 October, 2022.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Engineering:Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (usually referred to as the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, abbreviated MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road surface markings, and signals are designed, installed, and used. These specifications include the shapes, colors, and fonts used in road markings and signs. In the United States , all traffic control devices must legally conform to these standards. The manual is used by state and local agencies as well as private construction firms to ensure that the traffic control devices they use conform to the national standard. While some state agencies have developed their own sets of standards, including their own MUTCDs, these must substantially conform to the federal MUTCD. The National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD) advises the FHWA on additions, revisions, and changes to the MUTCD. The United States is among the many countries that have not ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. The first edition of the MUTCD was published in 1935, 33 years before the Vienna Convention was signed in 1968. The MUTCD differs significantly from the European-influenced Vienna Convention, and an attempt to adopt several of the Vienna Convention's standards during the 1970s led to confusion among many American drivers.

traffic control fhwa road markings

References

  1. Johnson, A.E. (1965). Johnson, A.E.. ed. "A Story of Road Signing". American Association of State Highway Officials: A Story of the Beginning, Purposes, Growth, Activities, and Achievements of AASHO (Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials): 129–138. 
  2. Hawkins, H. Gene; Parham, Angelia H.; Womack, Katie N. (2002). "Appendix A: Evolution of U.S. Pavement Marking System". NCHRP Report 484: Feasibility Study for an All-White Pavement Marking System. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board. pp. A-1—A-7. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_484.pdf. Retrieved August 10, 2020. 
  3. Fisher, Edward C. (1961). Vehicle Traffic Law (1967 supp. ed.). Evanston, Illinois: Traffic Institute, Northwestern University. p. 11. 
  4. American Association of State Highway Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (1971). "Section 3B-1, Center Lines". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 181. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Device/gL9_gp8TUuMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA181&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved July 21, 2020. 
  5. American Association of State Highway Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (1971). "Section 2D-3, Color, Reflectorization, and Illumination". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 84. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Device/gL9_gp8TUuMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA84&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved July 21, 2020. 
  6. "Symbols to Replace Words on U.S. Traffic Signs". The New York Times: p. 58. May 31, 1970. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/31/archives/symbols-to-replace-words-on-us-traffic-signs.html. 
  7. American Association of State Highway Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (1971). "Section 2A-13, Symbols". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 16. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Device/gL9_gp8TUuMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover. Retrieved July 21, 2020. 
  8. Lindsey, Robert (April 23, 1972). "Signs of Progress: Road Symbols Guiding Traffic". The New York Times: p. S22. https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/23/archives/signs-of-progress-road-symbols-guiding-traffic.html. 
  9. "Robert Conner, Ex-FHA Official, Dies of Cancer". The Washington Post. December 1, 1984. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/12/01/robert-conner-ex-fha-official-dies-of-cancer/944fa379-9484-4f5d-9aa6-dbd7ef53f6b3/. 
  10. Conniff, James C.G. (March 30, 1975). "Danger: Signs Ahead". The New York Times: p. 183. https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/30/archives/danger-signs-ahead-misleading-highway-signs-raise-blood-pressure.html. 
  11. Hazlett, Bill (March 23, 1972). "Some Confusing: Wordless Traffic Signs Popping Up". Los Angeles Times: p. E1. 
  12. American Association of State Highway Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (1978). "Section 2A-13, Symbols". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 2A-6. 
  13. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (2003). "Introduction". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/HTM/2003r1/intro/intro.htm. Retrieved August 26, 2020. 
  14. "Public Comments on new MUTCD". Regulations.gov. http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=FHWA-2007-28977. 
  15. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; National Joint Committee on Traffic Control Devices (2012). "Change List for Revision Numbers 1 and 2, Dated May 2012, to the 2009 Edition of the MUTCD". Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/htm/2009r1r2/mutcd2009r1r2cl.htm. 
  16. "National Standards for Traffic Control Devices; the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways; Revision". Federal Register. December 14, 2020. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/12/14/2020-26789/national-standards-for-traffic-control-devices-the-manual-on-uniform-traffic-control-devices-for. 
  17. "MUTCDs & Traffic Control Devices Information by State". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Federal Highway Administration. July 14, 2020. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/state_info/. 
  18. "List of Approved Requests for Interim Approval". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Federal Highway Administration. May 15, 2020. https://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/interim_approval/ialistreq.htm#ia10. 
  19. TAC http://www.tac-atc.ca/en
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