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Topic Review
Energy Consumption in Indonesia
Energy is globally needed in daily consumption and production activities in the industry, transportation, and agriculture sectors. As a natural resource, it is used for the prosperity of the community, hence, proper management is needed to ensure sustainable development. 
  • 274
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Energy Management for Techno-Economic Hybrid Microgrid Optimization
Integrating energy management techniques into renewable energy systems (RESs) improves microgrids’ energy efficiency and stability. This implementation reduces peak loads and energy costs by aligning consumption patterns with producing renewable energy sources.
  • 266
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Desulfurization and Denitrogenation to Prepare Clean Fuels
The removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds present in fuels is and will be crucial to accomplish actual strict regulations to avoid environmental and humanity health adversities. The conventional hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation processes conducted by refineries are limited due to severe operating conditions, and even more importantly, they are inefficient for simultaneously removing nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds in fuels.
  • 266
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Industrial Demand-Side Management Applications
The transition to sustainable energy sources presents significant challenges for energy distribution and consumption systems. Specifically, the intermittent availability of renewable energy sources and the decreasing usage of fossil fuels pose challenges to energy flexibility and efficiency. An approach to tackle these challenges is demand-side management, aiming to adapt energy consumption and demand. A key requirement for demand-side management is the traceability of the energy flow among individual energy consumers. 
  • 264
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Thermochemical Technologies for Olive Wood Biomass Energy Exploitation
The use of biomass can be a strategic way to realize a carbon-neutral energy plan, ensuring a fuel feedstock. Residual biomass arising from pruning is demonstrated to be an important energy resource in terms of quantity and quality.
  • 263
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Plasmon-Assisted Molecular Catalysis
The utilization of plasmonic nanomaterials in catalytic technologies is an emerging research field with foreseeable applications in energy-catalytic technologies. On this front, the coupling of plasmonic nanomaterials with molecular catalysts is a newly approached, thus far unexploited field.
  • 262
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Geoenvironmental Engineering
Energy harvesting (EH)—or energy scavenging—methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase in energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and the surrounding soil and water environment includes a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered wasted or unusable associated with soil dynamics; the stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. 
  • 259
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Evolving Nature of Thermal Conversion Process
The environment today is confronted by an unending cascade of global anthropogenic and ecosystem-based challenges. Biomass is considered to have the potential to be utilized as an alternative energy source. The conversion of the high carbon content of biomass through thermochemical treatment resulted in better fuel properties of biochar production. Understanding the underlying thermal conversion process principles alongside the associated/exhibited operational challenges that are specific to biomass types is crucial for beginners.
  • 259
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Synergistic Modulation of Transition-Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Efficient electrochemical energy conversion techniques play a crucial role in mitigating energy and environmental challenges by replacing fossil fuels and decarbonizing the power and transportation sectors. Synergistic modulation has been extensively explored to develop highly efficient transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) because coupling effects among intrinsic activity, conductivity, mass transfer, mass diffusion, and intermediates adsorption can further promote catalytic activity.
  • 259
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Footprint of Hydrogen Produced with Photovoltaic Electricity
The production of hydrogen as both chemical feed and energy carrier using low-carbon technologies is one of the solutions to reach net-zero emissions. The publications on the life-cycle assessment of photovoltaic (PV)-based hydrogen production focused on the carbon footprint are reviewed. The global warming potential (GWP) values of this H2 production process considering the state-of-the-art PV panels for installation in Italy are updated. 
  • 258
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Carriers
Hydrogen carriers are one of the keys to the success of using hydrogen as an energy vector. Indeed, sustainable hydrogen production exploits the excess of renewable energy sources, after which temporary storage is required. The conventional approaches to hydrogen storage and transport are compressed hydrogen (CH2) and liquefied hydrogen (LH2), which require severe operating conditions related to pressure (300–700 bar) and temperature (T < −252 °C), respectively. To overcome these issues, which have hindered market penetration, several alternatives have been proposed in the last few decades.
  • 253
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Transition
The renewable energy transition of oil- and gas-producing countries has specific peculiarities due to the ambivalent position of these countries in the global energy market, both as producers and consumers of energy resources. This task becomes even more challenging when the share of oil and gas in the country’s GDP is very high. These circumstances pose serious challenges for long-term energy policy development and require compromising decisions to better align the existing and newly created energy policies of the country. The scale, scope, and pace of changes in the transition process must be well balanced, considering the increasing pressure of economic and environmental factors.
  • 250
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biotechnological Valorization of Waste Glycerol into Gaseous Biofuels
The supply of waste glycerol is rising steadily, partially due to the increased global production of biodiesel. Global biodiesel production totals about 47.1 billion liters and is a process that involves the co-production of waste glycerol, which accounts for over 12% of total esters produced. Waste glycerol is also generated during bioethanol production and is estimated to account for 10% of the total sugar consumed on average. Therefore, there is a real need to seek new technologies for reusing and neutralizing glycerol waste, as well as refining the existing ones. Biotechnological means of valorizing waste glycerol include converting it into gas biofuels via anaerobic fermentation processes. Glycerol-to-bioenergy conversion can be improved through the implementation of new technologies, the use of carefully selected or genetically modified microbial strains, the improvement of their metabolic efficiency, and the synthesis of new enzymes.
  • 247
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gel Classifications
Gel materials are non-fluid colloidal or polymer networks saturated with liquid, exhibiting characteristics of solid materials as three-dimensional networks form within the liquid phase. Nanostructured gels provide a highly porous architecture with abundant defects, facilitating efficient mass transfer and offering opportunities for composition tunability in the generation of catalytic responsive materials. The ease of synthesis and functionalization of gel materials enables the production of hierarchical porous structures with high surface areas capable of hosting various catalysts, thereby enhancing mass transport during electrocatalysis processes.
  • 246
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Economics of Hydrogen Generation
Hydrogen is known as the lightest and the most abundant element. It supplies energy to fuel the stars and the Sun. It is considered non-toxic, odorless, colorless, highly combustible, and unpolluted.
  • 245
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Energy Technologies in Buildings
The building sector accounts for a significant proportion of global energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions. It is important to explore technological advances to curtail building energy usage to support the transition to a sustainable energy future. 
  • 225
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Transformation to Sustainable Energy System for Smart Cities
Transformation is a deliberate, carefully planned, complete reconstruction, the effects of which will be used in the long term. It usually concerns economic infrastructure, and its implementation requires a multifaceted approach for the solutions created. The term smart city is associated with the words livable, green, intelligent, low carbon, sustainable, digital, information, knowledge, resilient, eco, and ubiquitous. Targeting sustainable energy systems is now an integral element of smart-city operation.
  • 225
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin for Heat Transition
The heat transition is a central pillar of the energy transition, aiming to decarbonize and improve the energy efficiency of the heat supply in both the private and industrial sectors. On the one hand, this is achieved by substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy. On the other hand, it involves reducing overall heat consumption and associated transmission and ventilation losses. In addition to refurbishment, digitalization contributes significantly. Despite substantial research on Digital Twins (DTs) for heat transition at different scales, a cross-scale perspective on heat optimization still needs to be developed. DTs can across various scales, from individual buildings to entire urban areas, intending to advance the transition to sustainable heating.
  • 214
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biochemical CO2-to-X Transformation Pathways
Technologies to capture CO2 and use it as a feedstock to produce CO2-based chemicals and biofuels via chemical or biochemical conversion pathways can potentially reduce the amount of CO2 released. Cultivation of microalgae, an intermediate CO2-based product of microalgal biorefineries, is recognized as a promising decentralized alternative to capture and use CO2 emissions using biological transformation. Microalgal strains are generally cultivated in open raceways or closed (flat panel, tubular) cultivation systems. It is generally known that CO2, nutrients (mainly N compounds and phosphates), and sunlight as an energy source are needed for microalgal growth under photosynthetic reaction.
  • 211
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bioethanol Processing
The liquid biofuel bioethanol is extensively produced worldwide through the fermentation of sugars obtained from various raw materials, including lignocellulosic biomass, an abundant renewable resource. Due to its recalcitrant nature, lignocellulosic materials typically is pretreated using mechanical, chemical, physicochemical, or biological methods to enhance sugar recovery. The pretreated lignocellulosic biomass then undergoes a fermentation process, either sequentially or simultaneously with saccharification, resulting in the biofuel called second-generation ethanol. The ethanol yield is influenced by various fermentation strategies and conditions, such as inoculum concentration, medium agitation, temperature, and pH.
  • 206
  • 26 Jan 2024
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