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Topic Review
Pharmaceutical Service
Pharmaceutical services are activities of pharmacists in the healthcare system to obtain a measurable benefit, including providing access to high-quality medicinal products, subsequent rational management, as well as preventive medicine.
  • 900
  • 12 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL (high density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, and hypertension, is known to be a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is considered one of the most important preventable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, whose prevalence is increasing.
  • 893
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Machine&Deep Learning towards COVID-19
With many successful stories, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used in our everyday lives in a number of ways. They have also been instrumental in tackling the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19), which has been happening around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced COVID-19 epidemic has spread rapidly across the world, leading to international outbreaks. The COVID-19 fight to curb the spread of the disease involves most states, companies, and scientific research institutions. In this research, we look at the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based ML and DL methods for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, in the battle against COVID-19, we summarize the AI-based ML and DL methods and the available datasets, tools, and performance.
  • 892
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Undergraduate (UG) nursing students are vulnerable to stress throughout their education, known to result in burnout, with high attrition rates of up to 33%. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that mindfulness-based interventions are effective for the management of anxiety, depression and wellbeing, thereby reducing stress in healthcare provider populations. 
  • 890
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Aging of BM-MSCs
Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions.
  • 886
  • 06 May 2021
Topic Review
Fresh Umbilical Cord Blood
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells that can be used to replace bone marrow components. Many blood disorders and systemic illnesses are increasingly being treated with stem cells as regenerative medical therapy. Collected blood has been stored in either public or private banks for allogenic or autologous transplantation.
  • 874
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Last Four Decades' Viral Pandemics
The last four decades have witnessed some of the deadliest viral pandemics with far-reaching consequences. These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012), Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2019-present). Age- and gender-based characterizations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with regard to higher fatality rates in males, and in the older population with comorbidities. The invasion-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, involves binding of its spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors; MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whereas H1N1 influenza is equipped with hemagglutinin protein.
  • 873
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Conditions Determining Male Infertility
The lack of knowledge of the causes of impaired reproductive potential results in an inability to implement specific treatment, which is associated with the lack of positive outcomes (pregnancy). This review will make relevant environmental comparisons. It will allow an understanding of the importance of environmental factors in shaping the body's defense and capabilities in the field of reproductive condition. The results can be used in enhancing diagnosis and deciding on appropriate infertility treatment.
  • 864
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Organizational Health Literacy
The term organizational health literacy (OHL) is a new concept that emerged to address the challenge of predominantly in patients with limited health literacy (HL). 
  • 845
  • 09 Feb 2021
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Genomics
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great threat to public health, being a causative pathogen of a deadly coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has spread to more than 200 countries and infected millions of individuals globally. Although SARS-CoV-2 has structural/genomic similarities with the previously reported SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the specific mutations in its genome make it a novel virus. Available therapeutic strategies failed to control this virus. Despite strict standard operating procedures (SOPs), SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally and it is mutating gradually as well.
  • 835
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Propolis in Periodontal Disease
Propolis is a natural substance produced by bees which has proven useful for treating periodontal disease. 
  • 816
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide
Utility of vaccine campaigns to control coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is not merely de-pendent on vaccine efficacy and safety. Vaccine acceptance among the general public and healthcare workers appears to have a decisive role in the successful control of the pandemic.
  • 794
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Sexuality and Mental Health in Heterosexual Adolescents
During puberty and emerging sexuality, adolescents experience important physical, mental, and social transformations. In the process of dealing with these changes, adolescents can become potentially vulnerable to mental health problems. 
  • 794
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
CBD treatment during Covid-19 Pandemic
At the end of 2019, a new disease —COVID-19—was identified, and a few months later, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic. It is now known that SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and most confirmed infections are mild to moderate. The situation is particularly difficult for dentists due to the high risk of virus transmission in the dental surgery. Complications including, but not limited to, problems with the respiratory and cardiovascular systems have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Several changes in the coagulation system, such as lower platelet numbers or increased prothrombin time, as well as increased D-dimer and fibrinogen, were observed. This review is intended to systematize the knowledge on the treatment of patients with congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Extensive literature research was conducted into COVID-19 and the general medical and dental treatment of patients with CBD. Case studies, research results and recommendations of international societies were used in the study. The results of this research are presented in the form of recommendations for the treatment of patients with coagulopathies. It should be remembered that the impact of COVID-19 on the health condition of patients with CBD is unknown to date.
  • 789
  • 14 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Gender, Inequality and Commercial Determinants
Scholarship on the commercial determinants of health (CDoH) has sought to understand the multiple ways corporate policies, practices and products affect population health. At the same time, gender is recognised as a key determinant of health and an important axis of health inequalities. To date, there has been limited attention paid to the ways in which the CDoH engage with and impact on gender inequalities and health.
  • 783
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
First Ray Mobility
Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of first ray mobility. This new device has characteristics that make it possible to be used in daily clinical practice, such as simplicity, lightness, small size and ease of use. The results obtained suggest that the new instrument is valid and reliable.
  • 782
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Primary Healthcare
Total health expenditure in China has grown considerably since a new round of health system reform was enacted in 2009. Researchers have shown that strengthening primary healthcare may be an option for countries to solve the rapid expansion of their medical expenditures. This study was designed to explore the association between the strength of primary healthcare and medical expenditures, in the context of the hospital-oriented healthcare system in China. A longitudinal ecological study was conducted using a 5-year panel dataset of 27 provinces in mainland China. The linear mixed effects regression model was used to assess the effects of primary healthcare-related metrics on medical expenditures, controlling for the provincial level specialty care physician supply and socio-economic parameters. All of the three primary healthcare-related metrics showed negative associations with the two medical expenditure parameters. Primary care physicians per 10,000 population was significantly associated with the per capita hospital medical expenditures (p < 0.05), and the percentage of public health expenditure in total health expenditure was significantly associated with both per capita total medical expenditure and per capita hospital medical expenditures (p < 0.01 for both). Our study found negative associations between the primary healthcare capacity and medical expenditure in the context of hospital-oriented healthcare systems in China, adding to the previous evidence that primary healthcare may play a positive role in reducing medical expenditure. Policies on increasing the primary care physician supply and the public share of total health expenditure should be conducted to strengthen the primary healthcare system. With the gradual advance of medical reform and the policy inclination to primary healthcare, this will play a more important role in controlling the rapid growth of medical expenditure.
  • 774
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Communicable Diseases in Roma Communities
The Roma are Europe's largest minority. They are also one of its most disadvantaged, with low levels of education and health, and high levels of poverty. This entry focuses on Eastern and Central Europe, and summarises the findings of a review of 19 papers that describe communicable disease burden among the Roma. Roma in Eastern and Central Europe continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases than the majority populations of the countries they live in, and are at a high risk of infection.
  • 768
  • 26 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Older Adult Fall Prevention
Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or non-intentional deaths worldwide and are the most common problem as people age. The primary purpose of addressing falls is to detect, prevent, treat, and reduce their incidence and consequences. Previous studies identified that multifactorial programs, an interprofessional team, and assistive technology are required to address falls in older adults effectively. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: what are the scope, type of studies, and approaches and strategies to fall risk using technology in the existing occupational therapy literature regarding interventions to address the effects of falls in older adults on daily living? 
  • 765
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Intergenerationality Programs For Portuguese Population
The aging process is characterized by diverse and complex changes in the individual’s various dimensions, requiring continuous adaptation. In this sense, this transition can be faced from an active aging standpoint through strategies such as intergenerationality programs/projects, resulting in an active social participation and valorization that is so important to life in society. Portugal has undergone demographic changes, significantly transforming its age structure and populational dimension. In 2021, the aging index was 182.1%.
  • 759
  • 02 Dec 2022
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