Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
The Metabolomics
Metabolomics is a combined set of strategies to identify and quantify cellular metabolites using advanced analytical tools. This is typically achieved through the use of liquid or gas chromatography, which allows for the detection of individual metabolites through their specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and their fragmentation in a mass spectrometer. By matching detected metabolites against databases of known metabolites, it is possible to identify the specific metabolites altered by exercise in a biological sample.
  • 448
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Large Language Models in Nephrology
The integration of large language models (LLMs) into healthcare, particularly in nephrology, represents a significant advancement in applying advanced technology to patient care, medical research, and education. These advanced models have progressed from simple text processors to tools capable of deep language understanding, offering innovative ways to handle health-related data, thus improving medical practice efficiency and effectiveness. A significant challenge in medical applications of LLMs is their imperfect accuracy and/or tendency to produce hallucinations—outputs that are factually incorrect or irrelevant. This issue is particularly critical in healthcare, where precision is essential, as inaccuracies can undermine the reliability of these models in crucial decision-making processes. To overcome these challenges, various strategies have been developed. One such strategy is prompt engineering, like the chain-of-thought approach, which directs LLMs towards more accurate responses by breaking down the problem into intermediate steps or reasoning sequences. Another one is the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) strategy, which helps address hallucinations by integrating external data, enhancing output accuracy and relevance. Hence, RAG is favored for tasks requiring up-to-date, comprehensive information, such as in clinical decision making or educational applications. 
  • 436
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Renal Cancer Management with AI and Digital Pathology
Renal cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors with different histology, molecular characteristics, clinical outcomes and responses to treatment. The most common types are clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC) and chromophobe RCC (chRCC).
  • 423
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Foot-Detection Approach Based on Seven-Foot Dimensions
Unsuitable shoe shapes and sizes are a critical reason for unhealthy feet, may severely contribute to chronic injuries such as foot ulcers in susceptible people (e.g., diabetes patients), and thus need accurate measurements in the manner of expert-based procedures.
  • 417
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Traditional Chinese Medicine for Ischemic Stroke
Stroke is associated with the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability among human diseases, and ischemic stroke (IS) specifically accounts for over 80% of all stroke situations. Due to the rapidly growing and aging population, IS incidence increases dramatically with age, this disease has a substantial impact on both afflicted families and society at large. IS is characterized by localized ischemic and hypoxia necrosis of brain tissue caused by infarction and occlusion of cerebral arteries, which is often accompanied by significant physical and cognitive impairment.
  • 407
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Types of Breast Cancer Imaging
Cancer is an incurable disease based on unregulated cell division. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and early detection can lower death rates. Medical images can be used to find important information for locating and diagnosing breast cancer. The best information for identifying and diagnosing breast cancer comes from medical pictures.
  • 368
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Energy Harvesters
A rapidly expanding global population and a sizeable portion of it that is aging are the main causes of the significant increase in healthcare costs. Healthcare in terms of monitoring systems is undergoing radical changes, making it possible to gauge or monitor the health conditions of people constantly, while also removing some minor possibilities of going to the hospital. The development of automated devices that are either attached to organs or the skin, continually monitoring human activity, has been made feasible by advancements in sensor technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, nanotechnologies, and miniaturization being ultra-thin, lightweight, highly flexible, and stretchable. Wearable sensors track physiological signs together with other symptoms such as respiration, pulse, and gait pattern, etc., to spot unusual or unexpected events.
  • 354
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bioinformatics Analysis and Genetic Technologies for Glioblastoma Multiforme
As the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continues to carry a poor prognosis. GBM is characterized by cytoprotective homeostatic processes such as the activation of autophagy, capability to confer therapeutic resistance, evasion of apoptosis, and survival strategy even in the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. The gold standard of therapy, which involves radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), has been a game-changer for patients with GBM, relatively improving both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); however, TMZ is now well-known to upregulate undesirable cytoprotective autophagy, limiting its therapeutic efficacy for induction of apoptosis in GBM cells. The identification of targets utilizing bioinformatics-driven approaches, advancement of modern molecular biology technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)—CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) or CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and usage of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression led to the selection of many novel targets for new therapeutic development and the creation of promising combination therapies.
  • 351
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Primary Care
Primary care stands as a cornerstone in healthcare, serving as the first point of contact and managing the most significant number of patients in the United States and worldwide. AI can mimic human reasoning and behavior and handle the increasing volume of medical data within healthcare systems. Machine learning (ML) is the most common AI technique used.
  • 336
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Deep Learning-Based Data-Centric Approach for ASD Diagnosis
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that severely impairs the communication skills necessary for regular living. Most people with autism have mild difficulties but occasionally severe ones that necessitate specialized care. The accurate and early diagnosis of ASD is crucial for facilitating timely intervention and providing individualized care for affected individuals. Rapid advances in deep learning techniques have ushered in a new era of medical image analysis, particularly in the context of ASD detection using facial images.
  • 327
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Prompt Engineering in Medical Education
Prompt engineering is a systematic approach to effectively communicating with generative language models (GLMs) to achieve the desired results. Well-crafted prompts yield good responses from the generative language models (GLMs), while poorly constructed prompts will lead to unsatisfactory responses. Besides the challenges of prompt engineering, significant concerns are associated with using GLMs in medical education, including ensuring accuracy, mitigating bias, maintaining privacy, and avoiding excessive reliance on technology.
  • 308
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Pharmacological of Tectorigenin
Tectorigenin is a well-known natural flavonoid aglycone and an active component that exists in numerous plants. Growing evidence suggests that tectorigenin has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. These pharmacological properties provide the basis for the treatment of many kinds of illnesses, including several types of cancer, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.
  • 305
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of Acquired Cognitive Disorders
Virtual Reality (VR) is presented as a transformative tool that immerses individuals in interactive environments, offering promising opportunities for enhancing cognitive functions and improving quality of life.
  • 266
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Metabolic Connectome in Complex Diseases
The interconnectivity of advanced biological systems is essential for their proper functioning. In modern connectomics, biological entities such as proteins, genes, RNA, DNA, and metabolites are often represented as nodes, while the physical, biochemical, or functional interactions between them are represented as edges. Among these entities, metabolites are particularly significant as they exhibit a closer relationship to an organism’s phenotype compared to genes or proteins. Moreover, the metabolome has the ability to amplify small proteomic and transcriptomic changes, even those from minor genomic changes. Metabolic networks, which consist of complex systems comprising hundreds of metabolites and their interactions, play a critical role in biological research by mediating energy conversion and chemical reactions within cells. 
  • 248
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Large Language Models and Application in Nephrology
Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, are an emergent technology that uses machine learning to process and analyze human language. Initially designed to improve natural language understanding and generation, LLMs have begun to extend their applicability beyond text-based tasks like translation, summarization, or conversational agents. Chain-of-thought prompting can enhance the problem-solving capabilities of AI models, particularly in complex and nuanced fields like medicine. 
  • 221
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
AI in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis
Artificial intelligence (AI) exceptional capabilities, including pattern recognition, predictive analytics, and decision-making skills, enable the development of systems that can analyze complex medical data at a scale and precision beyond human capacity. AI has significantly impacted thyroid cancer diagnosis, offering advanced tools and methodologies that promise to revolutionize patient outcomes.
  • 216
  • 01 Nov 2023
Biography
Radha Ambalavanan
→ Proficient in utilizing comprehensive academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library.→ Over 14 years of experience in medical literature databases and research methods.→ Proficient in PRISMA guidelines for ethical biomedical research.→ Expertise in writing and formatting papers for academic journals.→ Familiarity with citation
  • 80
  • 26 Sep 2024
Topic Review
Duration and Side Effects of Tramadol
Tramadol is a painkiller that can stay in your body for different amounts of time depending on factors like your metabolism, age, and dosage. This article explains how long Tramadol stays in your system, what side effects you might experience, and important health issues to think about. We’ll cover how Tramadol can help with pain relief but also discuss the potential risks, including common side effects like dizziness or nausea, and the dangers of misuse or addiction. Understanding these points can help you use Tramadol safely and effectively.
  • 48
  • 31 Oct 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 3
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback