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Topic Review
RFID Technology and Main Components
RFID Technology is an automatic identification technology, which works through radio signals, retrieving and storing data remotely. It is used in hundreds, or perhaps even thousands, of applications with the aim of collecting data about objects in order to identify ways to solve everyday problems.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation therapy that eliminates the need for internal device implantation, presenting as a favorable therapeutic option. This method relies on electrical surface stimulation, bypassing the need for surgical procedures.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Advancements and Challenges in IoT and Network Simulators
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as an important concept, bridging the physical and digital worlds through interconnected devices. Although the idea of interconnected devices predates the term “Internet of Things”, which was coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, the vision of a seamlessly integrated world of devices has been accelerated by advancements in wireless technologies, cost-effective computing, and the ubiquity of mobile devices. In this regard, Cloud infrastructures are crucial for orchestrating and collecting data from these ubiquitous devices.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Wearable Travel Aids for Blind/Partially Sighted People
The ability to travel (independently) is very important for participation in education, work, leisure activities, and all other aspects of modern life. Blind and partially sighted people experience a number of barriers to travel, including inaccessible information and environments, and consequently require support from technology or other people to overcome them. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Blockchain-Enabled Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Within the paradigm of distributed ledger technology (DLT), the communication models and practices for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been revolutionized. VANETs introduce a network of self-organizing vehicles that act as mobile nodes. They confine the communication between vehicles and roadside units as V2V and V2R. They assists drivers in avoiding collisions, picking the shortest route on the basis of traffic optimization, identifying tolls and the nearest fuel stations, and in enhancing the safety of assets and lives. They facilitate the communication of vehicles across the network for real-time data transmission. They improve the road safety mechanism and provide instant alerts or information in order to concern the authorities in cases of emergency situations, such as rollovers, accidents, etc. The existing architecture of VANETs also exposes vulnerabilities, such as data sniffing, impersonation, and ransomware attacks.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Apr 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Safeguarding Traditional Crafts in Europe
This entry discusses the challenge of safeguarding crafts in Europe. Safeguarding is defined herein as the systematic process of understanding, representing, preserving, and valorizing crafts following the recommendations of UNESCO and the UN-World Tourism Organization. The abovementioned challenges are discussed through a multidisciplinary prism starting from the scientific challenges in the information and communication technologies sector and expanding the discussion to ethical, legal, and policy-making measures and recommendations to safeguard crafts as a form of tangible and intangible cultural heritage but also as a source of growth and impact for the communities that practice them. To this end, the role of education and training for craft preservation is discussed, considering that the declining number of practitioners and apprentices is considered today the main threat to their preservation.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sensors on IoT Systems for Urban Disaster Management
The occurrence of disasters has the potential to impede the progress of sustainable urban development. For instance, it has the potential to result in significant human casualties and substantial economic repercussions. Sustainable cities, as outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12, prioritize the objective of disaster risk reduction. According to the Gesi Smarter 2030, the Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a pivotal role in the context of smart cities, particularly in domains including smart grids, smart waste management, and smart transportation. IoT has emerged as a crucial facilitator for the management of disasters, contributing to the development of cities that are both resilient and sustainable. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Vision Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Classification
Citrus fruits are the second most important crop worldwide. One of the most important tasks is sorting, which involves manually separating the fruit based on its degree of maturity, and in many cases, involves a task carried out manually by human operators. A machine vision-based citrus sorting system can replace labor work for the inspection of fruit sorting.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Home Security and Automation with Voice Commands
With the rapid rise of digitalization in the global economy, home security systems have become increasingly important for personal comfort and property protection. The collaboration between humans, the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart homes can be highly efficient. Interaction considers convenience, efficiency, security, responsiveness, and automation.
  • 982
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Digital Twin Applications
Industrial Digital Twin (IDT) systems integrate physical and virtual data throughout a product life cycle.
  • 967
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Proxy Mobile IPv6/Auxiliary Advertisement of Neighbor Detection
The technique PMIPv6/AAND (Proxy Mobile IPv6/Auxiliary Advertisement of Neighbor Detection) would introduce a novel Multiple Virtual Interface (MVI) technique in PMIPv6 to enable multi-homing. The technique supports effective inter-technology handover and solves the LL-ID swapping problem. Additional flag fields, auxiliary advertisement of neighbor detection (AAND)) fields, i.e., ‘D’ and ‘R’ are displayed in PMIPv6 message format. The new technique is known as PMIPv6/AAND, adapted from F-PMIPv6.
  • 962
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Power Supply for Wearables with Task Offloading Capabilities
Task-offloading approaches can be efficiently combined with energy harvesting to address the issue of insufficient battery capacity and limited computation resources in IoMT devices and consequently increase the operating time of wearable devices. This is referred to as joint energy harvesting and task offloading. Using this technology, users can extract energy, convert it into useful energy, store it in the appropriate energy-storage device, and use that energy to perform the corresponding local computing and offloading tasks.
  • 953
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Safety and Security Issues in the IoT Domain
The Internet of Things (IoT), which is developing quickly, has continued to provide humanity with many advantages, including many applications crucial for security and safety. The assurance that IoT devices will not pose a risk to people or the environment is necessary to realise the full potential of IoT applications, particularly in high-consequence areas. To develop safe, secure, and dependable IoT systems, it is necessary to comprehend a wide range of safety and security issues across the IoT's architectural frameworks and levels. As a result, among other attributes of dependable IoT systems, this research outlines safety and security features.
  • 936
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
A Tangible VR-Based Interactive System for Intergenerational Learning
The recent years have witnessed striking global demographic shifts. Retired elderly people often stay home, seldom communicate with their grandchildren, and fail to acquire new knowledge or pass on their experiences.  Digital technologies based on virtual reality (VR) with tangible user interfaces (TUIs) were introduced into the design of a novel interactive system for intergenerational learning, aimed at promoting the elderly people’s interactions with younger generations.
  • 910
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Blockchain–Cloud Integration
Blockchain is a new and emergent technology that is expected to change the way current markets work. It is a distributed digital ledger and is decentralized. With the current working capacity of blockchain, it has the potential to be the operating system of smart cities. Blockchain is technology that is open source and distributed and is used to record transactions between parties. It provides a way to develop a system that is both verifiable and secured. Blockchain is open source, so different versions of blockchain are available on the market. Each version is developed depending upon the different needs of the various industries. Blockchain is neither owned nor singly controlled by any one authority. Blockchain technology is evolving at a swift pace. It started with Bitcoin, and now there are many types of blockchain. Organizations are developing different versions of blockchain depending upon their need and benefits.
  • 892
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Specifications of 5G Cell Search
5G Cell Search (CS) is the first step for user equipment (UE) to initiate communication with the 5G node B (gNB) every time it is powered ON. In cellular networks, CS is accomplished via synchronization signals (SS) broadcasted by gNB. 5G 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications offer a detailed discussion on the SS generation at gNB, but a limited understanding of their blind search and detection is available. 
  • 888
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Optical Convolutional Neural Networks
As a leading branch of deep learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is inspired by the natural visual perceptron mechanism of living things, showing great application in image recognition, language processing, and other fields. Photonics technology provides a new route for intelligent signal processing with the dramatic potential of its ultralarge bandwidth and ultralow power consumption, which automatically completes the computing process after the signal propagates through the processor with an analog computing architecture.
  • 862
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Emerging Technologies and Their Acceptance in Higher Education
Emerging technologies (ETs) are characterized as innovative technologies that provide an improvement over other traditional technologies in a specific area. These technologies are not at an adequate level of maturity, because they are still under development.
  • 846
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Robots and Complete Autonomy
As robotics technology advances, the question of whether robots will ever attain complete autonomy becomes increasingly relevant. While current robots possess impressive capabilities, there are still significant limitations to their autonomy. This research explores the current state of robotics technology and examines the challenges that must be overcome to achieve full autonomy.
  • 840
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Distributed and Localisation System for Crude Oil Pipelines
Crude oil leakages and spills (OLS) are some of the problems attributed to pipeline failures in the oil and gas industry’s midstream sector. Consequently, they are monitored via several leakage detection and localisation techniques (LDTs) comprising classical methods and, recently, Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems via wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
  • 787
  • 17 May 2023
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