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Topic Review
Smart Textile
The integration of electronic components in/onto conductive textile yarns without compromising textile qualities such as flexibility, conformability, heat and moisture transfer, and wash resistance is essential to ensuring acceptance of electronic textiles. One solution is creating flexible and stretchable conductive yarns that contain tiny surface-mounted electronic elements embedded at the fiber level.
  • 727
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Radio-Frequency Technologies and Microelectromechanical Systems
Electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) allow the measurement of training load (TL) and collective behavior in team sports so that match performance can be optimized. Despite the frequent use of radio-frequency (RF) technology (i.e.,global positioning navigation systems (GNSS) global positioning systems (GPS)) and, local position systems (LPS)) and MEMS in sports research, there is no protocol that must be followed, nor are there any set guidelines for evaluating the quality of the data collection process in studies. Thus, this study aims to suggest a survey based on previously used protocols to evaluate the quality of data recorded by RF technology and MEMS in team sports.
  • 726
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Multimedia and Edge Information Processing
The advancements and progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, and the numerous availabilities of mobile devices and Internet technologies together with the growing focus on multimedia data sources and information processing have led to the emergence of new paradigms for multimedia and edge AI information processing, particularly for urban and smart city environments. Compared to cloud information processing approaches where the data are collected and sent to a centralized server for information processing, the edge information processing paradigm distributes the tasks to multiple devices which are close to the data source. Edge information processing techniques and approaches are well suited to match current technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and autonomous systems, although there are many challenges which remain to be addressed. 
  • 726
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Scheduling for Short-Term Load Forecasting
At electrical power distribution networks, energy is consumed at the same time as it is generated, since its storage is unfeasible on large scale. Therefore, load forecasting is required by Transmission System Operators (TSO) to manage energy grid operations and supplies. Load forecastings are required very often everyday, then a lot of prediction calculations are executed during every forecasting interval. In Europe, owing to directives and new technologies, prediction systems will change from hour to quarter-hour intervals. Therefore, a predictive system may not have enough time to compute all future forecasts. If all future intervals cannot be predicted by a forecasting load system, it will need a daily schedule to decide which future intervals will be forecasted at every moment of the day.
  • 725
  • 21 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Network-Based Hardware Accelerators
Many practical data-processing algorithms fail to execute efficiently on general-purpose CPUs (Central Processing Units) due to the sequential matter of their operations and memory bandwidth limitations. To achieve desired performance levels, reconfigurable (FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array)-based) hardware accelerators are frequently explored that permit the processing units’ architectures to be better adapted to the specific problem/algorithm requirements. In particular, network-based data-processing algorithms are very well suited to implementation in reconfigurable hardware because several data-independent operations can easily and naturally be executed in parallel over as many processing blocks as actually required and technically possible.
  • 724
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
3D Placement of a New Tethered UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an essential component in many wireless communication systems because of their rapid deployment, mobility, and flexibility.
  • 719
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Coupled Dynamic Performance of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) have attracted more and more attention. Environmental loads on FOWTs have higher complexity than those on the traditional onshore or fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines. In addition to aerodynamic loads on turbine blades, hydrodynamic loads also act on the support platform. The primary coupling method is based on the combination of BEM theory and potential flow theory, which can simulate the performance of the FOWT system under normal operating conditions but has certain limitations in solving the complex problem of coupled FOWTs. The more accurate and reliable CFD method used in the research of coupling problems is still in its infancy.
  • 717
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Induction Heater
An induction heater is a key piece of equipment used in all forms of induction heating. Typically an induction heater operates at either medium frequency (MF) or radio frequency (RF) ranges. Four main component systems form the basis of a modern induction heater
  • 716
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Faults in a Photovoltaic System
Photovoltaic systems are prone to breaking down due to harsh conditions. In photovoltaic systems, various types of faults can cause power loss in some way. To improve the reliability of these systems, diagnostic methods using Machine Learning (ML) have been developed. 
  • 714
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Framework of Efficient Energy Management System
The traditional power system is inefficient because it entirely depends on fossil fuels, and having centralized generation that is far away from consumers. In these circumstances, the generated electricity needs to be transmitted and distributed to consumers via transmission and distribution lines over long distances, spending many resources on construction, maintenance of all systems involved and high levels of technical losses. In smart grid, energy management is an indispensable for reducing energy cost of consumers while maximizing user comfort and alleviating the peak to average ratio and carbon emission under real time pricing approach.
  • 713
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Off-Road Detection Analysis for Autonomous Ground Vehicles
When it comes to some essential abilities of autonomous ground vehicles (AGV), detection is one of them. In order to safely navigate through any known or unknown environment, AGV must be able to detect important elements on the path. Detection is applicable both on-road and off-road, but they are much different in each environment. The key elements of any environment that AGV must identify are the drivable pathway and whether there are any obstacles around it. Many works have been published focusing on different detection components in various ways.
  • 713
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Optical Fibre Ethanol Sensors
Optical Fibre Sensors offer a novel and elegant solution to the problem of detection of ultra- low level ethanol concentration in fluids such as biofuels. A wide variety of optical methods exist for accurately determining ethanol concentration, even in the presence of potentially interfering contaminant species. Ethanol has become a key chemical, used in a growing number of modern industrial processes and consumer products. Its accurate measurement is therefore becoming an increasingly significant goal for stakeholders involved in future commercial development as well as academic research.
  • 710
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Isolated Micro-Grid Composition
The isolated micro-grid system can be composed of a variety of energy sources such as the Photovoltaic generator, the wind system, a methanation system, possibly even a hydraulic generator in such farm places. All these energy sources must be connected to serve the load part and when there is excessive production of electrical energy, an electrical storage system must appear.
  • 708
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Pennsylvania
In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased dramatically, as numerous manufacturers now have vehicles competing in the United States EV market. The state of Pennsylvania has focused some legislation on the spread of EVs as it plans to further decrease its carbon emissions in the transportation sector. Infrastructure updates including fast charging stations, sales and tax incentives are being rolled out to help facilitate this growth. In addition, there are also some alternatives to EV's that are more fuel efficient than traditional gasoline powered vehicles.
  • 708
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ultra-Wideband Antenna on a Polymeric Substrate
The design, simulation, realization, and measurement of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna on a polymeric substrate have been realized. The UWB antenna was prepared using conventional technology, such as copper etching; inkjet printing, which is regarded as a modern and progressive nano-technology; and polymer thick-film technology in the context of screen-printing technology. The thick-film technology-based UWB antenna has a bandwidth of 3.8 GHz, with a central frequency of 9 GHz, and a frequency range of 6.6 to 10.4 GHz. In addition to a comparison of the technologies described, the results show that the mesh of the screens has a significant impact on the quality of the UWB antenna when utilizing polymeric screen-printing pastes.
  • 704
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing in various sectors of photovoltaic (PV) systems, due to the increasing computational power, tools and data generation. 
  • 703
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Mobile Energy Storage for Enhancing Power Grid Resilience
Natural disasters can lead to large-scale power outages, affecting critical infrastructure and causing social and economic damages. These events are exacerbated by climate change, which increases their frequency and magnitude. Improving power grid resilience can help mitigate the damages caused by these events. Mobile energy storage systems, classified as truck-mounted or towable battery storage systems, have been considered to enhance distribution grid resilience by providing localized support to critical loads during an outage. 
  • 703
  • 02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Lead Halide Perovskites Opto-Electronic Devices
In Lead Halide Perovskites Opto-Electronic Devices, we will discuss the development in the LHP-based functional devices in recent years. After a brief presentation of the LHP's properties, we will focus on the functional devices including lasers, photodetectors, and modulators. Then the fabrication of the LHP-based devices will be presented, which is followed by the summary and outlook.
  • 698
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
IoT-Based Visualisation Platforms for Tracking Household Carbon Footprints
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases are the main causes of global climate change. This phenomenon impacts natural and human systems around the world through the rising global average surface temperature, extreme weather, changes in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. However, this concept is alien to most people in developing countries. They are also unaware of the connection between energy efficiency and climate change. This dearth of knowledge makes them opt for highly inefficient appliances. Internet of Things (IoT)-based visualisation platforms for tracking household carbon footprints (CFs) have been seen as a good concept for combating this global phenomenon; however, there are potential challenges and ethical restrictions that must be addressed when implementing platforms for tracking household CFs. 
  • 698
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanogrid Architectures, Control, and Converters
Environmental issues and the global need to extend sustainable access to electricity have fostered a huge amount of research in distributed generation by renewables. The challenges posed by the widespread deployment of distributed generation by renewables, such as intermittent power generation, low inertia, the need for energy storage, etc., call for the development of smart grids serving local specific areas or buildings, referred to as microgrids and nanogrids, respectively. This has led in the last decades to the proposal and actual implementation of a wide variety of system architectures and solutions, and along with that the issue of the power converters needed for interfacing the AC grid with DC micro- or nanogrids, and for DC regulation within the latter. 
  • 697
  • 08 Feb 2023
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