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Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors
The main protease (M-pro) or 3C-like protease of coronaviruses plays an essential role in virus replication. This protease contributes to the cleavage of the ppa1a and pp1ab polyproteins to produce several non-structural proteins, including M-pro itself. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 M-pro enzyme has been extensively studied, and its inhibitors are promising effective drugs for fighting against SARS-CoV-2. The first attempts to discover SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors used previously developed protease inhibitors or tried to repurpose drugs from other diseases. Covalent inhibitors form a covalent bond, usually with catalytic Cys145. Non-covalent inhibitors bind by non-covalent interactions at the active site of the enzyme, inhibiting its function.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mutations of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a rare genetic metabolic disease of the bone system with an autosomal dominant or a recessive type of inheritance. There are also X-linked forms and sporadic cases of this disease. The frequency of the disease in general varies from 1:15,000 to 1:20,000.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by-Products
The demand and price of feed/feed stuffs was greatly altered after the COVID-19 crisis, showing great interest on depends on local feed stuffs and a decrease in the imported ones. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a common crop in arid and semiarid regions for production of date fruits. Several by-products, such as whole cull dates, date stones (also called pits, seeds, kernels), sugar-extracted date pulp, are produced from date fruit processing industries. These by-products, particularly date stone meal represent 10 to 20% of the whole dates are wasted, causing environmental issues. However, the date stone is rich in various nutrients, such as nitrogen-free extract, fiber, fat, and minerals, which could be used as an alternative feed source in poultry nutrition. However, the high fiber content in date stone meal restricts its use in poultry diets. Whole date wastes and date pulp have lower protein, fiber and fat content than those in date stone meal.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
RNAi Crop Protection
RNAi technology is a versatile, effective, safe, and eco-friendly alternative for crop protection. There is plenty of evidence of its use through host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and emerging evidence that spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) techniques can work as well to control viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, and nematodes. For SIGS, its most significant challenge is achieving stability and avoiding premature degradation of RNAi in the environment or during its absorption by the target organism.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Medicinal Mushroom Therapeutic Use
Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Phycoremediation
The microalgae-based wastewater treatment process is one of the most promising technologies for the treatment and nutrient recovery of wastewaters from various sources (industrial, municipal, and agricultural): microalgae could be adapted to a variety of water bodies, can be extensively used to treat effluents, and could provide a tertiary biotreatment coupled with the production of potentially valuable biomass.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Dam-Foetus Interaction
Dam-foetus interaction through the placenta guarantees the survival of the foetus.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mushrooms for Soil Improvement
The main fields in which mushroom cultivation could improve soil quality may include (1) soil erosion control, (2) improving soil aggregates, (3) increasing soil organic matter, (4) enhancing soil nutrition, (5) promoting C, and NPK cycling, and (6) the bioremediation of polluted soils.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
New Trends in Aquaculture Feed Production
Fish plays a crucial role in global human nutrition as a source of essential nutrients. Marine-derived ingredients (fishmeal and fish oil) are of critical importance in fish feed production. Fishmeal primarily provides protein for fish growth but is also a valuable source of micro-nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and lipids. In addition, fishmeal contributes to improved feed digestibility and palatability, particularly in weaning diets for many species. 
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Blanford's Fox
Blanford's Fox (Vulpes cana) is a captivating small carnivore found in arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and South Asia. Recognizable for its distinctive large ears and sandy-colored fur, this fox species is well-adapted to its desert habitat. Despite its elusive nature, Blanford's Fox plays a vital role in its ecosystem as a predator of small mammals and birds, contributing to the balance of desert food webs.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Bovine Mastitis
Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease affecting cows worldwide. Reduced milk production, changes in milk composition, discarded milk, higher replacement costs, additional labour, care costs and veterinarian services all add to substantial economic losses for dairy farmers and the milk processing sector. The risk factors that predisposes dairy cows to mastitis may be classified as cow-related, microorganism-related or management-practices-related risk factors.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Phage Therapy in Aquaculture Management
Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called as phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Microbiological Food Safety of Seaweeds
The use of seaweeds in the human diet has a long history in Asia and has now been increasing also in the western world. Concurrent with this trend, there is a corresponding increase in cultivation and harvesting for commercial production. Edible seaweed is a heterogenous product category including species within the green, red, and brown macroalgae. Moreover, the species are utilized on their own or in combinatorial food products, eaten fresh or processed by a variety of technologies. 
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress
Modern dairy cows have elevated internal heat loads caused by high milk production, and the effects of accumulating incremental heat are exacerbated when temperature and humidity increases in the surroundings. To shed this additional heat, cows initiate a variety of adaptive mechanisms including increased respiration rate, panting, sweating, vasodilatation, reduced milk yield, and decreased reproductive performance. Hormonal changes based on reciprocal alterations to the energetic metabolism are particularly accountable for reduced efficiency of the dairy production under the heat stress. As animals experience negative energy balance; glucose, which is also a precursor of milk lactose, becomes the preferential energy fuel. In the absence of proper mitigations, heat stress possesses potential risk of economic losses to dairy sector. Besides physical measures for the timely prediction of the actual heat stress coupled with its proper amelioration, nutritional mitigation strategies should target modulating energetic metabolism and rumen environment.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Keratin-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers
Keratin is a structural protein of mammalian tissues and birds, representing the principal constituent of hair, nails, skin, wool, hooves, horns, beaks, and feathers, and playing an essential role in protecting the body from external harassment. Due to its intrinsic features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, responsiveness to specific biological environment, and physical-chemical properties, keratin has been extensively explored in the production of nanocarriers of active principles for different biomedical applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Low-Rank Coal as Humic Substances
Humic substances (HS), as important environmental components, are essential to soil health and agricultural sustainability. The usage of low-rank coal (LRC) for energy generation has declined considerably due to the growing popularity of renewable energy sources and gas. However, their potential as soil amendment aimed to maintain soil quality and productivity deserves more recognition.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Quantitative Epigenetics
Epigenetic modifications modulate gene expression without any change in genomic DNA sequences that affects multiple aspects of plant growth and development 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Genus Brachystelma (Apocynaceae)
The Brachystelma genus (family: Apocynaceae) consists of geophytes that are traditionally utilised among rural communities, especially in East Africa, southern Africa, West Africa, and northern and western India. Apart from being used as a food source, they are indicated as treatment for ailments such as colds, chest pains, and wounds. This review provides a critical appraisal on the ethnobotanical uses, nutritional value, phytochemical profiles, and biological activities of Brachystelma species.
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cows’ Milk Allergy-Associated Constipation
Constipation is a very common disorder, mostly functional in nature, that may persist for years in up to 35–52% of children. Food allergy prevalence, severity and persistence are increasing over time, and cows’ milk protein is the commonest food allergen recognised to affect gastrointestinal motility in children. There is mounting evidence of the role of cows’ milk (CM) allergy (CMA) in children with constipation.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Progesterone on Plant Growth and Development
Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is synthesized in the ovaries, placenta, and adrenal glands. The regulation of progesterone on plant growth is concentration-dependent. For example, low progesterone concentrations (0.01–1 μM) stimulate hypocotyl elongation, while high concentrations (100 μM) inhibit hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Oct 2022
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