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Topic Review
Battery Life Prediction Methods Based on Electrochemical Models
Remaining useful life prediction is of great significance for battery safety and maintenance. The remaining useful life prediction method, based on a physical model, has wide applicability and high prediction accuracy, which is the research hotspot of the next generation battery life prediction method. An electrochemical model is a model built by simulating the electrochemical reaction process of a battery. It describes the laws of the cell from the point of view of internal physical and chemical processes including kinetic parameters, mass conversion processes, thermodynamic properties, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of materials.
  • 487
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Overcoming the Challenges of Implementing Renewable Energy
The transition to renewable energy is essential for reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. However, implementing renewable energy on a large scale is not without challenges. This research explores the key challenges associated with implementing renewable energy on a large scale, including intermittency, energy storage, infrastructure, policy barriers, security risks, and political issues. In addition, this research discusses potential solutions to these challenges, such as advancements in energy storage technology, improvements in infrastructure, supportive policies and regulations, and the role of IoT, AI, and blockchain technology. The research also provides recommendations for policymakers to facilitate the transition to renewable energy on a large scale. Finally, the research highlights some open challenges and future directions for the deployment of renewable energy technologies.
  • 487
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Binary Power Cycles in Russia
The most effective and environmentally safe fossil fuel power production facilities are the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) ones. Electric efficiency of advanced facilities is up to 58% in Russia and up to 64% abroad. The further improvement of thermal efficiency by increase of the gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is limited by performance of heat resistance alloys that are used for the hot gas path components and the cooling system efficiency. An alternative method for the CCGT efficiency improvement is utilization of low potential heat of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) exhaust gas in an additional cycle operating on a low-boiling heat carrier. 
  • 484
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Increasing Growth of Renewable Energy
The growth of renewable energy actively takes part in decarbonizing the fossil-fuel-based energy system. It reduces carbon emissions, carbon footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions and increases clean energy. The usage of renewable resources reduces and solves several problems, such as increasing temperature, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy waste. Every sector contributes to increasing the above-mentioned factors in the environment. One of the main reasons for this biodegradation and climate change is energy resources. Using renewable energy instead of fossil fuel can solve the problem. This text aims to find open research problems about the application of renewable energy and to initiate new innovative ideas regarding renewable energy. A detailed state of the art includes trends for renewable energy resources, their theoretical evolution, and practical implementations. Methodologies used for decision analysis in renewable energy are discussed in detail. The time frame for this analysis of renewable energy is 2010 to >2022. An extensive literature review finds a huge research scope in applying renewable energy in other research, such as logistics, smart production management, and advanced inventory management. Then, major changes in the profit/cost of that system due to renewable energy can be analyzed. This text proposes some innovative new ideas related cost formulas for renewable energy for the corresponding open problems.
  • 483
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Energy Development: History and Progress
Sustainable energy development (SED) is a crucial component of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), aiming to maintain economic and social progress while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change’s effects. SED serves as a transition paradigm for sustainable development, providing a blueprint for energy peace and prosperity for people and all uses.
  • 483
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Selecting Suitable Battery Technologies for Untethered Robots
Energy storage is one of the major barriers to achieve long-duration autonomy in robots. This entry evaluates the capabilities of relevant battery technologies, taking into consideration the requirements of different applications in robotics. We also discuss additional technologies that can be used to overcome the inherent limitations of the most common battery chemistries.
  • 475
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
New Energetic Cocrystals
Cocrystallization refers to the orderly modification of the molecular structure of two or more elemental crystals without deteriorating the original bonding structure of the constituent crystals. The orderly arrangement of heterogeneous molecules having a fixed stoichiometry is the quintessence of cocrystallization. The resultant product thus formed is termed a ‘cocrystal’ and if one of the constituent crystals is an energetic material, the consequent cocrystalized product is called an ‘energetic cocrystal’ (ECC). ECCs are synthesized in an attempt to bridge the energy–safety contradiction of energetic materials (EMs),, and have this as one of their core objectives. For synthesis of an ECC, it is not necessary to synthesize a new energetic material; an existing EM can also be cocrystalized to form an ECC for appropriate applications. Cocrystallization, therefore, is a useful method for tuning the properties of Ems and producing designer, target-oriented EMs.
  • 469
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cheese Whey for Producing Renewable Biofuels
Agro-industrial residues such as bagasse, pomace, municipal residues, vinasse and cheese whey are an environmental problem around the world, mainly due to the huge volumes that are generated because of the food production to satisfy the nutritional needs of the growing world population. Among the above residues, cheese whey has gained special attention because of its high production with a worldwide production of 160 million tons per year. Most of it is discarded in water bodies and land causing damage to the environment due to the high biological oxygen demand caused by its organic matter load. The environmental regulations in developing countries have motivated the development of new processes to treat transform cheese whey into added-value products such as food supplements, cattle feed and food additives. 
  • 469
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Critical Energy Issues
The impact of energy related to issues, such as energy poverty, energy transition, and energy security has been heavily debated. The concept of energy poverty is considered, in general terms, as being unable to have access to regular and sufficient energy due to high cost or a lack of proper infrastructure. The definition provided by the International Energy Agency states that energy security is having uninterrupted access to energy sources at affordable prices. The concept of energy transition means a transition to clean energy. However, there are concerns that some policies that push toward environmentally sustainable energy can decrease economic development and increase poverty.
  • 467
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Functional Fiber-Based Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
The quality of human life has improved thanks to the rapid development of wearable electronics. Previously, bulk structures were usually selected for the fabrication of high performance electronics, but these are not suitable for wearable electronics due to mobility limitations and comfortability. Fibrous material-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can provide power to wearable electronics due to their advantages such as light weight, flexibility, stretchability, wearability, etc. Fiber materials, multiple fabrication methods, and fundamentals of TENGs are described. Moreover, advances in functional fiber-based wearable TENGs are introduced. Furthermore, the challenges to functional fiber-based TENGs are discussed, and possible solutions are suggested. Finally, the use of TENGs in hybrid devices is introduced for a broader introduction of fiber-based energy harvesting technologies.
  • 464
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Fuel Cell Products for Sustainable Transportation
Hydrogen and fuel cells have gained attention as a viable alternative energy system. In general, fuel cells work with fuels like hydrogen, methanol, or natural gas to convert the chemical energy in the fuel into direct current (DC) without intermediate combustion, as is the case with conventional engines. Their improved efficiency and minimal emissions make fuel cells a candidate for a sustainable source of energy technology for the future. The type of fuel cell, costs of raw materials, and methods of manufacturing determine the fuel cell market and hence the transition towards the hydrogen economy.
  • 457
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Energetic Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Lignocellulosic biomass, derived from plant cell walls, has gained significant attention as a promising renewable energy source due to its abundance, low cost, and potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable and carbon-neutral energy solutions has driven extensive research on the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable energy products. This biomass type is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with each component presenting unique challenges and opportunities for effective valorization. The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass involves a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert its complex structure into high-energy-density fuels and chemicals.
  • 457
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Green Energy AI Taxonomy
There is a growing demand for Green AI (Artificial Intelligence) technologies in the market and society, as it emerges as a promising technology. Green AI technologies are used to create sustainable solutions and reduce the environmental impact of AI. 
  • 457
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Physical and Market Structure of Peer-to-Peer Trading Networks
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a distributed self-organising network that does not need to have central nodes, and each node can act as either a server or a client at any given time. The evolution of DERs and the principles of peer-to-peer networks have given rise to interest in the concept of P2P energy trading networks. In a P2P energy trading network, there are no intermediate energy suppliers. People are encouraged to share their energy surplus directly with their local communities. The energy surplus will be sold at an export price, and the additional electricity demand can be encouraged by a cheaper-than-normal retail price.
  • 454
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Waste and Waste-to-Energy Technologies
A World Bank report estimated that 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated worldwide annually, and this is expected to increase to about 3.4 billion tonnes by the year 2050. Waste incineration with energy recovery is a waste-to-energy (WtE) technology which has been established to be an appropriate method of dealing with MSW worldwide.
  • 451
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Oxy-Fuel Combustion Technology for Electricity and Hydrogen Production
Modern trends in improving environmental safety have determined the urgency in creating innovative technologies that allow the production of electricity and hydrogen without the emission of harmful substances. However, at the moment, there are not so many technical solutions offering the combined production of these useful products with a high degree of efficiency and environmental friendliness. The transition to oxy-fuel combustion power cycles for the co-production of electricity and hydrogen is a prospective way to decrease carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere from the energy sector.
  • 451
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Preparing Public Opinion to Accept Distributed Energy Systems
Global energy consumption has reached unprecedented levels over the last century due to population growth and economic growth. There have been significant changes in the global energy economy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Due to this trend, many countries around the world are promoting electric technologies as fuel-saving alternatives. Israelis know too little about smart meters, energy storage systems, and other modern power grid technology, which enables a decentralized approach to energy management referred to as distributed energy systems (DES). Using distributed energy systems to generate energy on-site and manage loads can reduce costs, improve reliability, and secure revenue. An effective public education program can help prepare public opinion and reduce barriers to smart use and energy efficiency in the home. 
  • 449
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical Applications in Buildings
The integration of distributed renewable energy technologies (such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)) into buildings, especially in space-constrained urban areas, offers sustainable energy and helps offset fossil-fuel-related carbon emissions. However, the intermittent nature of these distributed renewable energy sources can negatively impact the larger power grids. Efficient onsite energy storage solutions capable of providing energy continuously can address this challenge. Traditional large-scale energy storage methods like pumped hydro and compressed air energy have limitations due to geography and the need for significant space to be economically viable. In contrast, electrochemical storage methods like batteries offer more space-efficient options, making them well suited for urban contexts.
  • 446
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Electrolyte Additives in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, and the electrolyte plays a critical role in chemical–electrical energy conversion. However, the operating temperature of VRFBs is limited to 10–40 °C because of the stability of the electrolyte. To overcome this, various chemical species are added, but the progress and mechanism have not been summarized and discussed yet. 
  • 444
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Organic Rankine Cycles and Absorption Cooling Systems
One of the main consequences of the irrational use of energy systems, mainly of those with direct or indirect use of fossil fuels, is climate change, whose effects on the planet have been studied in recent decades and today are well known. In the last decades, a strategy well promoted to counteract such effects is the transition to systems using renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, which can be used to produce electricity through the well-known photovoltaic technologies, or heat through the different solar thermal devices. These energy sources are of interest to the present research work.
  • 444
  • 01 Mar 2024
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