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Topic Review
Hybrid Membrane Distillation Systems
Membrane distillation (MD) is an attractive separation process that can work with heat sources with low temperature differences and is less sensitive to concentration polarization and membrane fouling than other pressure-driven membrane separation processes, thus allowing it to use low-grade thermal energy, which is helpful to decrease the consumption of energy, treat concentrated solutions, and improve water recovery rate.
  • 919
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Automatization Algorithms in Photovoltaic Power Plants
With the ever-increasing capacity and size of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants, reaching the scales of gigawatts and hundreds of hectares, automation is increasingly becoming a matter not only of scientific interest, but also of economic importance. Therefore, the autonomous procedure and classification of faults task must still be explored to enhance the accuracy and applicability of the aerial infrared thermography (aIRT) method.
  • 918
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Towards the Commercialization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has become a promising energy conversion technology due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact. Though there are several reviews on SOFCs, comprehensive reports that simultaneously combine the latest developments in materials and integration strategies are very limited. This paper addresses those issues and discusses SOFCs working principles, design types, the fuels used, and the required features for electrodes and electrolytes.
  • 911
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
ZrO2—CeO2 Ceramics Doped with Yttrium
The synthesis of ZrO2—CeO2 ceramics was carried out using solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis followed by thermal sintering of the obtained mixtures. ZrO2 and CeO2 powders in equal mole fractions (0.5:0.5) were chosen as initial components for synthesis. 
  • 910
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Solar Photovoltaic Systems to Environmental and Socioeconomic Aspects
The world is undergoing exciting haste to install photovoltaic (PV) systems in industry, residential/commercial buildings, transportation, deserts, street lights, and many other applications. Solar photovoltaic energy systems are clean and reliable energy sources that are unlimited, unlike their fossil fuel counterparts. PV, is a necessity. PV technology, however, stands a better chance among all the renewable energy sources to protect the environment due to its cleanliness. Moreover, this technology is a more beneficial, efficient energy resource than other renewable technologies. For instance, solar PV technology remains a significant motivator for electrification in rural regions in developing countries. 
  • 909
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
M&A in Energy Industry
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in energy industry are increasing. The purpose of the M&A deals has changed remarkably. During 1995–2010, most M&A events were conducted in order to explore synergies and benefit from cost reduction. Since the last decade, firms are pursuing M&As in the search of growth opportunities, ensuring supply and reflecting demand for green development of ecological environment and ongoing changes in the nature of energy. 
  • 908
  • 18 May 2021
Topic Review
Use of Biofuels and (Bio)lubricants in Compression-Ignition Engines
The environmental sustainability of agricultural and industrial vehicles, as well as of the transportation sector, represents one of the most critical challenges to the sustainable development of a nation. In recent decades, compression-ignition engines have been widely used in on-road and off-road vehicles due to their better fuel economy, autonomy, compactness, and mechanical performance (spec. the high torque values). Due to the consistent environmental impact of fossil fuels, scientists are searching for alternative energy sources while preserving the beneficial features of diesel engines. The utilization of blends of diesel fuel, biodiesel, and bioethanol fuel (referred to as “ternary blends”) is among the most promising solutions for replacing fossil fuels in the near term, allowing, at the same time, us to continue using existing vehicles until new technologies are developed, consolidated and adapted to the agricultural and industrial sector. These ternary blends can lower exhaust emissions without creating major problems for existing fuel-feeding systems, typically designed for low-viscosity fossil fuels. One of the concerns in using liquid biofuels, specifically biodiesel, is the high chemical affinity with conventional and bio-based lubricants, so the main parameters of lubricants can vary significantly after a long operation of the engine. The technical challenges and the main research pathways are presented herein.
  • 908
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Data Centers Energy Efficiency
The efficient management of Data Centers (DCs) is addressed by considering their optimal integration with the electrical, thermal, and IT (Information Technology) networks helping them to meet sustainability objectives and gain primary energy savings. Innovative scenarios are defined for exploiting the DCs electrical, thermal, and workload flexibility, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are proposed and used as enablers for the scenarios’ implementation. The technology and scenarios were evaluated in the context of two operational DCs: a micro DC in Poznan which has on-site renewable sources and a DC in Point Saint Martin.
  • 900
  • 02 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Low-Emission Waste-to-Energy Method of Liquid Fuel Combustion
Waste-to-energy approaches, aimed at using cheap energy carriers (oil production and refining waste, etc.), require the creation of new technologies with high energy efficiency and low emissions. One of the environmentally friendly methods is a superheated steam injection (SIM) into the combustion zone. At the same time, trends in CO2 reduction and recycling make carbon dioxide more attractive to use together with, or instead of, steam.
  • 900
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Critical Energy Issues
The impact of energy related to issues, such as energy poverty, energy transition, and energy security has been heavily debated. The concept of energy poverty is considered, in general terms, as being unable to have access to regular and sufficient energy due to high cost or a lack of proper infrastructure. The definition provided by the International Energy Agency states that energy security is having uninterrupted access to energy sources at affordable prices. The concept of energy transition means a transition to clean energy. However, there are concerns that some policies that push toward environmentally sustainable energy can decrease economic development and increase poverty.
  • 893
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Industrial Demand-Side Management Applications
The transition to sustainable energy sources presents significant challenges for energy distribution and consumption systems. Specifically, the intermittent availability of renewable energy sources and the decreasing usage of fossil fuels pose challenges to energy flexibility and efficiency. An approach to tackle these challenges is demand-side management, aiming to adapt energy consumption and demand. A key requirement for demand-side management is the traceability of the energy flow among individual energy consumers. 
  • 891
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Waste and Waste-to-Energy Technologies
A World Bank report estimated that 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated worldwide annually, and this is expected to increase to about 3.4 billion tonnes by the year 2050. Waste incineration with energy recovery is a waste-to-energy (WtE) technology which has been established to be an appropriate method of dealing with MSW worldwide.
  • 886
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance
Due to the societal ambition regarding an accelerated energy transition in several electrical power systems worldwide, a progressive technological upgrade (i.e., massive deployment of different types of power electronic converters) is taking place, occurring more prominently in the generation mix. To date, several studies have envisioned or are currently investigating futuristic topologies and operating conditions with shares from decoupled renewable power generation (e.g., type-IV wind turbines) equal to or higher than 50%. One expected issue of high concern that is an intensive research focus of this upgrading is the degradation of the time-varying frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment period, especially when large active power imbalances occur .
  • 883
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Carbon in Rechargeable Electrochemical Power
Rechargeable power sources are an essential element of large-scale energy systems based on renewable energy sources. One of the major challenges in rechargeable battery research is the development of electrode materials with good performance and low cost. Carbon-based materials have a wide range of properties, high electrical conductivity, and overall stability during cycling, making them suitable materials for batteries, including stationary and large-scale systems.
  • 881
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Basics of High-Entropy Materials
High-entropy materials (HEMs) constitute a revolutionary class of materials that have garnered significant attention in the field of materials science, exhibiting extraordinary properties in the realm of energy storage. These equimolar multielemental compounds have demonstrated increased charge capacities, enhanced ionic conductivities, and a prolonged cycle life, attributed to their structural stability. In the anode, transitioning from the traditional graphite (372 mAh g−1) to an HEM anode can increase capacity and enhance cycling stability. For cathodes, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) can be replaced with new cathodes made from HEMs, leading to greater energy storage. HEMs play a significant role in electrolytes, where they can be utilized as solid electrolytes, such as in ceramics and polymers, or as new high-entropy liquid electrolytes, resulting in longer cycling life, higher ionic conductivities, and stability over wide temperature ranges. The incorporation of HEMs in metal–air batteries offers methods to mitigate the formation of unwanted byproducts, such as Zn(OH)4 and Li2CO3, when used with atmospheric air, resulting in improved cycling life and electrochemical stability.
  • 880
  • 15 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Bioengineering Approaches for Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen with high energy content is considered to be a promising alternative clean energy source. Biohydrogen production through microbes provides a renewable and immense hydrogen supply by utilizing raw materials such as inexhaustible natural sunlight, water, and even organic waste, which is supposed to solve the two problems of “energy supply and environment protection” at the same time. Hydrogenases and nitrogenases are two classes of key enzymes involved in biohydrogen production and can be applied under different biological conditions. Both the research on enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and the innovations of enzymatic techniques are important and necessary for the application of biohydrogen production.
  • 880
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Evolution of Knowledge within Building Energy Efficiency Field
The building sector is responsible for 50% of worldwide energy consumption and 40% of  CO2 emissions. Consequently, a lot of research on Building Energy Efficiency has been carried out over recent years, covering the most varied topics. While many of these themes are no longer of interest to the scientific community, others flourish. However, there is a paucity of research on trend analysis in this field. Thus, it is important to read the trends within this field of knowledge is wise, since it allows resources to be directed towards the most promising topics. 
  • 879
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogen as an Energetic Alternative
Efforts to direct the economies of many countries towards low-carbon economies are being made in order to reduce their impact on global climate change. Within this process, replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will play an important role in the sectors where electrification is difficult or technically and economically ineffective. Hydrogen may also play a critical role in renewable energy storage processes. 
  • 874
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Wind Turbine Blade Fault Diagnosis Method
Wind turbines have shown a maximization trend. However, most of the wind turbine blades operate in areas with a relatively poor natural environment. The stability, safety, and reliability of blade operation are facing many challenges. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the structural health of wind turbine blades to avoid the failure of wind turbine outages and reduce maintenance costs.
  • 873
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Additive Engineering
Additive engineering  based on quantum dots containing different functional groups introduced in the precursor. This allows the functional group to chelate under coordinated Pb vacancy or iodine defect sites at the surface of the perovskite layer .
  • 866
  • 29 Jul 2021
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