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Topic Review
Essential Oils in Mood Disorders
Essential oils (EOs) are extracted from plants and contain active components with therapeutic effects.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification
The recent progress of molecular diagnostics has allowed the generation of different sophisticated tools, like loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This technique has become a well-established in different fields, including medicine, agriculture, and food industry, due to its high specificity, analytical sensitivity, technical simplicity, short analysis time, and low cost. LAMP involves isothermal amplification of target DNA and is highly accordant with point-of-care analysis. It has great potential to improve plant protection diagnostics, especially for in field analyses, detection of plant quarantine pathogens or virus pathogens in early infection stages. In this review, the authors provide detailed overview of the LAMP, describing in particular evolution of the technique, design and main features of the primer set, different visualization methods of LAMP results, its evolution and use in different fields, reporting in detail LAMP application in plant virology, and the main advantages of this technique.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Cellular Protein Trafficking in Low-Temperature Response Pathway
Over the years, although substantial progress has been made in understanding low-temperature response mechanisms in plants, the research is more focused on aerial parts of the plants rather than on the root or whole plant, and more efforts have been made in identifying and testing the major regulators of this pathway preferably in the model organism rather than in crop plants. For the low-temperature stress response mechanism, ICE-CBF regulatory pathway turned out to be the solely established pathway, and historically most of the low-temperature research is focused on this single pathway instead of exploring other alternative regulators.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Tapetal Cells Specification for Pollen Development
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. The tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures
The collections of plant cell cultures maintained in vitro are valuable sources of strains with unique ecological and biotechnological traits. Such collections play a vital role in bioresource conservation, science, and industry development. Here is an overview of All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPPRAS). The total collection holdings comprise about 120 cell cultures of medicinal and model plant species. Several plant cell culture strains have been adapted for cultivation in bioreactors from laboratory (5–20-L) to pilot (75-L) to semi-industrial (630-L) scale for the production of biomass with high nutritive or pharmacological value. Some of the strains with proven biological activities are currently used to produce cosmetics and food supplements. Here is also provided a brief information on the current collection composition and major activities, their use in research, biotechnology, and commercial application. The most interesting studies performed with collection strains were highlighted.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant Pathobiome
Although there is an inconsistency in the definition of pathobiome in the literature, it could simply be defined as the set of organisms (i.e., complex eukaryotic, microbial, and viral communities) within the plant’s biotic environment, which interact with the host to deteriorate its health status. The recent advances in the multi-omics studies facilitated the understanding of the plant holobiont as an ecological unit with the associated living species. The plant microbiota serves various essential and beneficial roles, while pathogenic microbes can damage the plant tissues through transient blooming under specific conditions. The one pathogen–one disease hypothesis is becoming insufficient to describe the disease process in many cases, particularly when complex organismic communities are involved. Here, we cover the steady transition of plant pathology from the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis to the emerging pathobiome paradigm and review previous reports on model plant diseases in which more than one pathogen or co-operative interactions amongst pathogenic microbes are implicated
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agriculture
PGPR promotes plant growth indirectly by preventing phytopathogens by producing metabolites of antimicrobial nature; the production of enzymes such as chitinase, protease, and lipase, which enable lysis of pathogenic bacteria and fungi; and induction of systemic resistance. PGPR produces low molecular weight compounds possessing antimicrobial activity even at low concentrations. Due to these compounds, PGPRs are the first choice among biological control agents for sustainable agriculture.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology in Plant Nutrients Fortification
Nutrient deficiency in food crops is seriously affecting human health, especially those in the rural areas, and nanotechnology may become the most sustainable approach to alleviating this challenge. There are several ways of fortifying the nutrients in food such as dietary diversification, use of drugs and industrial fortification. However, the affordability and sustainability of these methods have not been completely achieved. Plants absorb nutrients from fertilizers, but most conventional fertilizers have low nutrient use and uptake efficiency. Nanofertilizers are, therefore, engineered to be target oriented and not easily lost. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
PEF Extract Plant Bioactive Components
Different parts of a plant (seeds, fruits, flower, leaves, stem, and roots) contain numerous biologically active compounds called “phytoconstituents” that consist of phenolics, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The conventional techniques applied to extract these phytoconstituents have several drawbacks including poor performance, low yields, more solvent use, long processing time, and thermally degrading by-products. In contrast, modern and advanced extraction nonthermal technologies such as pulsed electric field (PEF) assist in easier and efficient identification, characterization, and analysis of bioactive ingredients. Other advantages of PEF include cost-efficacy, less time, and solvent consumption with improved yields. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Ethylene and ACC in Plants
The molecule 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) is the immediate precursor of the plant hormone ethylene in most seed plant species. Both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and ethylene can affect plant growth and development in a variety of ways.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanomaterials‘ effects on Plants under Salt Stress
Plant salinity resistance results from a combination of responses at the physiological, molecular, cellular, and metabolic levels. Nanoparticles are used as an emerging tool to stimulate specific biochemical reactions related to plant ecophysiological output because of their small size, increased surface area and absorption rate, efficient catalysis of reactions, and adequate reactive sites. Regulated ecophysiological control in saline environments could play a crucial role in plant growth promotion and survival of plants under suboptimal conditions. Plant biologists are seeking to develop a broad profile of genes and proteins that contribute to plant salt resistance. These plant metabolic profiles can be developed due to advancements in genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic techniques.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Production of Anthocyanins Using Plant Cell
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants. They exist in various colors, including red, purple, and blue, and are utilized as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. The pharmaceutical industry uses anthocyanins as therapeutic compounds because they have several medicinal qualities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Plant cell cultures have been studied to understand their part in in vitro production of anthocyanins for use in food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and cell or organ cultures have been initiated in more than 50 plant species. Researchers experienced pigmentation in cell cultures regardless of the plant, species, source of explants, and types of cultures established since the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is common to all flowering plants. Three significant plant species—carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera), and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa)—have been the subject of in-depth research on in vitro cell cultures for the production of anthocyanins, among others. Several excellent review articles have been published and innumerable patents have been granted from time to time on anthocyanin production from in vitro cultures. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is generally well-studied and established. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb
Bamboos belong to the monocotyledonous plant family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae. They are globally distributed from 51° North to 47° South except in the polar regions. There are ~125 genera and 1670 species of bamboos identified so far. Compared to other grasses, flowering in bamboo is quite divergent, yet complex with respect to time to flower, number of individual culms in a population that have been induced at a time (sporadic vs. gregarious), nature of monocarpy, morphology of inflorescences (solitary spikelet vs. pseudospikelet), biology of pollen and nature of genetic compatibility. Wide diversity exists even across species and genotypes. However, due to the rarity of flowering and inaccessibility, few studies have been done to systematically analyse diverse aspects of the reproductive behaviour of bamboo.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Phytochemicals from Sugarcane Bagasse and Maize Residues
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues (such as sugarcane bagasse and maize residues) as a source of high-value by-products is very important.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Genetic Mechanisms of Cold Signaling in Wheat
Cold stress is a major environmental factor affecting the growth, development, and productivity of various crop species. With the current trajectory of global climate change, low temperatures are becoming more frequent and can significantly decrease crop yield. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the first domesticated crop and is the most popular cereal crop in the world. Because of a lack of systematic research on cold signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cold signal transduction in wheat are poorly understood.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Potassium Control of Plant Functions
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem–phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Volatile Organic Compounds Evolution
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by plants as a consequence of biotic and abiotic interaction which often change rapidly over time. Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, might trigger adaptive responses to these evolutionary pressures regulating both genes and transcription factors, as well as the rhythmic emission of VOCs through circadian clock regulation. In addition, transgenerational epigenetic effects and polyploidy could modify the generation of VOCs’ profiles of offspring, contributing to long-term evolutionary shifts.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways
The signaling pathways of brassinosteroids (BRs), a unique plant steroid hormone, are critically involved in a diverse range of plant growth and developmental processes as well as many important agronomic traits.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Sugar Beet Cultivation in the Tropics and Subtropics
Sugar beet, an important sugar crop, is particularly cultivated in humid regions to produce beet sugar, fulfilling about 25% of the world’s sugar requirement, supplementing cane sugar. 
  • 1.2K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
NBR1-Mediated Selective Autophagy
Selective autophagy is a highly regulated degradation pathway for the removal of specific damaged or unwanted cellular components and organelles such as protein aggregates. Cargo selectivity in selective autophagy relies on the action of cargo receptors and adaptors. In mammalian cells, two structurally related proteins p62 and NBR1 act as cargo receptors for selective autophagy of ubiquitinated proteins including aggregation-prone proteins in aggrephagy. Plant NBR1 is the structural and functional homolog of mammalian p62 and NBR1.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Dec 2020
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