Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Communication Mode between Microorganisms
Various processes such as rhizospheric competence, antibiosis, release of enzymes, and induction of systemic resistance in host plants are all used by microbes to influence plant-microbe interactions. These processes are largely founded on chemical signalling. Producing, releasing, detecting, and responding to chemicals are all part of chemical signalling. Different microbes released distinct sorts of chemical signal molecules which interacts with the environment and hosts. 
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology in Plant Nutrients Fortification
Nutrient deficiency in food crops is seriously affecting human health, especially those in the rural areas, and nanotechnology may become the most sustainable approach to alleviating this challenge. There are several ways of fortifying the nutrients in food such as dietary diversification, use of drugs and industrial fortification. However, the affordability and sustainability of these methods have not been completely achieved. Plants absorb nutrients from fertilizers, but most conventional fertilizers have low nutrient use and uptake efficiency. Nanofertilizers are, therefore, engineered to be target oriented and not easily lost. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Avocado Conservation
Avocado is sensitive to desiccation, chilling and freezing stress and is recalcitrant for seed banking. Field-based living germplasm collections are currently the most used conservation method to protect and preserve the genetic diversity of this species. Cryopreservation offers a secure long-term method to maintain avocado genetic resources in a space efficient and de-risked manner. 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Heat Stress
Heat stress (HS) is a prevalent negative factor affecting plant growth and development, as it is predominant worldwide and threatens agriculture on a large scale. PHYTOCHROMES (PHYs) are photoreceptors that control plant growth and development, and the stress signaling response partially interferes with their activity. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Tapetal Cells Specification for Pollen Development
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. The tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Interstitial Telomeric-like Repeats (ITR)
Interstitial telomeric repeat (ITR) sites, also known as interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs), consist of tandem repeats of telomeric motifs that are located within intrachromosomal regions, including repeats located close to the centromeres and the ones found between the centromeres and the telomeres.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Endophytic B. Subtilis
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a valuable food crop with great importance in ensuring food security worldwide. One of the most acute problems of modern agriculture and food industry is the loss of potato tubers (about 40-60% of the total harvest) during storage from diseases. Beneficial antagonistic bacteria  Bacillus subtilis, generally recognized as safe microorganisms (GRAS) to use in the food industry, are considered a bio‐active and eco‐friendly agent for controlling postharvest decays of potato. Of special interests are endophytic B. subtilis, living inside plant tissues, which allows them to be less dependent on external environmental factors (compared to rhizosphere and phyllosphere strains) while exhibiting "useful" features. Due to it is difficult to select an individual effective microbial strain with a broad spectrum of activity against a range of pathogens an interest is co-application of B. subtilis with other methods (biological, physical) in an integrated vision of disease management. In this study, the effect of endophytic B. subtilis (strains 10‐4, 26D) and their compositions with salicylic acid (SA) on some resistance and quality traits of stored potatoes infected with Fusarium oxysporum-caused dry rot were studied. The results that are presented here establish that the treatment of potato tubers immediately before storage with endophytic bacteria B. subtilis (10‐4, 26D) individually and in combinations with SA reduced the incidence of F. oxysporum‐mediated dry rot (up to 50%) in potatoes during long‐term storage, with the highest protective effect upon application of composition B. subtilis 10‐4 + SA.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
PEF Extract Plant Bioactive Components
Different parts of a plant (seeds, fruits, flower, leaves, stem, and roots) contain numerous biologically active compounds called “phytoconstituents” that consist of phenolics, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The conventional techniques applied to extract these phytoconstituents have several drawbacks including poor performance, low yields, more solvent use, long processing time, and thermally degrading by-products. In contrast, modern and advanced extraction nonthermal technologies such as pulsed electric field (PEF) assist in easier and efficient identification, characterization, and analysis of bioactive ingredients. Other advantages of PEF include cost-efficacy, less time, and solvent consumption with improved yields. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Clean Label in Bread
A clean-label product can be referred to as food or ingredients that are more natural, organic, or not chemical-sounding and free of additives/preservatives. The bread industry and bakeries are going for clean-label products, adding only natural ingredients and additive-/preservative-free formulations but keeping the bread quality high. Thus, more research on natural ingredients can give the same attributes as traditional preservatives/additives to bread.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Phosphate Accumulation
Recent studies have shown various metabolic and transcriptomic interactions between sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) in plants. However, most studies have focused on the effects of phosphate (Pi) availability and P signaling pathways on S homeostasis, whereas the effects of S availability on P homeostasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the interactions between S and P from the perspective of S availability. We investigated the effects of S availability on Pi uptake, transport, and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under sulfur sufficiency (+S) and deficiency (−S). Total P in shoots was significantly increased under −S owing to higher Pi accumulation. This accumulation was facilitated by increased Pi uptake under −S. In addition, −S increased root-to-shoot Pi transport, which was indicated by the increased Pi levels in xylem sap under −S. The −S-increased Pi level in the xylem sap was diminished in the disruption lines of PHT1;9 and PHO1, which are involved in root-to-shoot Pi transport. Our findings indicate a new aspect of the interaction between S and P by listing the increased Pi accumulation as part of −S responses and by highlighting the effects of −S on Pi uptake, transport, and homeostasis.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Essential Oils in Mood Disorders
Essential oils (EOs) are extracted from plants and contain active components with therapeutic effects.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Action of Eugenol in Cancer
The last decade has seen a breakthrough in the investigations related to the anticancer potential of dietary phytoconstituents. Interestingly, a handsome number of bioactive principles, ranging from phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and terpenoids to organosulphur compounds have been screened for their anticancer properties. Among the phenylpropanoids currently under clinical studies for anticancer activity, eugenol is a promising candidate. Eugenol is effective against cancers like breast, cervical, lung, prostate, melanomas, leukemias, osteosarcomas, gliomas, etc., as evident from preclinical investigations.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Phytochemicals from Sugarcane Bagasse and Maize Residues
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues (such as sugarcane bagasse and maize residues) as a source of high-value by-products is very important.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures
The collections of plant cell cultures maintained in vitro are valuable sources of strains with unique ecological and biotechnological traits. Such collections play a vital role in bioresource conservation, science, and industry development. Here is an overview of All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPPRAS). The total collection holdings comprise about 120 cell cultures of medicinal and model plant species. Several plant cell culture strains have been adapted for cultivation in bioreactors from laboratory (5–20-L) to pilot (75-L) to semi-industrial (630-L) scale for the production of biomass with high nutritive or pharmacological value. Some of the strains with proven biological activities are currently used to produce cosmetics and food supplements. Here is also provided a brief information on the current collection composition and major activities, their use in research, biotechnology, and commercial application. The most interesting studies performed with collection strains were highlighted.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification
The recent progress of molecular diagnostics has allowed the generation of different sophisticated tools, like loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This technique has become a well-established in different fields, including medicine, agriculture, and food industry, due to its high specificity, analytical sensitivity, technical simplicity, short analysis time, and low cost. LAMP involves isothermal amplification of target DNA and is highly accordant with point-of-care analysis. It has great potential to improve plant protection diagnostics, especially for in field analyses, detection of plant quarantine pathogens or virus pathogens in early infection stages. In this review, the authors provide detailed overview of the LAMP, describing in particular evolution of the technique, design and main features of the primer set, different visualization methods of LAMP results, its evolution and use in different fields, reporting in detail LAMP application in plant virology, and the main advantages of this technique.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Production of Anthocyanins Using Plant Cell
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants. They exist in various colors, including red, purple, and blue, and are utilized as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. The pharmaceutical industry uses anthocyanins as therapeutic compounds because they have several medicinal qualities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Plant cell cultures have been studied to understand their part in in vitro production of anthocyanins for use in food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and cell or organ cultures have been initiated in more than 50 plant species. Researchers experienced pigmentation in cell cultures regardless of the plant, species, source of explants, and types of cultures established since the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is common to all flowering plants. Three significant plant species—carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera), and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa)—have been the subject of in-depth research on in vitro cell cultures for the production of anthocyanins, among others. Several excellent review articles have been published and innumerable patents have been granted from time to time on anthocyanin production from in vitro cultures. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway is generally well-studied and established. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb
Bamboos belong to the monocotyledonous plant family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae. They are globally distributed from 51° North to 47° South except in the polar regions. There are ~125 genera and 1670 species of bamboos identified so far. Compared to other grasses, flowering in bamboo is quite divergent, yet complex with respect to time to flower, number of individual culms in a population that have been induced at a time (sporadic vs. gregarious), nature of monocarpy, morphology of inflorescences (solitary spikelet vs. pseudospikelet), biology of pollen and nature of genetic compatibility. Wide diversity exists even across species and genotypes. However, due to the rarity of flowering and inaccessibility, few studies have been done to systematically analyse diverse aspects of the reproductive behaviour of bamboo.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Plant Pathobiome
Although there is an inconsistency in the definition of pathobiome in the literature, it could simply be defined as the set of organisms (i.e., complex eukaryotic, microbial, and viral communities) within the plant’s biotic environment, which interact with the host to deteriorate its health status. The recent advances in the multi-omics studies facilitated the understanding of the plant holobiont as an ecological unit with the associated living species. The plant microbiota serves various essential and beneficial roles, while pathogenic microbes can damage the plant tissues through transient blooming under specific conditions. The one pathogen–one disease hypothesis is becoming insufficient to describe the disease process in many cases, particularly when complex organismic communities are involved. Here, we cover the steady transition of plant pathology from the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis to the emerging pathobiome paradigm and review previous reports on model plant diseases in which more than one pathogen or co-operative interactions amongst pathogenic microbes are implicated
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Transcription Factors in Plant Shoot Branching
Transcription factors, also known as trans-acting factors, balance development and stress responses in plants. Branching plays an important role in plant morphogenesis and is closely related to plant biomass and crop yield. The apical meristem produced during plant embryonic development repeatedly produces the body of the plant, and the final aerial structure is regulated by the branching mode generated by axillary meristem (AM) activities. These branching patterns are regulated by two processes: AM formation and axillary bud growth. In recent years, transcription factors involved in regulating these processes have been identified. In addition, these transcription factors play an important role in various plant hormone pathways and photoresponses regulating plant branching.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Nanomaterials‘ effects on Plants under Salt Stress
Plant salinity resistance results from a combination of responses at the physiological, molecular, cellular, and metabolic levels. Nanoparticles are used as an emerging tool to stimulate specific biochemical reactions related to plant ecophysiological output because of their small size, increased surface area and absorption rate, efficient catalysis of reactions, and adequate reactive sites. Regulated ecophysiological control in saline environments could play a crucial role in plant growth promotion and survival of plants under suboptimal conditions. Plant biologists are seeking to develop a broad profile of genes and proteins that contribute to plant salt resistance. These plant metabolic profiles can be developed due to advancements in genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic techniques.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Mar 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 52
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback