Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Large-Scale CFB Boiler Engineering Tests and Measurement Methods
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers offer a technically viable and environmentally friendly means for the clean and efficient utilization of solid fuels. However, the complex gas–solid two-phase flow processes within them have hindered a thorough resolution of prediction issues related to coupled combustion, heat transfer, and pollutant generation characteristics. To address the deficiencies in scientific research, meet the practical operational needs of CFB boilers, and comply with new carbon emission policies, conducting full-scale field tests on large-scale CFB boilers is needed, so that the complex gas–solid flow, combustion, and heat transfer mechanisms in the furnace can be comprehended.
  • 548
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Technical and Economic Viability of Underground Hydrogen Storage
The concept of underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is less known than its natural gas counterpart, which is expected due to its less significant role in the past. Despite this, the insights gained with natural gas can be applied to hydrogen storage due to the shared cavern design and operation.
  • 547
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Floating Photovoltaic Systems
Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) system is a solution which employ PV panels in a cooler environment, achieve higher efficiency, and reduce water evaporation. FPV systems open up new opportunities for scaling up solar generating capacity, especially in countries with high population density and valuable lands, as well as countries with high evaporation rates and water resources deficiency.
  • 546
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fish Industry Waste and Electrochemical Energy Systems
Fish industry waste is attracting growing interest for the production of environmentally friendly materials for several different applications, due to the potential for reduced environmental impact and increased socioeconomic benefits. Recently, the application of fish industry waste for the synthesis of value-added materials and energy storage systems represents a feasible route to strengthen the overall sustainability of energy storage product lines. 
  • 546
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Biogas Steam Reforming in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Hydrogen as an energy vector is going to play an important role in the global energy mix. On the other hand, wastewater management has become a worldwide concern, as urban settlements have been considerably increasing for decades. Consequently, biodigestion to produce biogas (rich in methane) in water treatment plants could be an interesting starting point to obtain a valuable gas that can be converted into hydrogen through steam reforming. 
  • 543
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Li/S Battery Design
Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cells that offer an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy of 2600 Wh/kg are considered one of the most promising next-generation rechargeable battery systems for the electrification of transportation. This review introduces electrode manufacturing and modeling methodologies to overcome the current technical issues. The prospects for rational modeling and manufacturing strategies are discussed, to establish a new design standard for Li/S batteries.
  • 538
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Multiple Fuel Injection Strategies for Compression Ignition Engines
A significant volume of work is devoted to testing diesel fuel under a multiple fuel injection scenario whereas comparatively less is seen about neat biodiesel and biodiesel blends with diesel. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the reduction of exhaust emissions, combustion noise, and fuel consumption possible with multiple fuel injection events.
  • 538
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Features and Barriers of Hydrogen Combustion
After reviewing hydrogen and hydrogen blends combustion characteristics (laminar and turbulent flame speeds, adiabatic flame temperature, preferential diffusion), combustion applications in both thermo-electric power generation and hard-to-abate industry sectors are considered, highlighting the main issues due to hydrogen addition related to safety, pollutant emissions, and potentially negative effects on industrial products.
  • 538
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Electricity Consumption in China
China’s electricity consumption presents a significant spatial spill over effect, and the spatial agglomeration of electricity consumption in local regions is mainly HH clusters. A 1% positive change in financial development causes an increase of 0.089% in electricity consumption, but a 1% rise in financial development reduces electricity consumption of neighboring regions by 0.051%. A 1% positive change in trade openness decreases electricity consumption by 0.051%, while the spatial spillover effect of trade openness is not significant. It is also found that financial development has a long-term promoting effect on electricity consumption, while trade openness has a long-term inhibiting effect on electricity consumption. 
  • 536
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Heat-to-Gas Renewable Routes
Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network.
  • 536
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Wind Turbine Blade Fault Diagnosis Method
Wind turbines have shown a maximization trend. However, most of the wind turbine blades operate in areas with a relatively poor natural environment. The stability, safety, and reliability of blade operation are facing many challenges. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the structural health of wind turbine blades to avoid the failure of wind turbine outages and reduce maintenance costs.
  • 536
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Combined Renewable Energy–Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Industrial civilization relies on conventional energy sources and utilizes large and inefficient energy conversion systems. Increasing concerns regarding conventional fuel supplies and their environmental impacts (including greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change) have promoted the importance of renewable energy (RE) sources for generating electricity and heat.
  • 533
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Adsorption Factors in Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery
Enhanced coal bed methane recovery using gas injection can provide increased methane extraction depending on the characteristics of the coal and the gas that is used. Accurate prediction of the extent of gas adsorption by coal are therefore important. Both experimental methods and modeling have been used to assess gas adsorption and its effects, including volumetric and gravimetric techniques, as well as the Ono–Kondo model and other numerical simulations. Thermodynamic parameters may be used to model adsorption on coal surfaces while adsorption isotherms can be used to predict adsorption on coal pores. In addition, density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo methods may be employed. 
  • 531
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Conspectus of Photovoltaic Systems
A photovoltaic (PV) system is composed of a PV panel, controller and boost converter. The PV panel is a power-generating device. A controller is an electronic device that controls the circulating circuits in a PV system to collect as much PV output as possible from the solar panel. The boost converter is an intermediate device that regulates the PV output based on the duty cycle provided by the controller.
  • 530
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Carbon Surface on Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Due to their low cost, suitable working potential and high stability, carbon materials have become an irreplaceable anode material for alkali ion batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and potassium ion batteries. During the initial charge, electrolyte is reduced to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the carbon anode surface, which is an electron insulator but a good ion conductor. Thus, a stable surface passivation is obtained, preventing the decomposition of electrolyte in the following cycles. It has been widely accepted that SEI is essential for the long-term performance of batteries, such as calendar life and cycle life. Additionally, the initial coulombic efficiency, rate capability as well as safety of the batteries are dramatically influenced by the SEI. Extensive research efforts have been made to develop advanced SEI on carbon materials via optimization of electrolytes, including solutes, solvents and additives, etc. However, SEI is produced via the catalytic decomposition of electrolyte by the surface of electrode materials.
  • 525
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Energy Situation in Informal Settlements
Informal Settlements (ISs) are a widespread phenomenon in cities in the global south. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), about 56% of the urban population lives in ISs. More than half of the urban population of Sub-Saharan Africa lives in informal housing conditions. While urban areas are, in general, characterized by a high electrification rate, residents of informal settlements are still affected by energy poverty, the use of traditional energy sources and unreliable electricity supply. 
  • 520
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lanthanum Ferrites-Based Exsolved Perovskites
Two-phase material consisting of a Ruddlesden–Popper-type structure and a solid oxide solution (e.g., α-Fe100-y-zCoyNizOx oxide) was syntheised and demonstrated as an anode for fuel flexible SOFC and as a functinal layer to enhance the fuel flexibility of commercial SOFCs.. 
  • 516
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review Video
Cryogenic Treatments in Energy Sector
Cryogenic treatment (CT) is one of the possible solutions for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective technology for tailoring the properties of different metallic materials.
  • 516
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
KPIs for Smart Energy Systems in Sustainable Universities
Sustainable campus management includes energy-saving measures and waste reduction and has become an important objective to many universities, being part of the institution’s societal responsibility. Smart energy systems (SESs), as part of campus energy management, can bring many benefits, including increased efficiency, reduced energy consumption, reduced emissions, increased reliability, and real-time control, and facilitate the integration of the renewable energy systems (RES). Despite the growing interest in energy efficiency and for the initiatives and projects to implement SESs, there are no universally accepted standards for assessing the performance of SESs, with most techniques being dedicated to subsystems. A KPI (key performance indicator) framework for evaluating the SESs’ performance from university campuses is proposed, starting from the current findings and priorities from the scientific literature, energy standards, legislation, and university rankings. The framework can support the implementation, operation, and evaluation of the SESs from university campuses, based on SES requirements and the stakeholders’ goals. Unlike previously developed solutions, the framework is focused not only on the technical side of SESs but also on the role that education, research, and innovation should have in sustainable development, making universities key contributors to achieving these goals.
  • 515
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Cooling Methods for Standard and Floating PV Panels
Energy and water poverty are two main challenges of the modern world. Most developing and underdeveloped countries need more efficient electricity-producing sources to overcome the problem of potable water evaporation. At the same time, the traditional way to produce energy/electricity is also responsible for polluting the environment and damaging the ecosystem. Notably, many techniques have been used around the globe, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cooling (active, passive, and combined) process to reduce the working temperature of the PV panels (up to 60 °C) to improve the system efficiency. For floating photovoltaic (FPV), water cooling is mainly responsible for reducing the panel temperature to enhance the production capacity of the PV panels, while the system efficiency can increase up to around 30%. 
  • 513
  • 12 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 33
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback