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Topic Review
Tubular Reactor Technologies for Acceleration of Biodiesel Production
The need to arrest the continued environmental contamination and degradation associated with the consumption of fossil-based fuels has continued to serve as an impetus for the increased utilization of renewable fuels. The demand for biodiesel has continued to escalate in the past few decades due to urbanization, industrialization, and stringent government policies in favor of renewable fuels for diverse applications. One of the strategies for ensuring the intensification, commercialization, and increased utilization of biodiesel is the adaptation of reactor technologies, especially tubular reactors. 
  • 589
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review
ZrO2—CeO2 Ceramics Doped with Yttrium
The synthesis of ZrO2—CeO2 ceramics was carried out using solid-phase mechanochemical synthesis followed by thermal sintering of the obtained mixtures. ZrO2 and CeO2 powders in equal mole fractions (0.5:0.5) were chosen as initial components for synthesis. 
  • 588
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Towards the Commercialization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has become a promising energy conversion technology due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact. Though there are several reviews on SOFCs, comprehensive reports that simultaneously combine the latest developments in materials and integration strategies are very limited. This paper addresses those issues and discusses SOFCs working principles, design types, the fuels used, and the required features for electrodes and electrolytes.
  • 582
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance
Due to the societal ambition regarding an accelerated energy transition in several electrical power systems worldwide, a progressive technological upgrade (i.e., massive deployment of different types of power electronic converters) is taking place, occurring more prominently in the generation mix. To date, several studies have envisioned or are currently investigating futuristic topologies and operating conditions with shares from decoupled renewable power generation (e.g., type-IV wind turbines) equal to or higher than 50%. One expected issue of high concern that is an intensive research focus of this upgrading is the degradation of the time-varying frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment period, especially when large active power imbalances occur .
  • 579
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Technological and Legislative Impacts on Automotive Sector Development
Land transport activities play an essential role within our society. At the same time, these activities generate directly huge amounts of pollutants due to vehicle operation, and indirectly, more pollution due to vehicle production and recycling as well as a significant consumption of energetic resources and raw materials. Looking back into the cars history, one can notice how their technological development was correlated with the socio-economic, environmental, and health context, and has paved the way for new policies and strategies for exploiting the available energy sources and materials with respect to the current automotive regulations.
  • 578
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Solar Photovoltaic Systems to Environmental and Socioeconomic Aspects
The world is undergoing exciting haste to install photovoltaic (PV) systems in industry, residential/commercial buildings, transportation, deserts, street lights, and many other applications. Solar photovoltaic energy systems are clean and reliable energy sources that are unlimited, unlike their fossil fuel counterparts. PV, is a necessity. PV technology, however, stands a better chance among all the renewable energy sources to protect the environment due to its cleanliness. Moreover, this technology is a more beneficial, efficient energy resource than other renewable technologies. For instance, solar PV technology remains a significant motivator for electrification in rural regions in developing countries. 
  • 578
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bioenergy Production from Microbial Fuel Cells
The over-exploitation of fossil fuels and their negative environmental impacts have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide, and efforts have been made to propose alternatives for the production of sustainable and clean energy. One proposed alternative is the implementation of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which are sustainable and environmentally friendly. MFCs are devices that use bacterial activity to break down organic matter while generating sustainable electricity.
  • 578
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Fields Exposure
The interaction of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with living tissues or manufactured objects can produce different effects on these exposed entities. In different circumstances, these fields are used daily in various friendly applications. Applications of non-ionizing RF-EMF, frequencies from 100 kHz to 300 GHz have continuously increased. This involves medicine (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging and RF ablation), manufacturing (e.g., heaters and solders), home usages (e.g., child video display unit and Wi-Fi), protection and navigation (e.g., radar and RFID) and particularly in telecommunications (e.g., TV transmitting and mobile phones). This growth signifies that great amounts of the population are undergoing exposure to RF(radiofrequency)-EMF and worry has been inflated concerning public health concerns due to such exposure.
  • 575
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Energy Scenarios
The assessment of future options and pathways for sustainable energy systems requires considering multiple techno-economic, ecological and social issues. Multicriteria analysis methods, which are useful tools that aid decision processes involving various and even conflicting qualitative and quantitative criteria, could support such comprehensive analyses. With regard to energy policies, the key actors and stakeholders’ acceptance of emerging and innovative technologies for generating, converting and storing electricity, heat and fuels is crucial for their future implementation. The multiactor multicriteria (MAMCA) methodology was developed to involve stakeholders with vastly different views and objectives when addressing complex societal problems. 
  • 572
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Low-Tech Perspective on Energy Flexibility
Energy flexibility, one of the key pillars of the energy transition, is an umbrella term that covers multiple innovative solutions implemented at all levels of the electric grid to ensure power quality standards, amongst other objectives. Low-tech, on the other hand, emphasizes designing, producing, and sustainably implementing solutions that address the core needs of individuals and organisations.  
  • 572
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Exploration and Use of Lithium in Oman
Oman has huge potential for lithium exploitation and production, considering the enormous quantities of spodumene and seawater salt with high-grade lithium available, developing efficient regulations and rules to protect investors’ rights, and reducing the environmental risks associated with the production and recycling of lithium-ion batteries. 
  • 572
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Natural Gas Boiler Optimization Technologies
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that has been widely used for various purposes, including residential and industrial applications. The combustion of natural gas, despite being more environmentally friendly than other fossil fuels such as petroleum, yields significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the optimization of natural gas consumption is a vital process in order to ensure that emission targets are met worldwide. On top of that, the emergence of technologies such as smart homes, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence provides opportunities for the development of automated optimization solutions, which can utilize data acquired from the boiler and various sensors in real-time, implement consumption forecasting methodologies, and accordingly provide control instructions in order to ensure optimal boiler functionality.
  • 569
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sensitivity Analysis and Anaerobic Digestion Modeling
A growing awareness of global climate change has led to an increased interest in investigating renewable energy sources, such as the anaerobic digestion of biomass. This process utilizes a wide range of microbial communities to degrade biodegradable material in feedstock through a complex series of biochemical interactions. Anaerobic digestion exhibits nonlinear dynamics due to the complex and interacting biochemical processes involved. Due to its dynamic and nonlinear behavior, uncertain feedstock quality, and sensitivity to the process’s environmental conditions, anaerobic digestion is highly susceptible to instabilities. Therefore, in order to model and operate a biogas production unit effectively, it is necessary to understand which parameters are most influential on the model outputs.
  • 569
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Kapok Fiber
Photocatalytic Kapok fiber is recognized as one of the most resilient and effective material sources accessible for environmental rehabilitation and energy production due to its exceptional photocatalytic performance, hollow structure, great renewability, and compressibility. There are, however, few detailed reviews on this matter with strong photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the most recent explosive advancement in photocatalytic kapok fiber, including various kapok fiber materials and overall fabrication methodologies, was examined to evaluate this advanced research. Pollutant absorption, photocatalytic degradation, hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction were the main applications of this photocatalytic Kapok fiber.
  • 567
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biogas Production from Maize Silage after Acid-Heat Pretreatment
One of the most effective technologies involving the use of lignocellulosic biomass is the production of biofuels, including methane-rich biogas. In order to increase the amount of gas produced, it is necessary to optimize the fermentation process, for example, by substrate pretreatment.
  • 563
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Second-Life Batteries
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to governmental policies focused on curbing climate change. EV batteries are retired when they are no longer suitable for energy-intensive EV operations. A large number of EV batteries are expected to be retired in the next 5–10 years. These retired batteries have 70–80% average capacity left. Second-life use of these battery packs has the potential to address the increasing energy storage system (ESS) demand for the grid and also to create a circular economy for EV batteries. The needs of modern grids for frequency regulation, power smoothing, and peak shaving can be met using retired batteries.
  • 563
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Single-Phase Electric Springs Control Strategies
The concept of electric springs (ESs) has been proposed as a new solution for stabilizing power grid fed by intermittent renewable energy sources. With a battery or active power source (DC, on the inside), the ESs can provide both active and reactive power compensations. So far, three typical topologies of single-phase ESs have been reported. 
  • 562
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Bioleaching of Sorghum Straw in Bioreactors
Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable feedstock to produce biofuels and biochemicals. Previous research has demonstrated the potential of bioleaching, with its superior capability of removing certain inorganic compounds compared to water leaching, to improve biomass quality for thermochemical conversion in biofuel production.
  • 559
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Additive Engineering
Additive engineering  based on quantum dots containing different functional groups introduced in the precursor. This allows the functional group to chelate under coordinated Pb vacancy or iodine defect sites at the surface of the perovskite layer .
  • 554
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Ammonia and Hydrogen Energy Utilization in Road Transportation
The crisscross progress of transportation and energy carries the migrating track of human society development and the evolution of civilization, among which the decarbonization strategy is a key issue. Traffic carbon emissions account for 16.2% of total energy carbon emissions, while road traffic carbon emissions account for 11.8% of total energy carbon emissions. Therefore, road traffic is a vital battlefield in attaining the goal of decarbonization. Employing clean energy as an alternative fuel is of great significance to the transformation of the energy consumption structure in road transportation. Hydrogen and ammonia are renewable energy with the characteristics of being widely distributed and clean. Both exist naturally in nature, and the products of complete combustion are substances (water and nitrogen) that do not pollute the atmosphere. Because it can promote agricultural production, ammonia has a long history in human society. Both have the potential to replace traditional fossil fuel energy. 
  • 550
  • 30 Sep 2022
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