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Topic Review
Mapping Paddy Rice with Remote-Sensing
Paddy rice is a staple food of three billion people in the world. Timely and accurate estimation of the paddy rice planting area and paddy rice yield can provide valuable information for the gov-ernment, planners and decision makers to formulate policies.
  • 3.6K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Overview of Dried Fish
Fish is a good source of nutrients, although it is easily spoiled. As such, drying is a common method of preserving fish to compensate for its perishability. Dried fish exists in different cultures with varying types of fish used and drying methods. 
  • 3.6K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Root Anatomical and Structural Responses to Drought
In response to drought, roots adjust their traits, improving plant adaptation, survival, and yield. Among these traits, root system architecture (RSA) is essential in increasing water uptake, therefore, much of the research has focused on understanding RSA. Phenotyping systems, such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ground-penetrating radar, shovelomics, rhizotrons, and transparent soils, were developed to study RSA. These phenotyping systems identified several root architectural traits that increased water uptake and drought resistance and were utilized in developing drought-resilient plants. Plants also invest a large portion of their photosynthetic carbon (C) as exudates to build root–microbe symbiosis for drought adaptation. Roots adapt their structure in response to drought to increase penetration, distribution, and contact with the soil for improved water and nutrient uptake. These structural adaptations ensure necessary nutrition and water acquisition, maintaining plant physiological activities and productivity during drought. Roots also adapt their anatomical characteristics in response to drought. Roots increase penetration in soil, reduce metabolic cost, regulate hydraulic conductivity, and facilitate microbial symbiosis to increase resource acquisition.
  • 3.6K
  • 09 Sep 2022
Biography
William Thomson, Baron Kelvin
William Thomson, Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a British[1] mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in it
  • 3.6K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Immunopeptidome
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) plays a crucial role in the development of adaptive immune response in vertebrates. MHC molecules are cell surface protein complexes loaded with short peptides and recognized by the T-cell receptors (TCR). Peptides associated with MHC are named immunopeptidome. The MHC I immunopeptidome is produced by the proteasome degradation of intracellular proteins. The knowledge of the immunopeptidome repertoire facilitates the creation of personalized antitumor or antiviral vaccines. A huge number of publications on the immunopeptidome diversity of different human and mouse biological samples - plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and solid tissues, including tumors - appeared in the scientific journals in the last decade. Significant immunopeptidome identification efficiency was achieved by advances in technology: the immunoprecipitation of MHC and mass spectrometry-based approaches.
  • 3.6K
  • 30 Nov 2020
Topic Review
FoxO1
FoxO1 is a conserved transcription factor involved in energy metabolism. It is tightly regulated by modifications on its mRNA and protein and responds to environmental nutrient signals. FoxO1 controls the transcription of downstream genes mediating metabolic regulation. Dysfunction of FoxO1 pathways results in several metabolic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis.
  • 3.6K
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Glycerol
Glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) is a viscous odorless and colorless liquid, with a syrupy sweet flavor that may derive from both renewable and fossil sources
  • 3.6K
  • 06 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Optical Camera Communication
Visible Light Communication (VLC) uses various properties of light to encode digital data, which is then modulated and transmitted over a short distance to the receiver. Photodiodes are inexpensive and provide low complexity implementation,  but their adoption requires modifying existing devices to house dedicated sensors. On the other hand, in Optical Camera Communication (OCC), existing camera-based receivers are used to extract encoded data using properties of light like color, blink frequency, intensity, and polarity. Thus, OCC is considered one possible solution to achieve a ready-to-use VLC system by utilizing the camera’s properties, computational capacity of mobile phones, and chromaticity of the light. 
  • 3.6K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Eco-Art Place-Based Education
The existing state of the world climate creates the need for an educational programme that incorporates effective proposals for the environment that can be practically implemented. The present environmental education literature has changed due to new study paradigms. Understanding how students relate to nature, how their personal beliefs and behaviours are influenced, and how their actions are affected can provide an increased understanding of how they can contribute meaningfully to global objectives. This paper aims to analyse educational research papers published in the area of environmental art education in order to find the factor with the greatest effect and illuminate how they can help to improve the measures implemented. 
  • 3.6K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Short-Term Memory
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. For example, short-term memory can be used to remember a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. A commonly cited capacity of items to remember is The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two (also called Miller's Law, despite Miller calling the figure "little more than a joke" (Miller, 1989, page 401)). Cowan (2001) suggests that a more realistic figure is 4±1 items. In contrast, long-term memory holds information indefinitely. Short-term memory should be distinguished from working memory, which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information (see details below).
  • 3.6K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidant of Dietary Vitamins A, C, and E
Non-enzymatic antioxidants, which include vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, are commonly used dietary supplements for general health purposes. Given their safe profile and potential link with a decreased risk of cancer, they represent an attractive option as preventive anti-cancer agents.
  • 3.6K
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review Video Peer Reviewed
Developing the Socio-Emotional Intelligence of Doctoral Students
Socio-emotional intelligence is the capacity to consider emotions, intuition, and cognition to identify, manage and express emotions and to respond to social situations with authenticity, openness and fairness. By doing so, individuals will achieve a sense of wellbeing and build meaningful relations whilst having a positive impact on the environment, others and themselves. The term doctoral student refers to a postgraduate researcher completing a doctoral degree. Supervisor is the term used in academia for an academic guiding and supporting the doctoral student. Doctoral supervisions usually include at least two academics as supervisors. A doctoral degree in the UK normally focuses on the in-depth study of a topic; these can be chosen by the doctoral student or sometimes be content-specific if a scholarship is attached.
  • 3.6K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Habitus
In sociology, habitus refers to the set of deeply ingrained habits, dispositions, and cultural norms that individuals acquire through socialization and experience within their social environment. Developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, habitus shapes individuals' perceptions, behaviors, and social interactions, influencing their tastes, preferences, and social positioning within society. It operates unconsciously, guiding individuals' actions and choices in ways that are often taken for granted but reflect their social background and position.
  • 3.6K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Models for Predicting Material Durability and Service Lifetime
Substantial gains and savings of resources of time and money can be gained through the use of modelling and simulation to understand material system performance. Since for development of the new materials validation is expensive and time-consuming, the bottleneck is time and funding—modelling might be the way to replace testing programs, which would be beneficial for providing new innovative materials faster to the market.
  • 3.6K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The World Health Organization (WHO): An In-Depth Overview
The World Health Organization (WHO), established in 1948, is a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on international public health. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO plays a pivotal role in global health governance by providing leadership on health matters, setting norms and standards, and offering technical support to countries. The organization is structured into six regional offices and is governed by the World Health Assembly and the Executive Board. WHO’s core areas of focus include combating infectious diseases, addressing non-communicable diseases, strengthening health systems, and responding to health emergencies. Notably, WHO led the global eradication of smallpox and has been instrumental in initiatives against polio, HIV/AIDS, and most recently, COVID-19. Despite its successes, WHO faces challenges such as funding constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and political pressures. As it looks to the future, WHO’s work will continue to be guided by its commitment to promoting health, achieving universal health coverage, and addressing emerging health threats, ensuring its ongoing relevance and impact in global health.
  • 3.6K
  • 04 Sep 2024
Topic Review
Plant-Based Biosynthesis of Copper/Copper Nanoparticles
Plants produce numerous secondary metabolites and rich in phytochemicals, which are potential bioresources for synthesizing Cu and CuO Nanoparticles (NPs). This green synthesis approach is environmentally friendly and more advantageous over commercial synthesis using physical and chemical methods. The green synthesized Cu and CuO NPs can be used as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents in biomedical applications. We discuss about the green synthesis of Cu and CuO NPs using various plants, factors affecting the synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity evaluation of the NPs. In addition, the mechanisms of the NPs entry into biological entities were also discussed. 
  • 3.6K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a relatively new bio-cementation technique for ground improvement. In EICP, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation occurs via urea hydrolysis catalysed by the urease enzyme sourced from plants. EICP offers significant potential for innovative and sustainable engineering applications, including strengthening of soils, remediation of contaminants, enhancement of oil recovery through bio-plugging and other in situ field applications. Given the numerous potential applications of EICP, theoretical understanding of the rate and quantity of  precipitation via the ureolytic chemical reaction is vital for optimising the process.
  • 3.6K
  • 24 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Organic Binders in Archaeological Wall Paintings
Binding media are complex materials, employed to allow pigment grains to adhere to each other and to the surface of the support, through the formation of a coherent and homogeneous film. The function of the binder consists, therefore, in keeping the pigment particles firmly together and at the same time adhering them in the form of a coherent thin film to the surface of the support. The binder must obviously be in the fluid state, in order to form with the pigments a stable, homogeneous, stretchy, and viscous dough.   For the realization of wall paintings and, in later times, for their preservation, different materials with functions of binders, adhesives, paints, protective and consolidating were and are still necessary. There is a very large class of products which can have both constitutive functions but also a function of conservation and restoration. 
  • 3.6K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
GeForce 7 Series
The GeForce 7 series is the seventh generation of Nvidia's GeForce graphics processing units. This was the last series available on AGP cards. A slightly modified GeForce 7-based card (more specifically based on the 7800GTX) is present as the RSX Reality Synthesizer, which is present on the PlayStation 3.
  • 3.6K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Applications of the Intelligent Traffic Management System
The intelligent traffic management system (ITMS) is primarily used in the management of traffic in four distinct regions of traffic scenes by using imaging technology.
  • 3.6K
  • 09 Mar 2023
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