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Topic Review
Whiteflies
Whiteflies are a group of universally occurring phloem sap sucking insects that has secured a status of most devastating pests for causing both direct and indirect damages to crops. A few of them serve as vectors of plant viruses that are detrimental to the crop in question and cause an actual loss in productivity. A lot of attention is focused on pest control measures under the umbrella of IPM (Integrated pest management). 
  • 1.6K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cephenemyiosis
Cephenemyia stimulator is a Palearctic species developing in the nasal cavity and pharynx of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). It is widely spread in the range of distribution of this ungulate in Europe.
  • 1.6K
  • 31 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Biomineralization Forming Process
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. 
  • 1.6K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hormones for Superovulation in Sheep
Superovulation is typically achieved using gonadotropic hormone preparations that promote the development of subordinate follicles in order to ovulate, or through inhibin immunization to eliminate the inhibitory mechanism of the dominant follicle. Various gonadotropic preparations (FSH and eCG) are widely applied to induce superovulation in sheep. Other hormones, such as horse anterior pituitary (HAP) extracts, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have also been applied, although less frequently, during sheep superovulation.
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), as a typical seed-borne virus, causes costly and devastating diseases in the vegetable trade worldwide.
  • 1.6K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Biopesticide Encapsulation Using Supercritical CO2
As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural chemistries from living organisms, are not harmful to nontarget organisms and the environment, can be used as biopesticides, nontarget. However, to reduce the reactivity of active ingredients, avoid undesired reactions, protect from physical stress, and control or lower the release rate, encapsulation processes can be applied to biopesticides. The use of supercritical fluid technology (SFT), mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), to encapsulate biopesticides is highlighted, as they reduce the use of organic solvents, have simpler separation processes, and achieve high-purity particles. 
  • 1.6K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Ciguatera in the Indian Ocean
Ciguatera poisoning is regarded globally as the most significant non-bacterial poisoning associated with fish consumption. It is usually limited to the consumption of toxic fish from regions between the latitudes 35° N and 35° S. Studies have shown a strong positive correlation between Gambierdiscus abundance and algal macrophytes. Some earlier studies proposed a standardized methodology for estimating Gambierdiscus abundance based on sampling macroalgae.
  • 1.6K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nanotechnology for Precision Agriculture
By adopting nanotechnology-based precision agricultural practices, the farming community can reduce agrochemicals while maintaining high crop productivity, protecting soil and water health, and contributing to a cleaner environment.
  • 1.6K
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Chinese Mountain Cat
The Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis bieti) is a small wild felid species native to the high-altitude regions of central China. Characterized by its distinctive grayish-brown fur, black-spotted coat, and bushy tail, this elusive feline is adapted to the harsh mountainous environments of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Despite its status as one of the least studied wild cats, the Chinese Mountain Cat plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a predator of small mammals and birds, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to protect its fragile habitat.
  • 1.6K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Antarctic Fur Seal
The Antarctic Fur Seal, scientifically known as Arctocephalus gazella, is a charismatic marine mammal native to the subantarctic and Antarctic regions. Recognized for its dense fur coat, robust build, and distinctive facial features, this species is a top predator in its icy habitat. Antarctic Fur Seals play a vital role in marine ecosystems, influencing prey populations and contributing to the overall health of polar environments.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Wearable Devices to Characterize Animal Behavior
The information that can be deduced from animal behaviors is diverse. Unlike in the past, these behaviors can now be monitored for extended periods of time, thanks to the many advanced tools and sensors. The changes in behavioral patterns can provide many indications and clues about various aspects of the animals’ needs and status.
  • 1.6K
  • 13 Jan 2025
Topic Review
European Map Butterfly Araschnia levana
The European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) looks different in spring and summer due to day length and temperature. If the butterfly’s caterpillars receive at least 16 h of light per day, the resulting butterfly hatches a few weeks later in summer with blackish wings (f. prorsa). However, if caterpillars receive less than 15.5 h of daylight, many overwinter as pupae. The imagos emerging in the following spring, have predominantly organge wings with black spots (f. levana). This whole process is guided by hormones and epigenetics.
  • 1.6K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom
The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. 
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Side-striped Jackal
The Side-striped Jackal (Canis adustus) is a medium-sized carnivore native to sub-Saharan Africa. Identified by the distinct white stripe running along its flanks, this adaptable canid inhabits a variety of habitats, demonstrating omnivorous feeding habits and a complex social structure within its family groups.
  • 1.6K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Neo-Tropical Rodent Meat
Non-domestic neo-tropical animals have tremendous potential as a source of meat for human consumption. Rodents such as the lappe (Agouti paca), agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), and the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) have been identified as having great potential to be domesticated. These rodents have been used in rural villages by hunters as a source of meat protein.
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Gambian Mongoose
The Gambian Mongoose, scientifically known as Mungos gambianus, is a species of mongoose native to the African continent. Recognizable by its sleek, reddish-brown fur and long, tapering tail, this mongoose species inhabits a variety of habitats including forests, savannas, and agricultural areas. Highly adaptable and social animals, Gambian Mongooses are known for their cooperative hunting behavior and tight-knit family groups.
  • 1.6K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Agricultural Soils
Globally, agricultural soils are being evaluated for their role in climate change regulation as a potential sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) through sequestration of organic carbon as soil organic matter. Scientists and policy analysts increasingly seek to develop programs and policies which recognize the importance of mitigation of climate change and insurance of ecological sustainability when managing agricultural soils.
  • 1.6K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal degenerative vascular disease that affects, mostly, the elder population, with a high mortality rate (>80%) upon rupture. It features a dilation of the aortic diameter to larger than 30 mm or more than 50%. Diverse pathological processes are involved in the development of AAA, including aortic wall inflammation, elastin breakdown, oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and dysfunction, and extracellular matrix degradation. 
  • 1.6K
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
SDGs and Sweet Potato Cultivation
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), will shape national development plans up to 2030. SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger) and 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) are crucial for the poor, given they target the basic human needs for development and fundamental human rights. Most poor and malnourished people in developing countries live in rural areas and engage in farming as a key part of their livelihoods, with food and agriculture at the heart of their development concerns. Crops that can provide both food and energy without detrimental impacts on soil or water resources can be particularly beneficial for local development and smallholder farmers. Sweet potato, in particular, is attracting growing attention from researchers and policymakers as it has the potential to address these global problems in a sustainable way. 
  • 1.6K
  • 18 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Biochar
Considerable interest is being shown in using biochar production from waste biomass with a variety of disciplines to address the most pressing environmental challenges. Biochar produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions is gaining popularity as a low-cost amendment for agro-ecosystems. The efficiency of biochar formation is affected by temperature, heating rate, feedstock type, particle size and reactor conditions. Properties such as pH, surface area and ash content of produced biochar increases with increasing temperatures. Biochar produced at lower heating rates may have high porosity and be beneficial for morphological changes in the soil. Biochar can help to enhance soil health and fertility as well as improve agricultural yield. As a result, biochar can assist in increasing food security by promoting sustainable agricultural systems and preserving an eco-friendly environment. Biochar is also widely being used as a sorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants, owing to its large surface area, allowing it to be immobilized from soil with ease. The functional groups and charges present on the surface of biochar play an important role in pollutants removal.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Mar 2023
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