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Topic Review
Bioenergy and Biopesticides Production in Serbia
The critical role of energy in contemporary life and the environmental challenges associated with its production imply the need for research and exploration of its novel resources, including biomass as a source of bioenergy. Along with the energy-related degradation of the environment, serious environmental issues arise from the use of pesticides in food production and plant breeding. This prompts the utilization of biomass in the production of biopesticides, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides.
  • 737
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Phytosanitary Rules for the Movement of Olive
Phytosanitary legislation involves government laws that are essential to minimize the risk of the introduction and diffusion of pests, especially invasive non-native species, as a consequence of the international exchange of plant material, thus allowing us to safeguard agricultural production and biodiversity of a territory.
  • 733
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Musaceae Wastes
The Musaceae family has significant potential as a source of lignocellulosic fibres and starch from the plant’s bunches and pseudostems. These materials, which have traditionally been considered waste, can be used to produce fully bio-based composites to replace petroleum-derived synthetic plastics in some sectors such as packaging, the automotive industry, and implants. The fibres extracted from Musaceae have mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties that allow them to compete with other natural fibres such as sisal, henequen, fique, and jute, among others, which are currently used in the preparation of bio-based composites.
  • 729
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Outcomes
There is evidence that the impact of particle pollution on the brain, the portals of entry, the neural damage mechanisms, and ultimately the neurological and psychiatric outcomes statistically associated with exposures. PM pollution comes from natural and anthropogenic sources such as fossil fuel combustion, engineered nanoparticles (NP ≤ 100 nm), wildfires, and wood burning. We are all constantly exposed during normal daily activities to some level of particle pollution of various sizes—PM2.5 (≤2.5 µm), ultrafine PM (UFP ≤ 100 nm), or NPs. Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption are key portals of entry. 
  • 727
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Circular Natural Resource-Based Bioeconomy
Efficient material flows promote sustainable circular natural resource-based bioeconomy. Within sustainable natural resource utilization carbon and nutrient recycling are financially equal production inputs compared to traditional mineral fertilizers.
  • 719
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Microemulsions for Sustainable Development of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Global oil and gas resources are declining continuously, and sustainable development has become a common challenge worldwide. In terms of environmental protection and economic benefits, the application of microemulsions for enhanced oil recovery often requires fewer chemical agents, showing distinct advantages.
  • 719
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Russian Arctic Sustainable Development
For the development and utilization of the Arctic region, Russia proposed a plan many years ago, and in 2020, it proposed a new “Foundations of the Russian Federation State Policy in the Arctic for the Period up to 2035”, which reaffirmed the importance of Arctic work in principle. The focus on development further demonstrates the reality that Russia regards the development of the Arctic as an important boost to national rejuvenation. The development of the Arctic requires a lot of funds, manpower, and the joint efforts of the international community. The joint construction of the Arctic region seems to be an excellent platform for building a community with a shared future for mankind and for opening up a new level of international cooperation. The manpower, material resources, and wisdom required for the construction of the Arctic have greatly exceeded that of a country or even the entire Arctic Council.
  • 714
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Environment, Social, and Governance Performance and Corporate Performance
As the sustainability of social and economic development has become a problem of global significance, the participation of the capital market in managing the social environment has become a crucial strategy. Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) refers to the evaluation of the sustainability of a company’s activities and their impact on societal values from the perspectives of the environment, society, and corporate governance.
  • 713
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Can Bioenergy Once again Become a Major Global Energy Source?
For all of human history except the past two centuries or so, bioenergy provided nearly all the world’s primary energy. Then, fossil fuels largely replaced bioenergy, but concern about climate change and fossil fuel depletion will force a move back to renewable energy, including bioenergy. The main method used here to study the future of global bioenergy was a literature surview of relevant published papers, with emphasis both on those published after 2020, and those having a global focus. The key finding is that bioenergy is unlikely to greatly increase its share of global energy consumption, for several reasons. Liquid biofuel production for transport is likely to almost disappear as countries progressively phase out internal combustion engine vehicles. Traditional firewood use is also projected to fall. There are also doubts about the technical potential of bioenergy, not only because it must compete with the other uses for biomass—food, fodder, fibre and timber—but also because in many cases its climate change mitigation impact is less than for other approaches, including alternative renewable energy sources. The overall conclusion is that bioenergy will have a minor but still useful role in the future global energy system, but global energy reductions are likely to be more important for climate stability than bioenergy.
  • 711
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage in Australia
There is mounting evidence that, unless greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions fall back quickly, the goals outlined by the 2015 Paris Agreement to keep the global temperature rise well below 2 °C and preferably 1.5 °C will not be met. In response to these concerns, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) technologies are gaining research and development attention. 
  • 705
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Recycling of Thermoplastics
Plastic materials have gathered attention recently due to their omnipresence in the global economy. The transition towards a circular economy is the only way to prevent the environment from landfilling and incineration.
  • 703
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Innovative Photovoltaic Cooling System (IPCoSy)
The field efficiency of silicon-based solar cells is dependent on various factors, including temperature. An increase in temperature results in a reduced efficiency of a magnitude dependent on the solar cell’s temperature coefficient. Furthermore, an increase in solar cell temperatures beyond levels specified by the manufacturer will result in a reduced lifetime and an increased probability of potential induced degradation and even failure. A patented Innovative Photovoltaic Cooling System (IPCoSy) is presented here. The full-scale prototypes are the same size as commercially available photovoltaic modules, making them easier to integrate in the current market. Designs can be commercially viable, especially when coupled with other systems such as reverse osmosis plants and water heating. 
  • 702
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Late Renaissance Garden Units
The use of plants in Renaissance gardens is the subject of numerous studies and essays on botanical history in Europe. A garden unit was defined as a garden or garden section with distinct denomination and function (plant use).  In the case of “Type A” sites, it can be identified as a total of three characteristic garden units on the basis of the archives, which occurred regularly in the examined Late Renaissance gardens: flower garden, vegetable garden, and orchard.
  • 699
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Production and CO2 Emissions
The global reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical priorities for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the Paris Agreement 2015. Therefore, it stimulates and increases the ability of countries to implement green imperatives in policies to force the anthropogenic environment, reduce use of fossil fuels, and simultaneously develop alternative energy.
  • 687
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Blue Carbon in Seychelles
Blue carbon has been proposed as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through the reduction in greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration. This proposal entails the protection, restoration, and conservation of blue carbon ecosystems such that these systems can optimally provide valuable ecosystem services. Challenges remain in funding the conservation and protection efforts blue carbon systems require to function optimally. The ecosystem services blue carbon systems provide can be capitalised upon through various “payment for ecosystem services” schemes, but these have their own unique challenges to resolve.
  • 687
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Urban Green Spaces for People with Disabilities
Urban green spaces have been increasingly evidenced to not only improve human health (both body and mind) and well-being but also promote a sustainable way of living for citizens as well as cities. These positive health and sustainable advantages have even greater impacts when applied to people with disabilities, which can ultimately evaluate their quality of life in the long run. 
  • 677
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Agronomic Protocols of Organic and Conventional Wheat Production
Agronomic protocols (rotation, tillage, fertilization and crop protection) commonly used in organic and conventional crop production differ significantly and there is evidence that modern varieties developed for conventional high-input farming systems do not have the combination of traits required for optimum performance in organic farming systems.
  • 673
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Smart Cities on Carbon Emission Intensity
The concept of “smart cities” plays a positive role in the overall green and sustainable development of a nation. However, it is still debated whether smart cities can restrain the carbon emission intensity at the micro-level and promote the green transformation of enterprises. 
  • 672
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis TiO2/ZnO Nanoparticles Based on Plant Extracts
Possible eco-friendly synthesis of TiO2, ZnO, as well as a few special nanomaterials, using different plant extracts instead of harmful organic solutions. The main role of the biomolecules in the synthesis of different NPs is the reduction of metal salts, as well as capping and stabilizing them. Hence, the plant-mediated nanomaterials have a variety of different shapes and sizes comparing to the general, chemical-based synthesis processes. Furthermore, these bio-compounds not only reduce the metal salts, but also functionalize the surface of the newly synthesized NPs, which includes synergistic effects for various applications. Furthermore, the pure plant extracts can also act as catalysts. Even though, that these phytochemicals are mainly used as reduction agents, they can also possess photoactivity and can be used as photocatalysts. 
  • 671
  • 13 May 2024
Topic Review
Technological Innovation Efficiency in China
Innovation is the engine and accelerator that drives high-quality economic and enterprise development. In recent years, the output of scientific and technological innovation in China has been high, but the phenomenon of low efficiency and low quality of innovation occurs frequently. Under the high-intensity systemic investment in innovation, China’s overall innovation capability continues to rise.According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China ranks first in research and experimental development (R&D) activities in the world’s major economies. From the perspective of innovation output, China is at the forefront of the world regarding the scale of patent authorisation and the number of international papers published. However, it is puzzling that China’s national innovation index has always been outside the top 10 in the world (in 2021, it ranked 12th). With the increasingly fierce scientific and technological competition between China and the United States of America (USA), the negative list of some core technologies from the USA has highlighted the problem of “sticking neck” in China’s key technologies. It reflects the fact that although China has a large amount of innovations, many are low-quality innovations. There are core technologies still controlled by others. The surging output of innovation in China has not been accompanied by the improvement of innovation quality, which also shows that China’s technological innovation is facing the dilemma of innovation inefficiency caused by the input–output mismatch. Technological innovation efficiency (TIE) is a key indicator to measure the output level of innovation input factors per unit time. Compared with other developed countries, China’s innovation efficiency is still far away in terms of TIE.
  • 659
  • 22 Jul 2022
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