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Topic Review
Pavement-Performance Ratings Methods
Pavement friction plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of road networks. Accurately assessing friction levels is vital for effective pavement maintenance and for the development of management strategies employed by state highway agencies.
  • 728
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
BIM in Green Building Design and Construction
Addressing clients’ demands, designers have become increasingly concerned about the operation phases of buildings and, more specifically, energy consumption. This issue has become more prominent as people realize that the Earth’s resources are limited and depleted, and buildings are major energy consumers. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has gained popularity and is widely used by architects, engineers, and construction teams to collaborate and provide a comprehensive design that follows a sustainable strategy.
  • 727
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Finite Element Simulation and 3D Printing in Construction
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), is a production can be utilised to fabricate 3D shapes from a simulated file. This technology has gained global popularity in the construction industry since 2014 due to its wide range of applications. AM promotes a more automated, innovative, flexible, and sustainable construction method, making it an integral part of the Construction Industry 4.0. 
  • 727
  • 14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Shading Calculation Methods and Regulation Simplifications
One of the “Goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” is to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (SDG7). Reducing the energy demand of buildings and prioritising urban forms that reconcile energy gains simultaneously with building/energy regulations could be one solution to achieve the goal. The European Union applies a methodology to calculate the energy performance of buildings according to the common general framework determined in Annex I of the European Directive 2010/31/EU, which determines the rules regarding the formulation of the calculation used to determine the energy performance of buildings. The implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) aims to develop a common strategy towards achieving nearly zero-energy buildings (NzEB) from 2020 onwards.
  • 722
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Characteristic of Heat Storage in Building Elements
The main factors determining the efficiency of heat storage systems are their cost, the efficiency of their heat storage and distribution, and, indirectly, their environmental impact. The important factors determining the efficiency of the heat accumulator are enthalpy of the phase change, heat transferability, chemical neutrality, low flammability, and low toxicity.
  • 718
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
3D-Printable Concrete for Energy-Efficient Buildings
Rapid construction with an energy-efficient approach is a major challenge in the present construction industry. Cement, a carbon-intensive material, is mainly used in the construction industry and hence increases the sector’s carbon footprint on the environment. Raw material characteristics play an important role in defining the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of 3D concrete. Raw material characterization includes finding particle size distribution, specific gravity, density, and morphology.
  • 716
  • 31 May 2023
Topic Review
Dynamic Emerging Glazing Technologies
The development of the existing dynamic glazing technologies enables modulating the g-value (thus, the amount of heat) and VT (thus, the light) penetrated through the glazing while ensuring outside vision. These dynamic glazing technologies, in particular the electrochromic ones, have been proven to be more effective than traditional static glazing regarding the reduction of energy demand for air conditioning and lighting. In addition, they provide occupants’ comfort of a higher level and quality. However, the prohibitively high cost does not allow their widespread dissemination and application in the building industry. Hence, new emerging dynamic glazing technologies are currently under research or development. 
  • 714
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Performance Measurement Framework
Projects often fail due to a lack of understanding of the project requirements and constraints necessary for overall success.
  • 705
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Social Media Analytics for Disaster Response Effectiveness
Disasters are sudden and catastrophic events with fatal consequences. Time-sensitive information collection from disaster zones is crucial for improved and data-driven disaster response. However, information collection from disaster zones in a prompt way is not easy or even possible. Human-centric information provided by citizen sensors through social media platforms create an opportunity for prompt information collection from disaster zones. 
  • 700
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sustainability of Earthquake Resilient Near Zero Energy Buildings
The climate crisis, the need for a circular economy, and the large financial losses after earthquakes have promoted the concept of the sustainable and resilient design of societies, and more specifically, of lifelines and building environments. Focused on building facilities, it is imperative to prescribe, within the aforementioned framework, the components that characterize earthquake resilient near zero energy buildings (ERnZEBs). This fact introduces an additional factor recognizing that not all projects have the same technical and financial values; the difference in budget, the type of owner, and the investment (private or public, company or private person) play important roles in creating an ERnZE building.
  • 700
  • 25 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Reactive Powder Concrete Microstructure and Particle Packing
Comparing reactive powder concrete’s physical, mechanical, and durability properties with those of HPC/UHPC shows that reactive powder concrete possesses better strength (both compressive and flexural) and lower permeability than HPC.
  • 699
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Predicting Concrete Pavement Condition for Sustainable Management
There has been significant research on the efficient and systematic management of road pavements as the aging of road pavements is rapidly progressing around the world. The road pavement management tasks can be broadly classified into (1) survey, (2) analysis, and (3) decision-making tasks. 
  • 698
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Social Network Pespective of Construction Project Resilience
For construction projects, resilience is the process of resisting and recovering from adversity. With the global economic and social environment constantly changing, improving the resilience of construction projects has become a research hotspot in the field of project management.
  • 692
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bibliometric Analysis of Bio- and Earth-Based Building Materials
The energy and environmental transition in the building sector requires the development and use of low-impact materials. Despite the growing interest in bio-based and earth-based building materials, their widespread adoption is still limited due to a lack of hindsight, as their study is relatively recent.
  • 683
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Semantic Segmentation of Key Railroad Structures
To ensure efficient railroad operation and maintenance management, the accurate reconstruction of railroad Building Information Modeling (BIM models is a crucial step. The segmentation of railroad point cloud data is often challenging due to the large volume and complex structure of the data, making manual division a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. However, the dominant structures in railroads are typically linear, such as tracks and power lines, which allows for segmentation by leveraging geometric features and corresponding algorithms.
  • 679
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Approaches to Sustainable Buildings and Cities
The assessment of the sustainability of buildings and cities is at the forefront of the environmental analysis of the built environment. Buildings are essential components of cities, where people spend a substantial part of their lives living, working, studying or relaxing. However, the same buildings and the whole construction industry are also responsible for considerable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. Sustainable development seeks to find “a balance between economic development, environmental protection and social improvement”, and the main aim of sustainable urban development is to create “beautiful, distinctive, secure, healthy and high-quality places for people to live and work in that foster a strong sense of community, pride, social equity, integration and identity”.
  • 676
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Earthworks Using Audio-Visual and Location-Sensing Technology
During earthworks, monitoring and controlling the actual productivity of construction machines enables insight into the progress of tasks, calculation of expected duration and costs, favorable use and allocation of machines, and the application of appropriate decisions and corrective measures, which is of great interest to contractors. Excavators and tipper trucks are primarily used in earthworks. Manual collection of data from the construction site to assess the actual productivity of machines is today considered an outdated, time-consuming, and subjective method.
  • 674
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Optimization Examples for Water Allocation, Energy, Carbon Emissions, and Costs
The field of Water Resources Management (WRM) is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, realizing its direct connections with energy, food, and social and economic sciences, among others. Computationally, this leads to more complex models, wherein the achievement of multiple goals is sought. Optimization processes have found various applications in such complex WRM problems. This entry considers the main factors involved in modern WRM, and puts them in a single optimization problem, including water allocation from different sources to different uses and non-renewable and renewable energy supplies, with their associated carbon emissions and costs. The entry explores the problem mathematically by presenting different optimization approaches, such as linear, fuzzy, dynamic, goal, and non-linear programming models. Furthermore, codes for each model are provided in Python, an open-source language. This entry has an educational character, and the examples presented are easily reproducible, so this is expected to be a useful resource for students, modelers, researchers, and water managers.
  • 667
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Factors Influencing the Viability of MSMSCFs
Identifying factors influencing the viability of medium, small, and micro scale construction firms (MSMSCFs) is a crucial precursor in positioning such firms to aid economic and infrastructural development, especially in developing countries.
  • 664
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Trends and Challenges in Railway Sustainability
Rail is expected to become the backbone of future mobility in the world as the cleanest and greenest high-volume transport. Rail generates the lowest CO2 emissions and energy consumption when in operation, with respect to the other transportation modes, but during construction and maintenance phases, its environmental impacts are significant and need to be carefully assessed and properly mitigated.
  • 660
  • 18 Dec 2023
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