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Topic Review
Intelligent Nanomaterials for Wearable, Stretchable Strain Sensor Applications
Nanostructured materials such as nanowires (NWs), nanoparticles (NPs), nanofibers (NFs), and nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers (CFs), graphite, and graphene (GE) have earned a wide focus in research due to their eminent physical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. In addition, the ease in cost, synthesis of these nanostructures in different morphologies, and further fabrication of devices for an extensive range of applications have made them essential in the field of device fabrication.
  • 421
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
General Characteristics of Chitosan
Chitosan is a naturally occurring compound that can be obtained from deacetylated chitin, which is obtained from various sources such as fungi, crustaceans, and insects. Commercially, chitosan is produced from crustaceans. Based on the range of its molecular weight, chitosan can be classified into three different types, namely, high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC, >700 kDa), medium molecular weight chitosan (MMWC, 150–700 kDa), and low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC, less than 150 kDa).
  • 420
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) Gels: A Review
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are emerging nanomaterials derived from the most abundant renewable polymer on earth, being widely distributed in plants, bacteria, algae, etc., which can be extracted from these cellulosic sources through mechanical disintegration, controlled sulfuric acid hydrolysis and mixed acid hydrolysis.
  • 418
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microplastics Invading Human Organs and Bodily Fluids Systems
Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles resulting from the degradation of larger plastic items and from primary sources such as textiles, engineered plastic pellets, etc., have become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. As their prevalence in the natural environment grows, concerns about their potential impacts on human health have escalated.
  • 414
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Engineering of PVA/PVP Hydrogels for Agricultural Applications
Hydrogels have gained significant popularity in agricultural applications in terms of minimizing waste and mitigating the negative environmental impact of agrochemicals. The utilization of environmentally friendly, shapable hydrogels composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in various casings for crop protection are examined against different pests, fertilizing, and watering. To activate their effectiveness, PVA/PVP hydrogels were loaded with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environmentally friendly pesticides, namely hydrogen peroxide (HP), the essential oil thymol, and urea as a fertilizer, either separately or in combination. 
  • 410
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Solid-State Zinc Secondary Batteries with Alkaline Electrolytes
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained significant recognition as highly promising rechargeable batteries for the future due to their exceptional safety, low operating costs, and environmental advantages. Alkaline electrolytes have a long history of application in zinc-ion batteries. Alkaline electrolytes offer several advantages compared to neutral and acidic electrolytes. The benefits of alkaline electrolytes encompass a high operating voltage, rapid reaction kinetics, and enhanced ionic conductivity. KOH is the preferred alkaline electrolyte in rechargeable zinc batteries due to its notable characteristics such as the high solubility of zinc salt in KOH solution and the superior ionic conductivity of K+ (73.5 S cm−2) compared to Na+ (50.1 S cm−2) and Li+ (38.7 S cm−2). 
  • 404
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
MIP Application for the Detection of Infectious Diseases
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors have enormous potential for disease detection. Infectious diseases can be detected and identified using MIPs, which are imprinted with whole viruses or specific proteins—biomarkers. Simple detection of the virus can be achieved by whole virus surface imprinting because viruses are easily identified by their morphology and surface properties. Other imprinting techniques and related sensitivity of the prepared MIP-based sensors are bulk imprinting, soft lithography, self-assembly, and the particle core-shell (template immobilization technique). Using MIP-based technology, viruses can be detected by a whole virus, as in the case of the Japanese encephalitis virus imprinted in the tetraethyl orthosilicate or hepatitis A virus imprinted in polydopamine (PDA), virus aptamer (e.g., HIV-1 gene imprinted in poly(o-phenylenediamine on ITO), main protein (e.g., spike protein or NS1 (non-structural protein 1—a specific and sensitive biomarker for dengue virus infection) or HIV-p24 (human immunodeficiency virus p24)), epitope (e.g., glycoprotein 41, gp41 (of related protein to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1))) templates. 
  • 403
  • 03 Jul 2023
Biography
Mahmoud A. Hussein
M.A. Hussein is a professor of Polymer Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University (AU), Egypt. He obtained his PhD in Organic Polymer Synthesis from Assiut University, Egypt in 2007. He got a position at Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 2010 – till now. He got a postdoctoral position in the Unive
  • 403
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Conductive Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have proven useful as receptor materials in chemical sensing and have been reported for a wide range of applications. Based on their simplicity and stability compared to other receptor types, they bear huge application potential related to ongoing digitalization. This is the case especially for conductive molecularly imprinted polymers (cMIPs), which allow easy connection to commercially available sensing platforms; thus, they do not require complex measuring setups.
  • 401
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Functional Polymeric Plastic for Bakery Products
Polymeric materials including plastic and paper are commonly used as packaging for bakery products. The incorporation of active substances produces functional polymers that can effectively retain the quality and safety of packaged products. Polymeric materials can be used to produce a variety of package forms such as film, tray, pouch, rigid container and multilayer film. 
  • 398
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Simultaneous Production of Cellulose Nitrates and Bacterial Cellulose
The scientific hypothesis about the possibility of simultaneous production of two independent of each other products from Miscanthus giganteus, namely the product of chemical modification of cellulose - cellulose nitrates and the product of biosynthesis - bacterial cellulose was tested.
  • 391
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Resins and Additive Manufacturing in Stereolithographies
Since its inception in 1984, 3D printing has revolutionized manufacturing by leveraging the additivity principle and simple material–energy coupling. Stereolithography, as the pioneering technology, introduced the concept of photopolymerization with a single photon. This groundbreaking approach not only established the essential criteria for additive processes employing diverse localized energies and materials, including solid, pasty, powdery, organic, and mineral substances, but also underscored the significance of light–matter interactions in the spatial and temporal domains, impacting various critical aspects of stereolithography’s performance.
  • 383
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Aliphatic Polyesters by ADMET Polymerization and Hydrogenation
The recent developments of the synthesis of bio-based long-chain aliphatic polyesters by the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of α,ω-dienes, derived from plant oils and bio-based chemicals, like bis(10-undecenoate) with isosorbide, using ruthenium-carbene catalysts. The development of subsequent (one-pot) tandem hydrogenation produced saturated polyesters under mild conditions.
  • 380
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Structure-Oriented Design of Hyper-Crosslinked Porous Organic Nanomaterials
Hyper-crosslinked porous organic nanomaterials, especially the hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), are a unique class of materials that combine the benefits of high surface area, porous structure, and good chemical and thermal stability all rolled into one. A wide range of synthetic methods offer an enormous variety of HCPs with different pore structures and morphologies, which has allowed HCPs to be developed for gas adsorption and separations, chemical adsorption and encapsulation, and heterogeneous catalysis. 
  • 378
  • 15 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Electrospinning Method for Plant Extracts
Since antiquity, humans have known about plants as a medicinal cure. Plant extracts are attracting more attention as a result of their natural origin and wide range of desirable features. Nanotechnology’s progress and innovations enable the production of novel materials with enhanced properties for a broad range of applications. Electrospinning is a cutting-edge, flexible and economical technique that allows the creation of continuous nano- and microfibrous membranes with tunable structure, characteristics and functionalities. 
  • 374
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Recycling of Thermoplastics
Plastic materials have gathered attention recently due to their omnipresence in the global economy. The transition towards a circular economy is the only way to prevent the environment from landfilling and incineration.
  • 373
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Liquid Phase Infiltration of Block Copolymers
Novel materials with defined composition and structures at the nanoscale are increasingly desired in several research fields spanning a wide range of applications. Self-assembling materials such as block copolymers (BCPs), in combination with liquid phase infiltration (LPI) processes, represent an ideal strategy for the synthesis of inorganic materials into even more complex and functional features.
  • 370
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Types of Membranes for CO2 Capture and Utilization
Membranes are a promising technology platform for CO2 capture because they are modular, scalable, and compact. This makes them desirable for process intensification and reducing energy costs. Biocatalytic membranes encompass many different types of materials and functionality.
  • 370
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Microgels for Enhanced Oil Recovery
In todays’ world, there is an increasing number of mature oil fields every year, a phenomenon that is leading to the development of more elegant enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies that are potentially effective for reservoir profile modification. The technology of conformance control using crosslinked microgels is one the newest trends that is gaining momentum every year. This is due to the simplicity of the treatment process and its management, as well as the guaranteed effect in the case of the correct well candidate selection.
  • 369
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Selected Polymers - Structure, Properties and Food-Related Applications
Every application of a substance results from the macroscopic property of the substance that is related to the substance’s microscopic structure. For example, the forged park gate in your city was produced thanks to the malleability and ductility of metals, which are related to the ability of shifting of layers of metal cations, while fire extinguishing powders use the high boiling point of compounds related to their regular ionic and covalent structures. This also applies to polymers.
  • 368
  • 27 May 2022
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