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Topic Review
A Connected Community Approach to Building Community Resilience
Urban resilience research is recognizing the need to complement a mainstream preoccupation with “hard” infrastructure (electrical grid, storm sewers, etc.) with attention to the “soft” (social) infrastructure issues that include the increased visibility of and role for civil society, moving from (top-down, paternalistic) government to (participatory) governance. Analyses of past shock events invariably point to the need for more concerted efforts in building effective governance and networked relations between civil society groupings and formal institutions before, during, and after crisis. However, the literature contains little advice on how to go about this. A Connected Communities Approach is advanced that offers the missing guidance, and it's key features are explained.
  • 2.4K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Neighborhood Wellbeing of Townships in South Africa
Townships in South Africa are characterized by underdeveloped urban neighborhoods on the periphery of cities, where their inhabitants suffer from a poor quality of life. 
  • 2.2K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Wayfinding Strategies for Non-Emergency Services in Australian Hospitals
Wayfinding refers to the process of guiding individuals through built spaces, particularly in environments where navigation may be challenging due to complex layouts. In hospital settings, efficient wayfinding is essential as it directly impacts the experiences of patients, visitors, and staff. This entry focuses on wayfinding strategies in Australian hospitals, where research on this topic is limited. The entry uses a comparative case study approach to analyse various wayfinding techniques for non-emergency services, including physical signage, digital navigation systems, and spatial design elements across six hospitals in Australia. The findings indicate that combining visual cues, digital tools, and spatial planning improves navigation efficiency. However, the hospital size and layout significantly influence the effectiveness of these systems. This entry provides insights into the current wayfinding strategies and challenges in Australian hospitals and suggests further research on global case studies using the comparative framework and definitions provided here.
  • 2.2K
  • 06 Jan 2025
Topic Review
Improvement in Durability and Service of Asphalt Pavements
Develop a pavement design procedure that allows calibrating the design variables of asphalt pavements using regionalized conditions, to obtain efficient pavement performance for developing countries with limited resources and data.
  • 2.1K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Urban Land Suitability
Urban land suitability could be evaluated from the aspects such as the imbalance of the existing land-use structure and function distribution, along with the scarcity of land resources, so as to provide people with more a rational use of land service space.
  • 2.1K
  • 26 Nov 2021
Topic Review
China’s New-Type Urbanisation
China’s new-type urbanisation, as a national strategy, is one of the reasons why the leap in development has been made in the last decade. Existing studies mainly focus on the status and outcomes of china’s new-type urbanisation while stressing not enough the overlooked aspects of new-type urbanisation policies that are currently in use. 
  • 2.1K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Publicness Assessment
Publicness is one of the substantial attributes of public open spaces (POS). The concept of publicness involves the definition of public (versus private). 
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Rent Regulation in Portugal
The regulation has a significant impact on tenant–landlord relations and the overall functioning of the private rented sector. Different forms of rent regulation—in relation to rent levels, rent increases, security of tenure, etc.—also affect the quality, the social composition and, ultimately, the size of the private rented sector. Together they affect the character of much urban regeneration and renewal. The introduction in Portugal of more flexible rent regimes that aimed to gradually replace open-ended tenancies with freely negotiated contracts led researchers to classify the country as a free market system. 
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Drives of Urban Village Redevelopment
Urban village redevelopment generally refers to the demolition and rehabilitation of urban village buildings, involving several complicated processes, including urban space rebuilding, land ownership transformation, land value increment, and spatial benefit redistribution, which have attracted serious attention from the academic community in the past decades. At least three main processes from demand, supply and state interventions perspectives have driven urban village redevelopment in China.
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Urban Growth Boundary
With the rapid and unregulated nature of urban expansion occurring in Chattogram, Bangladesh, the adoption of urban growth restriction mechanisms such as the urban growth boundary (UGB) can provide a robust framework necessary to direct the development of built-up areas in a way that curtails the growth in environmentally sensitive areas of the city. UGBs, in simple terms, can be defined as land regulations that have been put into place, in most cases, by the local government to prohibit urban growth and development beyond a defined boundary. The UGBs are designed to protect non-urban land outside the boundary and to promote compact, contiguous, and sustainable urban development. The UGB, as an urban growth policy tool, has been implemented in a wide variety of cities in both the developed and the developing world.
  • 1.8K
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Art Galleries in the 8th Arrondissement of Paris
Today in Paris, it is the Marais neighborhood—a sector that started developing in the 1970s but even more in the 1980s and 1990s—that epitomizes the place to be for contemporary art galleries. The implantation of contemporary galleries in Paris clearly results from a historical process that led them from the 8th arrondissement to the Marais, stopping briefly at Saint-Germain-des-Prés (or the 6th arrondissement) mostly for small avant-garde structures.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Urban Agriculture in the Interior Design Studio
Urban agriculture as an alternative solution can reduce the future burden on agriculture sector. As a response to this issue, the interior architecture design studio-V (INT 401) proposes a futuristic vision which is based on the notion of urban agriculture. This vision requires a pedagogical framework to be defined for the interior design studio-V. 
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review Video
The Image of the Smart City
The image of the city was first introduced by Kevin Lynch in 1960, and referred to the ways in which urban space is perceived by their users, and how these acts are based on mental maps, whose elements can be put into well-defined categories: paths, nodes, edges, districts, and landmarks.
  • 1.7K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
George Town’s Street Art
Street art is promoted in most countries to intensify the cultural elements of the cityscape. George Town was officially recognized as one of the World Heritage Cities by UNESCO in 2008. As a result, the Penang state government also promoted street art projects between 2009 and 2012 to shape the city’s cultural identity. Therefore, street art is highlighted as one of the cultural elements that cannot be neglected in heritage cities. Street art and heritage city are comparable in terms of promoting tourism activities, especially in George Town. Street art is a form of cultural innovation in transforming public spaces for the purpose of urban regeneration. 
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Barriers to Industrial Heritage Reconstruction and Reuse
The reconstruction and reuse of industrial heritage has constituted important means for the protection of that heritage, and has played a crucial role in promoting urban renewal and sustainable urban development. Based on time limits imposed on the completion of any reconstruction and reuse project, the obstacles can be divided into financial and systemic barriers in the early stage of a project and into secondary problems in the latter stage of a project. 
  • 1.5K
  • 05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Food Delivery Couriers and Urban Public Space
Food delivery couriers are a new type of worker created in modern cities within the background of a sharing economy. As a form of gig worker, they shuttle through the streets and take charge of order distribution for digital labor platforms. Food delivery couriers use the atriums and streets of their community neighborhood as their places of work and rest, occupying the public spaces that belonged to the original residents. Additionally, this phenomenon sets off a chain reaction which not only creates conflicts with the activities and passage of residents, creating time–space interlinkages, but also exerts profound influence on the economic and population structure of the region. 
  • 1.5K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Urban Green Infrastructure
The urban green infrastructure (UGI) is “an interconnected network of urban green spaces, including multiple types of natural or man-made systems, ranging from large-scale water or terrestrial ecosystems to small-scale pocket parks or green components, such as green walls in cities”. It provides ecosystems services that are highly important for human well-being in cities.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Policy Effects of Talent Housing in Shanghai
Housing has become pivotal in attracting and retaining talent in first-tier cities. Although numerous cities are actively promoting the provision of talent housing in China, little is known about the talent’s evaluations of talent housing policies or the effect on their urban settlement intention. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyse the factors significantly contributing to the settlement intentions of the talent. Talent housing was confirmed to alleviate the talent’s housing pressures and further increase their urban settlement intention. The local hukou was determined to be crucial in accelerating the willingness of talent to settle in Shanghai. However, housing affordability (including school district housing) may jeopardise such positive effects. It is crucial to provide more choices of talent housing and increase the coverage of good-quality educational resources. In the long run, more talent can be attracted and retained in the locality under a broader coverage of the talent housing scheme.
  • 1.5K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Smart Cities and Urban Energy Planning
This review paper comprehensively investigates the dynamic interplay between technological innovations and urban energy planning within the framework of smart cities. It embarks on a comprehensive bibliometric analysis encompassing over 9,300 publications to critically assess the progression, ambitions, obstacles, and the evident disconnection between technological advancements and the necessary policy and regulatory frameworks. This paper categorizes the multifaceted aspects of smart city initiatives, including energy-efficient buildings, sustainable urban design, intelligent transportation systems, and the integration of smart grids, drawing attention to the predominantly technology-centric focus in existing research. It underscores a substantial gap in the literature regarding the holistic integration of policy measures that are crucial for bridging the divide between technology and societal needs. By highlighting these discrepancies, the paper advocates for a more cohesive approach that aligns technological solutions with strategic policy development, aiming to optimize the benefits of smart city initiatives. This involves a critical evaluation of policy challenges, suggesting the imperative for comprehensive strategies that encompass regulatory, economic, and socio-technical dimensions to enhance urban sustainability and resilience. Through this detailed investigation, the paper contributes valuable insights into the evolution of smart cities, offering a roadmap for future research and policy-making to harness the full potential of urban technological innovations in creating socially just, environmentally friendly and energy-efficient urban ecosystems.
  • 1.5K
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Peer Effects in Housing Size in Rural China
In recent decades, rural China has witnessed a housing construction boom. In order to control the rapid growth of rural housing, both central and local governments have established quantitative restrictions on the floor numbers and total housing area; however, these have been relatively ineffective. Current research to explain this rapid growth in rural housing tends to consider independent household behavior, while social interactions among villagers are neglected.
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Feb 2022
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