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Topic Review
Innovative and Competitive in Tourism Destinations
New tourism destinations and product supply are increasingly popular strategies among industry players to create competitiveness and sustaining the tourism industry. The tourism industry has become more vibrant since globalization emerged with technological changes, thus influencing human travel movements, life-styles, and current trends. 
  • 2.2K
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Research Trends of Protected Areas and Nature-Based Tourism
Nature-based tourism (NBT) represents a significant sector within global tourism, which may represent approximately 20% of the global tourism market. In parallel, many natural areas and ecosystems are threatened by challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic activities, calling into question their sustainability.
  • 2.2K
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Community-Based Tourism in Central Asia
Community-based tourism (CBT) is conceived as a form of relatively low-scale tourism that is managed by a group of locally owned businesses to benefit the community and, in some cases, contribute to conservation (when taking place in or near protected areas) . It is marketed as a means of enhancing livelihoods and creating opportunities for community development and is defined as being in, owned, and managed by the community, which receives a sizable portion of the benefits.
  • 2.1K
  • 26 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Digital Entrepreneurship and Creative Industries in Tourism
Digital entrepreneurship and creative industries in tourism have been emerging strongly, possibly as a result of the global pandemic of the last two years. Their growth in the last decade has been due to the penetration of technology into the daily life of the tourist and the desire for tours that combine intangible value and a differentiated experience. 
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Self-Congruity of Visitor in Heritage Hotels
Heritage hotels attract a large number of foreign and domestic tourists by offering luxurious experiences while also providing an opportunity to learn about the history, art, culture, tastes, traditions, and sentiments present in various eras in a region’s history. Self-congruity greatly influences the visitor’s emotional experiences; the concept of visitors’ self-congruity should find more attention in heritage tourism. Furthermore, using digital technologies can probably improve the overall tourism experience.
  • 1.9K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Tourist Value Lead to Loyalty
The perceived value of a tourist’s trip, representing a trade-off between costs and benefits of travelling to a destination, can exert a significant influence on tourists’ loyalty, which is a main concern for managers of tourist destinations.
  • 1.9K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Sport During Franco’s Technocracy: From Propaganda to Development
Sport in Spain during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975) underwent significant evolution across three distinct political phases: autarky, the technocratic stage, and late Francoism. Each of these periods was characterized by different approaches and uses of sport within the regime’s political structure. In the early years, sport was primarily employed as a tool for propaganda and social control, aligning with the authoritarian values of the state. Subsequently, with the rise of technocrats in the 1960s, reforms were implemented to promote the structural development of the sports system, fostering its modernization and the creation of specialized institutions. Finally, in the late Francoist period, sport became an instrument for international projection, as Spain increased its participation in international competitions and hosted sporting events. This entry analyzes the primary governmental initiatives for the organization and promotion of sport during the Franco regime, with particular attention to the administrative roles played by figures such as José Antonio Elola-Olaso and Juan Antonio Samaranch in the evolving structure of the Spanish sports system. Through an analysis based on documentary sources, it provides a comprehensive overview of Francoist sports policies, their objectives, and their impact on Spanish society. In this regard, sport under Franco’s rule was not only a means of political control but also laid the foundation for the later professionalization and globalization of Spanish sport.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Concepts of Rural Tourism and Farm Tourism
The analysis of environmental, social, and economic factors as vectors for the sustainable development of farm tourism is introduced.
  • 1.8K
  • 11 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Education in Tourism
Learning and gaining knowledge by traveling have been present in human history for centuries. Education does so well in tourism because it is accompanied by human curiosity about the world. Tourism can teach natural, social, and historical sciences. It is an important tool for learning about the past that influences the present and the future, especially if it is a difficult past such as the memory of the Holocaust. Tourism can help to draw conclusions about the past as long as it contributes to the acquisition of specific knowledge.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Analysis of Latin American Theme Parks
Latin American theme parks are not as well-known as North American, European, Asian and Pacific theme parks such as Disneyland, Universal Studios, Europa Park, Legoland, Chimelong Ocean Kingdom, Ocean Park and Nagashima Spa Land, but they have become an integral tourist attraction within the Latin American tourism industry, which attracts millions of visitors annually with the help of airports and airlines, public transport networks, accommodations and the wider population. Theme parks contribute significantly to the sustainability of destinations in numerous areas, including investments in infrastructures, tourism revenues, tax revenues, job creation and community sustenance.
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Life Subjective Expectations from Hosting Mega-Events
Mega-events can bring significant changes to local communities, such as infrastructure improvement, which brings the host country economic benefits, and international publicity and voluntary participation, which change the consciousness of residents and promote consensus-building. 
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Health Tourism in China
Health tourism refers to domestic and international tourism for individuals to improve their health in order to achieve the purpose of treating individuals and protecting their well-being. The concept of health tourism evolved from medical tourism to health-care tourism, and to the concurrent health tourism.
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review Video
Virtual Travel
Virtual experience in tourism and hospitality can be broadly described as the totality of tourists’ affective, cognitive, and sensorial responses before, during, and after interaction with the virtual environment (VR). VR is traditionally defined as a computer-generated environment where the user has an opportunity to immerse, look around, and control the experience. Technologies represented in virtual reality range from 360° videos, VR, AR, and virtual meetings to the digital world as a persistent virtual environment, which can be broadly classified based on the levels of immersion, presence, and complexity. The levels of immersion can be defined as non-immersive (e.g., computer, display, mice), semi-immersive (e.g., high-resolution displays, projectors, hard simulators), and fully immersive (e.g., VR glasses, head mount display), based on the type of simulation and degree of user’s abstraction from the real world.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 Mar 2023
Topic Review
The Dangers of Travel—Banditry on the Roads
Since the dawn of time, one of the main barriers to travel has been the fear of leaving one’s place of residence and travelling into a foreign unknown and dangerous space. However, at the same time, firmly rooted in human nature is the desire to know and experience travel, this archetypal inner need is the motive for undertaking travel. In the past, in ancient times, it was difficult to travel safely, not always succeeding in avoiding dangerous areas and being among the friendly inhabitants of distant countries. In modern times, too, travel is dangerous and no traveler can have the comfort of carefree travel until the end.
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Agritourism and Mental-Health in Korea
Green-space exposure can play a crucial role in promoting the health and wellbeing of people. Agritourism is a unique ‘experience’ or ‘activity’ that can allow urban dwellers to participate and reconnect to nature through agriculture on a working farm. Moreover, visiting rural green spaces gives a chance to forget the hectic urban life; it allows the tourist to focus on their own and society’s general wellbeing. Agritourism activities can provide the feel of connection with nature and offer visitors the nostalgia of a “quiet” traditional life. Visiting agritourism sites and engaging in the associated activities can improve the perceived immediate mood. In addition, perceived wellbeing might contribute to such immediate mood-boosting.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Heritage Tourism AR Experiential Value
Augmented reality (AR) provides a multidimensional environment that overlays digital contents on a real environment, allowing visitors to see and receive information while preserving the original state of the site. Experiential value refers to interactions that involved the direct usage or distant appreciation of products and services. A true relationship exists between a tourism destination and AR if the integration of AR into a site exerts a holistic effect on travelers. In this regard, the experiential value of AR is considered important because it relies on the value obtained from the interaction between an individual using AR technology and a dynamic experience element. Therefore, the experiential value of AR in heritage tourism can be a salient antecedent to visitors' perception of new technologies and destinations and their future intentions and behavior.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Unsustainable Tourism Approaches in Touristic Destinations
Large investments made because of high tourism revenues in touristic destinations can threaten balanced growth, ecological sensitivity and sustainable tourism principles.
  • 1.6K
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cultural Identity in the Tourism Development of Colombia
Cultural identity, a concept deeply ingrained in disciplines like archaeology, history, and anthropology, has been a subject of ongoing discussion for experts across the ages. It encompasses the unique set of values, traditions, and customs that define a particular group of people. 
  • 1.6K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint is “a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that is directly and indirectly caused by the activities of an individual or is accumulated over the life stages of a product”.
  • 1.6K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Challenges Faced by the Disabled Population
Despite the destination’s great potential in terms of attractions and recreational facilities, there are measurable deficits in accessible tourism. If tourism operators want to take advantage of the rising tide of accessible tourism to attract more tourists and have a competitive advantage in this growing niche market, they should improve infrastructure facilities to meet the needs of disabled tourists.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 May 2022
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