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Topic Review
Application of Graphene Oxide Nano-Channels
Ion and water transport at the Angstrom/Nano scale has always been one of the focuses of experimental and theoretical research. In particular, the surface properties of the angstrom channel and the solid-liquid interface interaction will play a decisive role in ion and water transport when the channel size is small to molecular or angstrom level.
  • 724
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Hybrid Nanofluids
In response to the issues of environment, climate, and human health coupled with the growing demand for energy due to increasing population and technological advancement, the concept of sustainable and renewable energy is presently receiving unprecedented attention. To achieve these feats, energy savings and efficiency are crucial in terms of the development of energy-efficient devices and thermal fluids. Limitations associated with the use of conventional thermal fluids led to the discovery of energy-efficient fluids called “nanofluids, which are established to be better than conventional thermal fluids. The research progress on nanofluids has led to the development of the advanced nanofluids coined “hybrid nanofluids” (HNFs) found to possess superior thermal-optical properties than conventional thermal fluids and nanofluids. 
  • 723
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Potential-Controlled Friction Systems
Tribotronics represents the modulation of friction via an external electric potential, a field with promising ramifications for intelligent devices, precision manufacturing, and biomedical applications. A profound elucidation of mechanisms that allow for potential-controlled friction is foundational to further research in this tribotronic domain. 
  • 723
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an alternative power source for automobiles that are capable of being cleaner and emission-free. As of yet, long-term durability is a core issue to be resolved for the mass production of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that requires varied research in the range from sustainable materials to the optimal operating strategy. The capacity to accurately estimate performance degradation is critical for developing reliable and durable PEMFCs. 
  • 720
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
CFD Analysis in LAA Thrombus Formation Risk
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and rapid electrical activity in the atria, leading to ineffective contraction and poor blood flow. More than 90% of the left atrial (LA) thrombi that cause thromboembolic events during atrial fibrillation (AF) develop in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis can be used to better understand the risk of thrombus formation and subsequent embolic events. 
  • 714
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Pulsed Flows and Patterned Surfaces Mitigate Membrane Fouling
Patterned membrane surfaces offer a hydrodynamic approach to mitigating concentration polarization and subsequent surface fouling. However, when subject to steady crossflow conditions, surface patterns promote particle accumulation in the recirculation zones of cavity-like spaces. In comparison, a rapidly pulsed crossflow induces mixing mechanisms (i.e., the deep sweep and the vortex ejection) that disrupt recirculation zones and reduce the rate of particle accumulation.
  • 711
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Full Electric Mobility
Global warming originates mainly from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among them, carbon dioxide is the most critical man-made greenhouse gas that is constantly referred to. For this reason, total greenhouse gases are measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq), a unit of measurement used to standardize the effects of the various greenhouse gases on the climate. CO2-eq is a metric used to compare the emissions of different greenhouse gases based on their global-warming potential (GWP) by converting the amounts of other gases to the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide with the same global warming potential. 
  • 708
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Prognosis and Health Management of Solid-State Batteries
Solid-state batteries (SSBs), in which the organic liquid electrolyte is substituted by solid electrolytes (SEs), have shown to be a proper substitute for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by replacing the organic electrolyte with solid materials. SSBs are nonlinear dynamical electrochemical systems with complex internal mechanisms. In contrast to LIBs, SSBs significantly improve component safety, electrochemical stability, energy and power density, and the durability of battery packs. However, in order to make battery packs market-ready, reliability, health state, and operational safety of the batteries should be evaluated and guaranteed. Herein, battery prognostics and health management (PHM) has emerged as a reliable engineering discipline that ensures the safety and availability of batteries. Battery PHM refers to a multifaceted advanced set of techniques that ensures the integrity and functionality of the battery systems. In particular, it follows a systematic framework to accurately predict batteries’ state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining useful life (RUL) by estimating the products performance given the current degree of deviation and degradation and suggesting an optimal health management strategy. Due to the complex nature of electrochemical and mechanical behavior of SSBs, predicting the remaining lifetime and SOH of batteries become an extremely difficult task. However, it is essential to accurately estimate the battery status to ensure the functionality and timely maintenance of the batteries under various operating conditions.
  • 696
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Feedstock for Fused Deposition Modeling
Three-dimensional printing enables building objects shaped with a large degree of freedom. Additional functionalities can be included by modifying the printing material, e.g., by embedding nanoparticles in the molten polymer feedstock, the resin, or the solution used for printing, respectively. Such composite materials may be stronger or more flexible, conductive, magnetic, etc. 
  • 692
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Product Engineering Modelling in Aesthetic Design Education
By progressively embracing the general principles of integrated, parametric, interdisciplinary design that considers the manufacturing elements of the imagined product, the modern aesthetic designer is called upon to broaden their knowledge and abilities. Especially when there is a need to produce complex shapes, when cost-effective, there are also numerous 3D printing technologies available today, to be used both in the conceptual phase (prototyping) and for actual production.
  • 689
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Infrared Based Techniques in Microfluidic Applications
A body at a temperature around ambient values emits electromagnetic radiation in the infrared (IR) band of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., with a wavelength from 700 nm to 1 mm. Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light. It covers a range of techniques and can be used in microfluidic applications.
  • 687
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sustainability in Natural-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRCs) from renewable and biodegradable fiber and sustainable polymer resins have gained substantial attention for their potential to mitigate environmental impacts. The limitations of these composites become evident when considered in the context of high-performance engineering applications, where synthetic fiber composites like glass or carbon FRCs typically dominate. A balance between the performance of the composite and biodegradability is imperative in the pursuit of what may be termed an environmentally conscious composite. 
  • 686
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Handbike for Daily Use, Sport, and Rehabilitation Purposes
With respect to alternative devices like traditional wheelchairs, handbikes can offer advantages from biomechanical and physiological perspectives, to several kinds of users. Assuring high mechanical efficiency and homogeneous force distributions along cycles, and being suitable for indoor and outdoor activities, these systems are used for rehabilitation, sports, and daily applications. From a technical perspective, their main characteristics can vary with the device final purpose and operational context.
  • 686
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biomimetic Venus Flytrap Structures
Biomimetic structures are inspired by elegant and complex architectures of natural creatures, drawing inspiration from biological structures to achieve specific functions or improve specific strength and modulus to reduce weight. In particular, the rapid closure of a Venus flytrap leaf is one of the fastest motions in plants, its biomechanics does not rely on muscle tissues to produce rapid shape-changing, which is significant for engineering applications. Composites are ubiquitous in nature and are used for biomimetic design due to their superior overall performance and programmability. 
  • 669
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
A Vision-Based Micro-Manipulation System
Micro-manipulation systems play a critical role in various scientific and industrial applications, enabling precise handling and control of microscopic objects. Precise micro-manipulation is essential, whether it involves the assembly of microelectronic components, the handling of biological samples, or the fabrication of micro-scale structures. However, achieving accurate manipulation at the micro-scale poses unique challenges, primarily due to the minuscule size of the objects involved.
  • 668
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Composite Cold Spray for Coated Bores
The tribological performance of a thermal sprayed, mirror-like surface with localized protuberances was investigated through tribotests and computational simulation. A composite coating with a 410L steel matrix and M2 tool steel hard particles was applied by the cold spray process as a bore coating for combustion engines. The presence of protuberances promoted the quick formation of an antifriction tribofilm when tested with an SAE 0W-16 containing ZDDP and MoDTC, which significantly reduced the asperity friction in comparison to the conventional engine coated bores in reciprocating tribological tests.
  • 665
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Cantilevers and Scanners in Atomic Force Microscopy
The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measures a sample’s surface topology in three dimensions and studies its physical properties at the nanometric scale. Typically, AFM consists of a few functional blocks: a positioning stage, a cantilever, a scanner, a controller, data processing, and visualization algorithms.
  • 655
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Environment Perception System of Quadruped Robots
Due to the high stability and adaptability, quadruped robots are highly discussed in the robotics field. To overcome the complicated environment indoor or outdoor, the quadruped robots should be configured with an environment perception system, which mostly contain LiDAR or a vision sensor, and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) is deployed. 
  • 654
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
An Outline of the Selective Laser Sintering Process
For different manufacturing processes, porosity occurs in parts made using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology, representing one of the weakest points of materials produced with these processes. 
  • 626
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions
Renewable energy use has accelerated due to global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations. Among renewable options, solar and wind energy have shown economic viability and global growth. Horizontal axis wind turbines offer promising solutions for sustainable energy demand. Since wind turbines operate in an open environment, their efficiency depends on environmental conditions. Hazard environmental conditions, such as icing, rainfall, hailstorms, dust or sand, insects’ collisions, increased humidity, and sea spray, result in degraded aerodynamic characteristics.
  • 620
  • 06 Dec 2023
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