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Topic Review
Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
The main host target receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is involved in maintaining blood pressure and vascular remodeling, and is expressed on adipocytes, other cells at mucosal surfaces, and in the vasculature, heart, kidneys, pancreas and brain.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Radial Artery Occlusion
The thrombotic occlusion of the radial artery has emerged as the most common complication of transradial coronary access, impeding its use in future interventions, and in the creation of arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis patients, or as a graft for coronary artery bypass grafting. In this entry, the researchers delve into the anatomy of the radial artery, the pathophysiology, and diagnosis of radial artery occlusion, the identification of potential risk factors, and finally prevention and treatment strategies. It is acknowledged that distal transradial access provides an effective alternative for coronary angiography and catheterization, with a reduced incidence of radial artery occlusion.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Congenital Afibrinogenemia and Hypofibrinogenemia
Congenital fibrinogen disorders are rare pathologies of the hemostasis, comprising quantitative and qualitative disorders. The clinical phenotype is highly heterogeneous, being associated with bleeding, thrombosis, or absence of symptoms. Afibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia are the consequence of mutations in the homozygous, heterozygous, or compound heterozygous state in one of three genes encoding the fibrinogen chains, which can affect the synthesis, assembly, intracellular processing, stability, or secretion of fibrinogen. In addition to standard coagulation tests depending on the formation of fibrin, diagnostics also includes global coagulation assays, which are effective in monitoring the management of replacement therapy. Genetic testing is a key point for confirming the clinical diagnosis. The identification of the precise genetic mutations of congenital fibrinogen disorders is of value to permit early testing of other at risk persons and better understand the correlation between clinical phenotype and genotype.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Obesity Effects of Natural Constituents
Obesity is a chronic metabolic complication, and its management requires long-term medication, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions. Patients taking anti-obesity medications may suffer from side effects such as psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression, and vitamin deficiency. Various classes of natural compounds are promising agents to combat the obesity pandemic. Developing safer drugs may require polytherapeutic strategies to combat the global obesity pandemic.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Prone Positioning and COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress
The prone position is a non-invasive technique resulting from the mobilization of the patient, where the person is lying horizontally face down. This technique has been used since the 1970s, but it has gained great relevance in the last year owing to the COVID-19 pandemic with the use of invasive mechanical ventilation.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Deep Learning Approach for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for medical image analysis and diagnosis, demonstrating high performance on tasks such as cancer detection. As deep learning techniques continue to revolutionize the field of medical imaging, researchers have increasingly turned to large-scale databases to train and validate their algorithms. Many studies have been done to diagnose lung cancer using different datasets, both public and private. Each dataset has its own unique characteristics and challenges.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Computer-Assisted Tissue Image Analysis in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Computer-assisted tissue image analysis (CATIA) enables an optical biopsy of human tissue during minimally invasive surgery and endoscopy. Thus far, it has been implemented in gastrointestinal, endometrial, and dermatologic examinations that use computational analysis and image texture feature systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is one of the most prevalent disorders that affects the muscles and is characterized by pain, stiffness, and soreness in the muscles, tendons, and joints. Fibromyalgia is in a family of disorders termed the affective spectrum disorders (ASD). ASDs frequently co-occur in both individuals and families and share physiologic abnormalities along with genetic risk factors that may be central to their etiology. The most prevalent ASDs are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder [MDD], generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, social phobia, and medical disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], migraine, and cataplexy. FMS commonly manifests in young or middle-aged females as chronic widespread pain, stiffness, fatigue, disrupted unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive difficulties. FMS often coexists with a number of other unexplained symptoms, anxiety and/or depression, and functional impairment of daily living activities. Fibromyalgia typically causes broad pain that affects both sides of the body with numerous “tender points”. Despite having incapacitating physical pain, FMS is not accompanied by tissue inflammation, tissue damage, or deformity.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Reasoning and Clinical Decision-Making Systems
Due to COVID period many people have become recreational runners. Recreational running is a regular way to keep active and healthy at any age. Additionally, running is a popular physical exercise that offers numerous health advantages. However, recreational runners report a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries due to running. The proposed intelligent system uses data mining algorithms for the rehabilitation guidance of recreational runners with musculoskeletal discomfort. The system classifies recreational runners based on a questionnaire that has been built according to the severity, irritability, nature, stage, and stability model and advise them on the appropriate treatment plan/exercises to follow. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Update on Cyber Health Psychology
In recent years, there has been more and more talk of cyber health psychology and the implication that new technologies can have in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of psychopathological issues in the field of mental health, ranging from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to addiction to substances of abuse.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Limitations on Doodling in Measuring Burnout
Burnout is a negative, job-related psychological state exhibited through physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and loss of motivation. Pre-COVID-19, doodling was identified as a measure of burnout in researchers attending a weekly, in-person health narratives research group manifesting team mindfulness. Doodling was not retained as a possible measure of burnout during COVID-19 once the weekly health narratives research group moved online and aware attention to present perceptions—one aspect of team mindfulness—was no longer evident.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Door-to-Door Transportation Services
A central issue in modern cities is providing inclusive transportation services for people with reduced mobility. In particular, Barcelona is offering a public door-to-door pickup transportation service complementary to the adapted regular public transport.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 May 2022
Topic Review
Use of Digital Mental Health Platforms and Interventions
The increasing use of digital mental health (DMH) platforms and digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) is hindered by uncertainty over effectiveness, quality and usability. There is a need to identify the types of available evidence in this domain. There was a small amount of significant evidence (1 in each 11), notably the (cost-)effectiveness of a DMHI with significant long-term impact on anxiety and depression in adults. Empirical research has demonstrated the feasibility of DMH platforms and DMHIs. 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Employability Based on the swAge-Model
Sustainable employability commonly refers to the ability of employees to participate in work and the labour market during their lifetimes. The swAge-model, a tool that helps us understand how to make working life more sustainable and healthier for all ages, can be the basis of sustainable employability.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye disease and loss of ocular surface homeostasis. Increasingly, several observational clinical studies suggest that dyslipidemia (elevated blood cholesterol, triglyceride, or lipoprotein levels) can initiate the development of MGD. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Comprehensive Framework for Active Health Governance
Health policies are regarded as a governance mechanism crucial for reducing health inequity and improving overall health outcomes. However, the current literature in health policy largely focused on some specific health policy changes and their tangible outcomes, or on specific inequality of health policies in gender, age, racial, or socio-economic status, short of comprehensively responding to and addressing the shift from disease-centered to active-health-oriented. A comprehensive framework is proposed to identify the main elements of a well-defined active health governance and the interactions between these elements. The proposed framework is composed of four elements and three approaches that are dynamically interacted to achieve two active health outcomes. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Parent–Child Interactions in Deafness Children
Despite early identification and advancements in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, delays in language skills in deaf children continue to exist. Good-quality parent–child interaction (PCI) is a key predictor for the successful development of deaf children’s signed and/or spoken language. As good-quality PCI is widely acknowledged to be significant for child language development in deaf children, then we must have the necessary tools to assess it. This review answers three questions: Which parent behaviours are assessed in PCI? How are they assessed? And which parent interaction behaviours are positively correlated with deaf children's language skills?
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
An Easier Time Gaining Than Losing Weight
Three powerful innate physiological defenses interfere with the maintenance of weight loss, whether it is achieved from the obese or healthy weight level. The first one, called adaptive thermogenesis, consists of persistent reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR), the second one is increased hunger, and the third one is enhanced efficiency of energy storage. Adaptive thermogenesis was studied in individuals who lost substantial amounts of body weight and body fat in attempts to win “The biggest loser” televised competition.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Lung Nodule Segmentation
The accurate segmentation of lung nodules is challenging due to their small size, especially at the edge of the lung and near the blood vessels. Lung nodule segmentation is relatively broad and varies in terms of architecture, image pre-processing, and training strategy.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Cascade
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a heterogeneous population of tumor cells that have shed from a tumor into the lymphatics and vasculature, ultimately disseminating into blood circulation. Circulating tumor cells are a key player in cancer metastasis, a multi-step and complex process that involves (1) local invasion of primary tumor cells into adjacent tissue; (2) intravasation (trans-endothelial migration into nearby blood vessels); (3) circulation (transient travel and survival in the circulatory system as CTCs); (4) extravasation; (5) colonization. To successfully metastasize, CTCs must evade immune surveillance at every step once they leave the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, immune cells can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis, depending on the cell type and context.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2022
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