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Topic Review
Oncolytic Virotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a significant global health issue, and traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy often have limited success, especially in advanced cases. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) offers a new approach.
  • 269
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Diseases
The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for human health. The involvement of short-chain fatty acids in oral microbiome composition, oral health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention.  Locally, SCFAs are a part of normal oral microbiota metabolism, but the increased formation of SCFAs usually attribute to dysbiosis; excess SCFAs participate in the development of local oral diseases and in oral biota gut colonization and dysbiosis. On the other hand, a number of studies have established the positive impact of SCFAs on human health as a whole, including the reduction of chronic systemic inflammation, improvement of metabolic processes, and decrease of some types of cancer incidence. Thus, a complex and sophisticated approach with consideration of origin and localization for SCFA function assessment is demanded.
  • 267
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Potential Mechanisms for Localization of Osteonecrosis
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has emerged as a complication of anti-resorptive medications. Many factors have been explored as possible localizing factors, including dental trauma, especially surgical extraction, periodontitis, impaired gingival healing, changes in oral bacteria biofilm profile, and impaired innate immune response specific to the oral cavity.
  • 262
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) is a significant concern for clinicians due to the risk of malignant transformation. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer with a low survival rate, causing over 200,000 new cases globally each year. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the five-year survival rate for OSCC patients remains under 50%. Early diagnosis can greatly improve the chances of survival. Therefore, understanding the development and transformation of OSCC and developing new diagnostic methods is crucial. The field of oral medicine has been advanced by technological and molecular innovations, leading to the integration of new medical technologies into dental practice.
  • 253
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Scaffolds for Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration
Regenerative dentistry aims to regenerate the pulp–dentin complex and restore those of its functions that have become compromised by pulp injury and/or inflammation. Scaffold-based techniques are a regeneration strategy that replicate a biological environment by utilizing a suitable scaffold, which is considered crucial for the successful regeneration of dental pulp. 
  • 247
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Infraocclusion in the Primary and Permanent Dentition
The gradual movement of a tooth away from the occlusal plane is called infraocclusion or reinclusion. Reincluded teeth are most often deciduous molars, and permanent teeth are less frequently affected. Depending on the level of the infraocclusion, the severity of the disorder is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The etiology of the phenomenon is not fully known. Tooth submerging can lead to serious complications, such as abnormal position of adjacent teeth, displacement of the bud of the permanent successor, shortening of the dental arch, or developmental disturbances of alveolar process. 
  • 247
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Mandibular Flexion on Implant-Supported Full-Arch Rehabilitations
Mandibular flexion (MF) is a complex biomechanical phenomenon, which involves a deformation of the mandible, due mainly to the contraction of the masticatory muscles, and it can have numerous clinical effects. The deformation of the lower jaw caused by mandibular flexion is generally very small, and it is often overlooked and considered irrelevant from a clinical point of view by many authors; however, it should be important to remember that median mandibular flexure (MMF) has a multifactorial aetiology. 
  • 238
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Role of Arecoline in Oral Carcinogenesis
Arecoline is the primary active carcinogen found in areca nut and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). 
  • 230
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Customized Subperiosteal Implants forthe Rehabilitation of Atrophic Jaws
Customized subperiosteal implants (CSIs) are a promising treatment option for rehabilitating edentulous patients with atrophic jaws; they seem to have an excellent short-term survival rate, a low incidence of major complications, and less morbidity in comparison with complex bone grafting procedures. 
  • 227
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Hyaluronic Acid in Mitigating Perioral Region Aging
Aging can have a negative impact on the perioral region, affecting both appearance and self-esteem. Dentists offer various treatment options to address these changes, using surgical and non-surgical techniques. One such technique is facial filling with hyaluronic acid, a minimally invasive approach to improve the perioral region’s function and aesthetics and counteract aging effects. 
  • 223
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Toxicity of Dentifrices
The regular use of adequate toothpaste with safe active ingredients possessing anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regenerative properties is one of the most effective strategies for oral healthcare. In addition to water, a typical toothpaste consists of a variety of components, among which three are of predominant importance, i.e., abrasive substances, fluoride, and detergents. These ingredients provide healthy teeth, but their environmental impact on living organisms are often not well-known.
  • 212
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Digital Removable Dentures
Digital dentistry, an offspring of digital technology and robotics that emerged in the 1980s, has revolutionized various aspects of dental practice, including the creation of CDs. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques have been used for crafting CDs. The application of CAD/CAM methods in CD fabrication has attracted considerable attention, driving advancements in both design and production, promising quicker and higher-quality outcomes
  • 202
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Surface Electromyography in Dentistry
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a technique for measuring and analyzing the electrical signals of muscle activity using electrodes placed on the skin’s surface.
  • 198
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Oral Manifestations of Graft vs. Host Disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD may also develop following solid transplants or blood transfusions if white blood cells are transferred. GVHD affects multiple organs, including the oral tissues. 
  • 192
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 on Oral Health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission are generally known to be produced by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity (O.C.) of infected subjects, as stated by the World Health Organization. Saliva also retains the viral particles and aids in the spread of COVID-19. 
  • 189
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Grading Oral Dysplasia
Oral cancer is becoming more and more frequent worldwide. Despite the widely available prevention, it is one of the most common cancers in the world, with 476,125 new cases and 225,900 deaths in 2020. Among the causes of carcinogenesis in the oral cavity, tobacco smoking or chewing, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure, risky sexual behaviour, genetic factors, and environmental pollution are widely mentioned. Smoking is the most prominent risk factor for oral cancer due to the carcinogenic chemicals in cigarette smoke, including nitrosamines, benzopyrenes, and aromatic amines. The risk of oral cancer is three times higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. In addition, the combination of cigarette smoking and frequent heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing cancer by several times.
  • 189
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Postoperative Facial Swelling and Occlusion in Orthognathic Treatment
Orthognathic surgery (OS) is usually performed to improve functional and esthetic parameters by repositioning the maxilla, mandible and/or the symphysis, particularly among patients that have either passed the pubertal growth spurt or may be unsuitable for orthodontic camouflage. 
  • 184
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
HPV Behavior in Oral and Vaginal Cavity
Human genital papilloma virus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is estimated that more than 75% of sexually active women contract this infection in their lifetime. In 80% of young women, there is the clearance of the virus within 18–24 months.
  • 181
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Flawless Smile: Harmonizing Depigmentation and Frenectomy
People increasingly seek dental treatment to improve their smile's aesthetics. A common concern is a hyperpigmented gingiva and high frenum attachment. Gingival recession can result from high frenum attachment, either by interfering with the toothbrush's correct positioning or by causing a muscular pull through the opening of gingival crevice. We present a case of a young patient concerned with the presence of hyperpigmented gingiva. On intraoral examination high frenal attachment was also observed. After providing the patient all the available treatment options and their advantages and disadvantages respectively, patient decided to opt for conventional surgical scalpel method for depigmentation as well as frenectomy. Patient was recalled for periodontal dressing removal after 1 week and follow up was performed at 6 months.
  • 40
  • 11 Nov 2024
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