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Topic Review
North American River Otter
The North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) is a charismatic and highly adaptable semi-aquatic mammal native to freshwater habitats across North America. Recognizable for its sleek, streamlined body, webbed feet, and playful behavior, this otter species is well-suited to its aquatic lifestyle. As a top predator in freshwater ecosystems, the North American River Otter plays a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of aquatic food webs.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Exogenous Organic Matter Amendments
Exogenous organic matter (EOM) is defined as the whole of the OM that is introduced into the soil in order to improve its fertility, quality and the potential of the land for non-agricultural use. EOM includes a very wide range of biowastes from various sources.
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Organic Residues and Soils
The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Microbial Inhibition Test
Antimicrobial detection tests are conventional screening tools used in slaughterhouses to prevent the entry of antimicrobial residues into the food chain. The occasional appearance of antibiotic or bacteriostatic residues is a problem of major worldwide concern, as such residues can lead not only to toxicity for humans, but also to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In particular, antibacterial residues that contaminate meat can cause allergic reactions, can lead to dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora and can enhance dissemination of AMR, not only in the environment but also inside the gut, leading to antibacterially resistant communities in our intestinal flora.
  • 2.1K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Drought
Droughts are an environmental challenge that often cause significant losses of livelihoods the world over. For instance, rain-fed agriculture, livestock production, biodiversity, and several ecosystem services (ES) that are fundamental to human well-being are increasingly threatened by more severe droughts. 
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Apr 2024
Topic Review
Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption
High quality colostrum is a valuable raw material in food products. The quality of colostrum is classified by low bacterial counts and adequate immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations. Bacterial contamination can contain a variety of high counts of spoilage bacteria or pathogens. The supply of good quality bovine colostrum is required. The microbial safety of bovine colostrum is increased using an appropriate processing, e.g. heat treatment, which does not destroy the high nutritional value of colostrum. The heat treatment is cost-effective compared to other methods and heat treatment can be performed in both small- and large-scale production.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nanobiotechnology for Agriculture
Nanobiotechnology in agriculture is a driver for modern-day smart, efficient agricultural practices. Nanoparticles have been shown to stimulate plant growth and disease resistance. The goal of sustainable farming can be accomplished by developing and sustainably exploiting the fruits of nanobiotechnology to balance the advantages nanotechnology provides in tackling environmental challenges.
  • 2.1K
  • 14 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Golden Berry Fruit and Insulin
La baya dorada (Physalis peruviana L.) es una fruta de gran importancia comercial en algunos países africanos y latinoamericanos, donde se consume localmente y con frecuencia se exporta a los mercados del norte, principalmente Europa y Estados Unidos. Esta fruta tradicionalmente reporta características nutricionales, antioxidantes y fitoquímicas en múltiples países, variedades y estados de madurez. El fruto de Physalis peruviana L. contiene una amplia variedad de compuestos bioquímicos.Los witanólidos y sus derivados son los metabolitos más emblemáticos de la especie Physalis, y se ha demostrado que ejercen una amplia gama de actividades farmacológicas in vitro, como inmunomoduladores, inhibidores de la angiogénesis, anticolinesterasa, antioxidantes, antibacterianos y en algunos casos, sus extractos han mostrado citotoxicidad. hacia las células cancerosas. Esta familia de compuestos con columna vertebral esteroidal ha llamado la atención de los farmacólogos, ya que estas lactonas esteroides llamadas conhanólidos y sus derivados se concentran principalmente en las partes aéreas de las plantas, como las hojas. También se detectaron en la pulpa de la fruta, pero en concentraciones bajas y probablemente no estén biodisponibles como tales después de la ingestión oral.Pero la baya dorada es rica en carotenoides, sesquiterpenoides, fitoesteroles entre otros que pueden ser responsables del efecto en la salud observado.
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Soybean Tocopherols
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. The inclination of tocopherol concentrations with various MGs provided further evidence of the significance of MG in soybean breeding for seed tocopherol components. Furthermore, the correlation between the seed tocopherol components and geographical factors revealed that α-, γ-, and total tocopherols had significant positive correlations with latitude, while δ-tocopherol showed an opposite trend. The elite accessions with high and stable tocopherol concentrations determined could be used to develop functional foods, industrial materials, and breeding lines to improve tocopherol composition in soybean seeds.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Pollen Quality Versus Quantity
Do bees really benefit from the conservation attempts made by us? A study performed recently showed that wild bees do not use plant species sown in wildflower seed mixtures as pollen sources, and it concluded that plant species currently promoted by agri-environmental schemes are not optimal for bees. I have taken a closer look at the factors that determined whether pollen was healthy food for the wild bee larvae or not and the results have led me to propose that a major shift in the perspective of what we considered as bee-friendly plants was definitely warranted.
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees
Fruit trees provide essential nutrients to humans by contributing to major agricultural outputs and economic growth globally. However, major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity are the uncontrolled proliferation of the population, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Tree mutation breeding has been substantially improved using different physical and chemical mutagens.
  • 2.1K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
South American Sea Lion
The South American Sea Lion (Otaria flavescens) is a charismatic marine mammal found along the coasts of South America, from Peru to southern Brazil, including the Falkland Islands and Uruguay. Known for its large size, robust build, and distinctive "mane" of coarse hair around the neck of adult males, this species is a top predator in its marine ecosystem. With a diverse diet consisting of fish, squid, and crustaceans, the South American Sea Lion plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems along the South American coastline.
  • 2.1K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Aggression in Dogs
Aggression as a behavior is not always desirable, often ends in abandonment and/or euthanasia. However, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of unwanted aggression in domestic dogs. Aggression is not a fully understood phenomenon. To aim to generalize the dogs’ behavior and understand their behavioral needs, ethograms have been developed. Communication of any kind, including aggression, is a natural part of a dog’s ethogram. An ethogram is a species-specific list of natural behavior. Dog ethograms include affiliate, agonistic, defensive, sedative, sexual, demonstrative, warning, stressful, playful, grooming, exploratory, related to hunting, or related to the reduction of stress.
  • 2.0K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Colorado Potato Beetle Control
The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is one of the most important potato pest worldwide. It is native to U.S. but during the 20th century it has dispersed through Europe, Asia and western China. It continues to expand in an east and southeast direction. Damages are caused by larvae and adults. Their feeding on potato plant leaves can cause complete defoliation and lead to a large yield loss. After the long period of using only chemical control measures, the emergence of resistance increased and some new and different methods come to the fore. The main focus of this entry is on new approaches to the old CPB control problem. We describe the use of Bacillus thuringiensis and RNA interference (RNAi) as possible solutions for the future in CPB management. RNAi has proven successful in controlling many pests and shows great potential for CPB control. Better understanding of the mechanisms that affect efficiency will enable the development of this technology and boost potential of RNAi to become part of integrated plant protection in the future. We described also the possibility of using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a way to go deeper into our understanding of resistance and how it influences genotypes.
  • 2.0K
  • 20 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Sustainability in Brazil’s Beef Industry
Since the dawn of Brazilian trade, extensive cattle farming has predominated. Brazil’s extensive pasture-based system uses pasture plants adapted to climate and soil conditions with limited use of purchased inputs. Domestic and international stakeholders have prioritized sustainable agricultural development in Brazil’s beef sector to reduce deforestation and other natural-habitat conversions.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Agricultural Fertilization in Europe
Fertilizers stand at the base of current agricultural practices, providing the nutrient sustainment required for growing plants.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Effect of Anthocyanins on Colorimetric Indicator Film Properties
Anthocyanins have attracted widespread attention as a material for manufacturing smart food packaging, as they are sensitive to changes in pH, and small changes in pH can cause changes in the color of anthocyanins. The incorporation of anthocyanins often causes different changes in the properties of the films.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Brown Hyena
The Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) is a fascinating and elusive species found primarily in southern Africa's arid and semi-arid regions. Distinguished by its shaggy brown coat and robust build, this carnivore occupies a unique ecological niche as a scavenger and occasional hunter, feeding on a diverse range of prey items, carrion, and plant matter. Despite its solitary and nocturnal nature, the Brown Hyena plays a crucial role in ecosystem dynamics and is of cultural significance to local communities across its range.
  • 2.0K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
African Swine Fever Virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. ASFV is the only known arbovirus in the Nucleoplasmic Large DNA Virus (NCLDV) family. It has an icosahedral structure and envelope with a diameter of 200nm. The length of the genome varies between 170 and 190 kbp, encoding 151 to 167 open reading frames (ORF), which are closely spaced along two strands of viral DNA and separated by short intergenic regions.
  • 2.0K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Management of Herbaceous/Horticultural Crops
Preserving soil quality and increasing soil water availability is an important challenge to ensure food production for a growing global population. As demonstrated by several studies, conservative crop management, combined with soil cover and crop diversification, can significantly reduce soil and water losses. 
  • 2.0K
  • 07 May 2021
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