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Topic Review
15 Minute City
The 15-minute city is a residential urban concept in which all city residents are able to meet most of their needs within a short walk or bicycle ride from their homes. The concept was popularized by Mayor Anne Hidalgo of Paris, who was in turn inspired by French-Colombian scientist Carlos Moreno. It has been described as a "return to a local way of life. 15-minute cities are built from a series of 15-minute neighborhoods, also known as complete communities or walkable neighborhoods.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Global Navigation Satellite System, Datums and Mapping Accuracy
Current Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based geodetic techniques allow up to millimeter accuracy in positioning to be achieved globally, and high-precision mass-market positioning is becoming available to an accuracy of 5–10 cm.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
List of Intel Core I7 Microprocessors
The following is a list of Intel Core i7 brand microprocessors. Introduced in 2008, the Core i7 line of microprocessors are intended to be used by high-end users.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Roman Engineering
The ancient Romans were famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments, although some of their inventions were improvements on older ideas, concepts and inventions. Technology for bringing running water into cities was developed in the east, but transformed by the Romans into a technology inconceivable in Greece. The architecture used in Rome was strongly influenced by Greek and Etruscan sources. Roads were common at that time, but the Romans improved their design and perfected the construction to the extent that many of their roads are still in use today. Their accomplishments surpassed most other civilizations of their time, and after their time, and many of their structures have withstood the test of time to inspire others, especially during the Renaissance. Moreover, their contributions were described in some detail by authors such as Vitruvius, Frontinus and Pliny the Elder, so there is a printed record of their many inventions and achievements.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising green solvents, due to their versatility and properties such as high biodegradability, inexpensiveness, ease of preparation and negligible vapor pressure. They have been employed as green catalysts in biomass transformations and its upgrading into valuable chemicals. 
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Waste Tires
Waste or Scrap tires, also known as End-of-Life Tires (ELT), are used rubber tires that because of their abrasion state ("tire wear") are not safe for public traffic. Waste tires can go into tire recycling or will be dumped, either in legal landfills or illegally; another portion may be pyrolysed to produce tire-derived fuel or heat energy.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Biography
Richard Spikes
Richard Bowie Spikes (October 2, 1878 - January 22, 1963) was an African-American inventor. The holder of a number of United States patents, his inventions (or mechanical improvements on existing inventions) include a beer tap, automobile directional signals, the automatic gear shift device based on automatic transmission for automobiles and other motor vehicles and a safety braking system for t
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
VAX-11
The VAX-11 is a discontinued family of superminicomputers developed and manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). They were first announced in 1977, and were the first computers to implement the Virtual Address eXtension (VAX) instruction set architecture (ISA). The VAX-11 processors also supported the user mode PDP-11 instruction set for backwards compatibility (thus the -11 in VAX-11). They were discontinued in 1988, having been supplanted by the MicroVAX family on the low end, and the VAX 8000 family on the high end. It is historically one of the most successful and studied computers in history.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Automated Driving System
An automated driving system is a complex combination of various components that can be defined as systems where perception, decision making, and operation of the automobile are performed by electronics and machinery instead of a human driver, and as introduction of automation into road traffic. This includes handling of the vehicle, destination, as well as awareness of surroundings. While the automated system has control over the vehicle, it allows the human operator to leave all responsibilities to the system.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
AMD 700 Chipset Series
The AMD 700 chipset series (also called as AMD 7-Series Chipsets) is a set of chipsets designed by ATI for AMD Phenom processors to be sold under the AMD brand. Several members were launched in the end of 2007 and the first half of 2008, others launched throughout the rest of 2008.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Enhancing Smart Home Design with AI Models
The normal development of “smart buildings,” which calls for integrating sensors, rich data, and artificial intelligence (AI) simulation models, promises to usher in a new era of architectural concepts. AI simulation models can improve home functions and users’ comfort and significantly cut energy consumption through better control, increased reliability, and automation. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Tiva-C LaunchPad
The Tiva-C (a.k.a. TM4C) LaunchPads are inexpensive self-contained, single-board microcontrollers, about the size of a credit card, featuring an ARM Cortex-M4F 32-bit CPU operating at 80 to 120 MHz, manufactured by Texas Instruments. The TM4C Series TM4C123G LaunchPad is an upgrade from TI's Stellaris LaunchPad adding support options for motion control PWMs and USB Host functionality. The more recently released TM4C1294 Connected LaunchPad is the first cloud-connected offering in TI's LaunchPad ecosystem and provides a solid foundation for beginning and evaluating embedded IoT designs. There are many I/O pins (40 to 80 depending upon version) that have multi-personality. This means that they can be easily configured as digital inputs or outputs, analog inputs and outputs or other functions, allowing a great variety of applications, are just the multiple serial ports have the ability to interface with more items such as test cards or other communication modules, etc. Among those pins there are included the GND and POWER (3.3 V) pins. The clock is 80 or 120 MHz (vers based), which makes them 5 to over 7 times faster than the Arduino Uno's 16 MHz ATmega328P microcontroller. As with any Cortex M4, the CPU has some DSP (digital signal processor) instructions, with some limitations. One can do signal processing, for example, sampling a human voice with a good quality, able to be processed in MATLAB. The CPU contains the optional floating-point unit with single-precision floating point operations supported. They have an additional USB port which can act as USB host, allowing the connection of multiple devices and the "Connected" one has an integrated 10/100 Ethernet MAC+PHY for Internet connectivity. They also have a temperature sensor and on-board LED(s) and RGB LED(s), which allows you to generate various colors by combining the three basic colors (red, blue and green) of the additive color synthesis. The Tiva/TM4C LaunchPads come preloaded with software to demonstrate many of the capabilities of the ARM microcontroller and with a quickstart application to get up and running within minutes.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Sound Transmission Class
Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. In the US, it is widely used to rate interior partitions, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and exterior wall configurations. Outside the US, the Sound Reduction Index (SRI) ISO index is used. The STC rating very roughly reflects the decibel reduction of noise that a partition can provide. The STC is useful for evaluating annoyance due to speech sounds, but not music or machinery noise as these sources contain more low frequency energy than speech. There are many ways to improve the sound transmission class of a partition, though the two most basic principles are adding mass and increasing the overall thickness. In general, the sound transmission class of a double leaf wall (e.g. two 4"-thick brick walls separated by a 2" airspace) is greater than a single wall of equivalent mass (e.g. homogeneous 8" brick wall).
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball-Burnishing Process
Burnishing processes are effective methods to increase the durability and surface texture of industrial parts, through plastic deformation of its micropeaks. Traditional burnishing can be strongly improved with the assistance of external energy sources. One of these sources is vibration assistance, which can be delivered into the systems through different means. In overall, vibration-assistance ball burnishing consists on overlapping to the static burnishing preload an oscillatory force that favours the acoustoplastic effect in the material, that is, an increase in dislocation mobility that facilitates plastic deformation, while eventually delivering residual hardening on the target surface.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Uterus
An artificial uterus (or artificial womb) is a hypothetical device that would allow for external pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, would have many applications. It could be used to assist male or female couples in the development of a fetus. This can potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy. In this sense, it can be regarded as a neonatal incubator with very extended functions. It could also be used the for initiation of fetal development. An artificial uterus could also help make fetal surgery procedures at an early stage an option instead of having to postpone them until term of pregnancy. In 2016 scientists published two studies regarding human embryos developing for thirteen days within an ecto-uterine environment. Currently, a 14-day rule prevents human embryos from being kept in artificial wombs longer than 14 days. This rule has been codified into law in twelve countries. In 2017 fetal researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a study showing they had grown premature lamb fetuses for four weeks in an extra-uterine life support system.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Biography
John Hick
John Hick JP DL MP FRSA (2 July 1815 – 2 February 1894) was a wealthy[1] English industrialist, art collector and Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1880.[2][3] He is associated with the improvement of steam-engines for cotton mills and the work of his firm Hick, Hargreaves and Co. universal in countries where fibre was spun or fabrics woven.[4] Hick
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Autoclave (Industrial)
Industrial autoclaves are pressure vessels used to process parts and materials which require exposure to elevated pressure and temperature. The manufacture of high-performance components from advanced composites often requires autoclave processing.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Shubnikov–De Haas Effect
An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–De Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. It is often used to determine the effective mass of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes), allowing investigators to distinguish among majority and minority carrier populations. The effect is named after Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Shubnikov.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Electronic Textiles
Electronic textiles belong to the broader range of smart (or “intelligent”) textiles. Their “smartness” is enabled by embedded or added electronics and allows the sensing of defined parameters of their environment as well as actuating according to these sensor data. For this purpose, different sensors (e.g., temperature, strain, light sensors) and actuators (e.g., LEDs or mechanical actuators) are embedded and connected with a power supply, a data processor, and internal/external communication. 
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
International Council of Societies of Industrial Design
The International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (Icsid) was founded in 1957 from a group of international organizations focused on industrial design. Today Icsid is a worldwide society that promotes better design around the world, and has since been renamed the World Design Organization in January 2017. Today, WDO includes over 140 member organizations in more than 40 nations, representing an estimated 150,000 designers. The primary aim of the association is to advance the discipline of industrial design at an international level. To do this, WDO undertakes a number of initiatives of global appeal to support the effectiveness of industrial design in an attempt to address the needs and aspirations of people around the world, to improve the quality of life, as well as help to improve the economy of nations throughout the world. WDO holds United Nations Special Consultative Status which empowers them to make change, and works towards addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2022
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