Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Classification of Biostimulants
Biostimulants provide beneficial properties to plants by increasing plant metabolism, which promotes crop yield and improves the quality of crops; protecting plants against environmental stresses such as water shortage, soil salinization, and exposure to sub-optimal growth temperatures; and promoting plant growth via higher nutrient uptake. Biostimulants are classified as microbial, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), non-pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, or non-microbial, such as seaweed extract, phosphite, humic acid, other inorganic salts, chitin and chitosan derivatives, protein hydrolysates and free amino acids, and complex organic materials.
  • 2.1K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Modern Seed Technology
There are three major types of seed treating/coating equipment: dry powder applicator, rotary pan, and pelleting pan with the provisions to apply dry powders, liquids, or a combination of both. Additional terms for coatings produced from these types of equipment include dry coating, seed dressing, film coating, encrustments, and seed pelleting. The seed weight increases for these different coating methods ranges from <0.05% to >5000% (>100,000-fold range). 
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Croaker Fishery Exploited from the Bay of Bengal
Croakers, locally called Jewfish or Poa mash, are among the largest groups of commercially important fishes exploited from Bangladesh’s Bay of Bengal (BoB) water. Croakers are under the Perciformes order and belong to the family Sciaenidae.
  • 2.1K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Buckwheat and Amaranth
Buckwheat and amaranth are two pseudocereals that have multiple uses, including for obtaining of malt and beer, that are grown in different parts of the world.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Developing Yoghurt as Functional Food
Edible coatings and films appear to be a very promising strategy for delivering bioactive compounds and probiotics in food systems when direct incorporation/inoculation is not an option. The production of dairy products has undergone radical modifications thanks to nanotechnology. Despite being a relatively new occurrence in the dairy sector, nanotechnology has quickly become a popular means of increasing the bioavailability and favorable health effects of a variety of bioactive components. 
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Pampas Fox
The Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) is a small carnivorous mammal native to the grasslands and savannas of South America, particularly the Pampas region. Recognized for its sleek appearance and bushy tail, the Pampas Fox is well-adapted to its open habitat, where it preys on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. Despite facing threats from habitat loss and human persecution, the Pampas Fox plays a crucial role in its ecosystem as a predator and scavenger, contributing to the regulation of prey populations and nutrient cycling.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ustilago Maydis
Ustilago maydis is a smut fungus that infects all aerial maize organs, namely, seedling leaves, tassels, and ears.
  • 2.1K
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Pratylenchus
Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are migratory endoparasites belonging to the family Pratylenchidae (Nematoda, Tylenchina), with around 100 species recognized today.
  • 2.1K
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Sloth Bear
The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a medium-sized bear species native to the Indian subcontinent. Recognized for its shaggy, coarse fur and distinctively long, curved claws, this primarily insectivorous mammal inhabits a variety of habitats, ranging from dry grasslands to dense forests. The Sloth Bear is characterized by its unique feeding behavior, often observed foraging for termites and ants with its specialized lips and powerful claws, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance through its impact on insect populations.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Exogenous Organic Matter Amendments
Exogenous organic matter (EOM) is defined as the whole of the OM that is introduced into the soil in order to improve its fertility, quality and the potential of the land for non-agricultural use. EOM includes a very wide range of biowastes from various sources.
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Otter Civet
The Otter Civet, scientifically known as Cynogale bennettii, is a unique and elusive mammal belonging to the Viverridae family. Endemic to Southeast Asia, particularly in regions such as Borneo and Sumatra, the Otter Civet is characterized by its sleek, otter-like appearance and semi-aquatic lifestyle. Despite its intriguing features, this species remains relatively understudied, adding to its enigmatic nature and highlighting the importance of continued research and conservation efforts.
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon; it is the most serious soil-borne pathogen around the globe. 
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Golden Berry Fruit and Insulin
La baya dorada (Physalis peruviana L.) es una fruta de gran importancia comercial en algunos países africanos y latinoamericanos, donde se consume localmente y con frecuencia se exporta a los mercados del norte, principalmente Europa y Estados Unidos. Esta fruta tradicionalmente reporta características nutricionales, antioxidantes y fitoquímicas en múltiples países, variedades y estados de madurez. El fruto de Physalis peruviana L. contiene una amplia variedad de compuestos bioquímicos.Los witanólidos y sus derivados son los metabolitos más emblemáticos de la especie Physalis, y se ha demostrado que ejercen una amplia gama de actividades farmacológicas in vitro, como inmunomoduladores, inhibidores de la angiogénesis, anticolinesterasa, antioxidantes, antibacterianos y en algunos casos, sus extractos han mostrado citotoxicidad. hacia las células cancerosas. Esta familia de compuestos con columna vertebral esteroidal ha llamado la atención de los farmacólogos, ya que estas lactonas esteroides llamadas conhanólidos y sus derivados se concentran principalmente en las partes aéreas de las plantas, como las hojas. También se detectaron en la pulpa de la fruta, pero en concentraciones bajas y probablemente no estén biodisponibles como tales después de la ingestión oral.Pero la baya dorada es rica en carotenoides, sesquiterpenoides, fitoesteroles entre otros que pueden ser responsables del efecto en la salud observado.
  • 2.1K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Prunus
Prunus species, as climacteric fruits, have a short ripening period and shelf-life after harvest, with a fast period of softening.
  • 2.1K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Sperm Sex-Sorting
The utilization of sex-sorted sperm for artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization is considered a valuable tool for improving production efficiency and optimizing reproductive management in farm animals, subsequently ensuring sufficient food resource for the growing human population. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Implementing Sustainable Irrigation
      The sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatening due to adverse climate change, given future projections that every one in four people on Earth might be suffering from extreme water scarcity by the year 2025. Pressurized irrigation systems and appropriate irrigation schedules can increase water productivity (i.e., product yield per unit volume of water consumed by the crop) and reduce the evaporative or system loss of water as opposed to traditional surface irrigation methods. However, in water-scarce countries, irrigation management frequently becomes a complex task. Deficit irrigation and the use of non-conventional water resources (e.g., wastewater, brackish groundwater) has been adopted in many cases as part of a climate change mitigation measures to tackle the water poverty issue. Protected cultivation systems such as greenhouses or screenhouses equipped with artificial intelligence systems present another sustainable option for improving water productivity and may help to alleviate water scarcity in these countries. This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature, which deals with sustainable irrigation for open-field and protected cultivation systems under the impact of climatic change in vulnerable areas, including the Mediterranean region.
  • 2.0K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Plant Heat Shock Proteins
Plant heat shock proteins (HSPs), as chaperones, play a pivotal role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, HSP also enhances membrane stability and detoxifies the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by positively regulating the antioxidant enzymes system. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Pollen Quality Versus Quantity
Do bees really benefit from the conservation attempts made by us? A study performed recently showed that wild bees do not use plant species sown in wildflower seed mixtures as pollen sources, and it concluded that plant species currently promoted by agri-environmental schemes are not optimal for bees. I have taken a closer look at the factors that determined whether pollen was healthy food for the wild bee larvae or not and the results have led me to propose that a major shift in the perspective of what we considered as bee-friendly plants was definitely warranted.
  • 2.0K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Organic Residues and Soils
The management of large volumes of organic residues generated in different livestock, urban, agricultural and industrial activities is a topic of environmental and social interest. The high organic matter content of these residues means that their application as soil organic amendments in agriculture is considered one of the more sustainable options, as it could solve the problem of the accumulation of uncontrolled wastes while improving soil quality and avoiding its irreversible degradation. However, the behavior of pesticides applied to increase crop yields could be modified in the presence of these amendments in the soil.
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Salicylic Acid in Root Growth and Development
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis.
  • 2.0K
  • 10 Mar 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 70
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback

Quick Survey

Encyclopedia MDPI is conducting a targeted survey to identify the specific barriers hindering efficient research. We invite you to spend 3 minutes defining the priorities for our next generation of structured knowledge tools.
Take Survey