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Topic Review
Horizontal Gene Transfer and Endophytes
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), an important evolutionary mechanism observed in prokaryotes, is the transmission of genetic material across phylogenetically distant species. The availability of complete genomes has facilitated the comprehensive analysis of HGT and highlighted its emerging role in the adaptation and evolution of eukaryotes. Endophytes represent an ecologically favored association, which highlights its beneficial attributes to the environment, in agriculture and in healthcare. The HGT phenomenon in endophytes, which features an important biological mechanism for their evolutionary adaptation within the host plant and simultaneously confers “novel traits” to the associated microbes, is not yet completely understood. With a focus on the emerging implications of HGT events in the evolution of biological species.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Plants Salt Stress
Soil salinization inhibits plant growth and seriously restricts food security and agricultural development. Excessive salt can cause ionic stress, osmotic stress, and ultimately oxidative stress in plants. Plants exclude excess salt from their cells to help maintain ionic homeostasis and stimulate phytohormone signaling pathways, thereby balancing growth and stress tolerance to enhance their survival.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Foam Concrete
Foam concrete is a promising material in building and construction applications, providing such outstanding properties as high specific strength, excellent thermal insulation, and effective acoustic absorption in human-inhabited buildings.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Honey and Its Ingredients in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration Treatment
Neurodegeneration of the brain after ischemia is a major cause of severe, long-term disability, dementia, and mortality, which is a global problem. These phenomena are attributed to excitotoxicity, changes in the blood–brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and ultimately neuronal death. In addition, genetic factors such as post-ischemic changes in genetic programming in the expression of amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin-1 and -2, and tau protein play an important role in the irreversible progression of post-ischemic neurodegeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the high contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in honey have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-amyloid, anti-tau protein, anticholinesterase, serotonergic, and AMPAK activities, influencing signal transmission and neuroprotective effects.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders
In Indonesia, smallholders have historically practiced agroforestry. Biodiversity remains crucial for climate resilience, health care, and food security in rural communities. Semi-commercial agroforestry is a midpoint for achieving multifunctional agriculture (biodiversity, soil and water conservation, food security, and income) in the climate change era. 
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Reasoning and Clinical Decision-Making Systems
Due to COVID period many people have become recreational runners. Recreational running is a regular way to keep active and healthy at any age. Additionally, running is a popular physical exercise that offers numerous health advantages. However, recreational runners report a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries due to running. The proposed intelligent system uses data mining algorithms for the rehabilitation guidance of recreational runners with musculoskeletal discomfort. The system classifies recreational runners based on a questionnaire that has been built according to the severity, irritability, nature, stage, and stability model and advise them on the appropriate treatment plan/exercises to follow. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Inflammatory Diseases
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2 are individually associated with oral inflammatory diseases, particularly periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and endodontic disease.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide in Sensors
Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is an important template for 1D nanomaterial synthesis. It is used as an etching template for nanopattern transfer in a variety of contexts, including nanostructured material synthesis, electrical sensors, optical sensors, photonic and electronic devices, photocatalysis, and hardness and anticorrosion improvement.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Management Competencies
Managers with higher Cultural Intelligence (CQ) are more effective in their leadership roles, the CQ of leaders contributes to a more positive perception of leadership performance in teams that are characterized by significant cultural diversity.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Woven Bag Manufacturers in Indonesia: An Industry Overview
Indonesia's woven bag manufacturing industry is a rapidly growing sector, producing durable and versatile bags primarily made from polypropylene and polyethylene.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Sep 2024
Topic Review
AKT1 Gene
AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Thymoquinone and Curcumin
D-galactose (D-gal) administration causes oxidative disorder and is widely utilized in aging animal models. Therefore, subcutaneously injected D-gal at 200 mg/kg BW dose to assess the potential preventive effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (Cur) against the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal. Other than the control, vehicle, and D-gal groups, the TQ and Cur treated groups were orally supplemented at 20 mg/kg BW of each alone or combined. TQ and Cur effectively suppressed the oxidative alterations induced by D-gal in brain and heart tissues. The TQ and Cur combination significantly decreased the elevated necrosis in the brain and heart by D-gal. It significantly reduced brain caspase 3, calbindin, and calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1), heart caspase 3, and BCL2. Expression of mRNA of the brain and heart TP53, p21, Bax, and CASP-3 were significantly downregulated in the TQ and Cur combination group along with upregulation of BCL2 in comparison with the D-gal group. Data suggested that the TQ and Cur combination is a promising approach in aging prevention. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Low-energy electron Damage to DNA
The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0-30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as single strand breaks (SSBs), crosslinks (CLs), base modifications, double strand breaks (DSBs) and other clustered lesions.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Edible Plant Sprouts
The consumption of plant sprouts as part of human day-to-day diets is gradually increasing, and their health benefit is attracting interest across multiple disciplines. The purpose of this review was to (a) critically evaluate the phytochemicals in selected sprouts (alfalfa, buckwheat, broccoli, and red cabbage), (b) describe the health benefits of sprouts, (c) assess the recent advances in sprout production, (d) rigorously evaluate their safety, and (e) suggest directions that merit special consideration for further novel research on sprouts. Young shoots are characterized by high levels of health-benefiting phytochemicals. Their utility as functional ingredients has been extensively described. Tremendous advances in the production and safety of sprouts have been made over the recent past and numerous reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing their nutritional and medicinal properties. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Transient Receptor Potential
The superfamily of ion channels named transient receptor potential (TRP) acts as sensors of oxidative compounds at the plasma membrane and can amplify several signaling. The TRP superfamily is a non-selective cation channel initially identified in the Drosophila fly species. These channels are presented in different cell types and tissues, such as epithelial, immune, and neuronal cells.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Dejavu
Dejavu is the feeling that you have already experienced something that is actually happening for the first time. Mental illusion is a false mental image produced by misinterpretation of things that actually exist. Hallucination is an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. Crypto amensia is an implicit memory phenomenon in which people mistakenly believe that a current thought or idea is a product of their own creation when, in fact, they have encountered it previously and then forgotten it. Glitch is a minor problem that causes a temporary setback. Reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul in another body. Dreams is a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring in a person's mind during sleep. Fragment is a small part broken off. Hyperdopaminergic is excess secretion of the Dopamine (Neurotransmitter).
  • 1.1K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Vaccination and Religion
Vaccination and religion have interrelations of varying kinds. Almost no religions object to vaccination, and some parents either fake religious adherence or invent fake religions to provide exemption.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Potential of Generation Z Tourists
The tourism industry has faced several challenges over the years, due to the evolution of technology and behavioral changes of the generations. The research focused on the new generation of tourists, Generation Z. Known as digital natives, the study aimed to identify their current travel behavior in the digital age and their perception of the future of travel in the context of recent technological developments, namely artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, thus highlighting specific elements that could disrupt the travel industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Buildings’ Sustainability after COVID-19
The concept of sustainability, or sustainable development, was introduced in 1987 through the UN Brundtland Report, in which it is defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The link between COVID-19 and sustainability is made up of a variety of psycho-sociological and perceptual aspects, such as the fact that the occupancy pattern of buildings is one of the determining factors in assessing the energy performance and sustainability of buildings.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Youth Entrepreneurship
Youth unemployment is one of Africa’s biggest challenges, but compulsory entrepreneurship training can turn the continent’s job-seekers into job creators, writes Abiodun Egbetokun.  First published on https://sciafmag.com/2020/02/26/three-lessons-from-nigeria-on-how-to-boost-youth-entrepreneurship/
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2020
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