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Topic Review
Adam4Adam
Adam4Adam is an online dating website designed for men to meet other men "for friendship, romance, or a hot hookup".
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Stinger
In medicine, a stinger, also called a burner or nerve pinch injury, is a neurological injury suffered by athletes, mostly in high-contact sports such as ice hockey, rugby, American football, and wrestling. The spine injury is characterized by a shooting or stinging pain that travels down one arm, followed by numbness and weakness in the parts of the arms, including the biceps, deltoid, and spinati muscles. Many athletes in contact sports have suffered stingers, but they are often unreported to medical professionals. Anyone who experiences significant trauma to his or her head or neck needs immediate medical evaluation for the possibility of a spinal injury. In fact, it's safest to assume that trauma victims have a spinal injury until proven otherwise because: (1) The time between injury and treatment can be critical in determining the extent of complications and the amount of recovery. (2) A serious spinal injury is not always immediately obvious. If it is not recognized, more severe injury may occur. (3) Numbness or paralysis may develop immediately or come on gradually as bleeding or swelling occurs in or around the spinal cord.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Epoetin Alfa
Epoetin alfa is a human erythropoietin produced in cell culture using recombinant DNA technology. Authorised by the European Medicines Agency on 28 August 2007, it stimulates erythropoiesis (increasing red blood cell levels) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy. Epoetin is manufactured and marketed by Amgen under the brand name Epogen. Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Janssen Biotech (formerly Ortho Biotech Products, LP), sells the same drug under the name Procrit, pursuant to a product license agreement. The average cost per patient in the U.S. was $8,447 in 2009. Darbepoetin alfa (rINN) /dɑːrbəˈpɔɪtɪn/ is a glycosylation analog of erythropoietin containing two additional N-linked carbohydrate chains, also manufactured and marketed by Amgen, with a brand name of Aranesp. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings and safety precautions for Procrit, Epogen and Aranesp are identical. For several years, epoetin alfa has accounted for the single greatest drug expenditure paid by the U.S. Medicare system; in 2010, the program paid $2 billion for the drug. Raising hemoglobin levels has been found in some studies to be associated with higher risks of thrombotic events, strokes and death. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Intergroup Dialogue
Intergroup dialogue is a "face to face facilitated conversation between members of two or more social identity groups that strives to create new levels of understanding, relating and action." This process promotes conversation around controversial issues, specifically, in order to generate new "collective visions" that uphold the dignity of all people. Intergroup dialogue is based in the philosophies of the democratic and popular education movements. It is most commonly used on college campuses, but may assume different namesakes in other settings.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brassicaceae-Derived Phytochemicals
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of intestinal disorders, of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation within the gut. They are gradually becoming critical because of the increasing incidence worldwide and improved diagnosis. Due to the important side effects observed during conventional therapy, natural bioactive components are now under intense investigation for the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses. The Brassicaceae family comprises vegetables widely consumed all over the world. A growing body of literature has reported that extracts from the Brassicaceae family and their purified constituents have anti-inflammatory properties, which has generated interest from both the scientific community and clinicians.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fermentation Strategy for Olive Pomace
In the Mediterranean region, where olive oil is mostly produced, high amounts of olive oil by-products are generated, which creates an ecological concern, due to their phytotoxic phenolic components (e.g., oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol). However, these compounds also represent a relevant source of antioxidants for health and well-being. The food and beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries can all greatly benefit from the treatment and proper exploitation of olive oil by-products for their health-promoting benefits in various fields. Additionally, recovery and treatment procedures can support effective waste management, which in turn can increase the sustainability of the olive oil sector and result in worthwhile economic advantages. Due to their high phenolic content, olive pomace could be viewed as a good matrix or primary supply of molecules with high added value. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 May 2023
Topic Review
Silicon Photonics Technology
Silicon (Si) photonics is a groundbreaking technology that merges the fields of Si microelectronics and photonics to enable the manipulation and transmission of light on a Si chip. It leverages the exceptional properties of Si, such as its high refractive index and compatibility with existing electronic manufacturing processes, to create compact and highly efficient optical devices. Silicon photonics has been an area of active research and development. Researchers have been working on enhancing the integration density and intricacy of silicon photonic circuits. This involves the development of advanced fabrication techniques and novel designs to enable more functionalities on a single chip, leading to higher performance and more efficient systems. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biojet Fuel Technologies
Biojet fuels have been gaining traction in the aviation industry as a more sustainable alternative to traditional jet fuel for over a decade now. According to a report by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), in 2022, the production capacity of SAFs including biojet fuels, surpassed 300 million litres (79.2 million gallons) globally.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pathophysiological Implications of Interstitial Cajal-like Cells in Uterus
The main function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) is to regulate gastrointestinal peristalsis by acting as a “pacemaker” cell by generating spontaneous slow electrical waves. In 2005, electron microscopy revealed a cell type similar to ICCs (ICC-like) outside the gastrointestinal tract, with contractile activity and c-Kit+ immunohistochemistry shared with ICCs. Among the locations where ICC-like cells have been observed, it is in the uterus where they have a significant functional and pathophysiological role. These cells are involved in obstetric phenomena of contractile action, such as ascending sperm transport, embryo implantation, pregnancy, delivery, and the expulsion of menstrual debris. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Nano-Additives on PLA/Nanocomposite Properties
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is considered the most promising biobased substitute for fossil-derived polymers due to its compostability, biocompatibility, renewability, and good thermomechanical properties. However, PLA suffers from several shortcomings, such as low heat distortion temperature, thermal resistance, and rate of crystallization, whereas some other specific properties, i.e., flame retardancy, anti-UV, antibacterial or barrier properties, antistatic to conductive electrical characteristics, etc., are required by different end-use sectors. The addition of different nanofillers represents an attractive way to develop and enhance the properties of neat PLA. Numerous nanofillers with different architectures and properties have been investigated, with satisfactory achievements, in the design of PLA nanocomposites.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Types of Senescent Cells in Cardiovascular Diseases
Senescent cell accumulation has been observed in age-associated diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Senescent cells lack proliferative capacity and secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors that may cause or worsen many cardiovascular diseases. Therapies targeting senescent cells, especially senolytic drugs that selectively induce senescent cell removal, have been shown to delay, prevent, alleviate, or treat multiple age-associated diseases in preclinical models. 
  • 1.1K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Performance Measurement Indicators for Facilities Management
With the use of cyber-physical systems (CPS) advanced computational capabilities, the delivery of facilities management (FM) mandates are efficiently and effectively conducted. Since performance measurement is an important yardstick in ascertaining the outcome of FM approaches, this research assesses the performance measurement indicators that influence the uptake of CPS for FM functions. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from built environment professionals in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Data collected was analysed using a five-stage process which includes: data reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, establishing a difference in groups’ opinion, principal component analysis, and model testing and fit statistics for confirmatory factor analysis. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
Selenium Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition
Selenium still represents a matter of debate in the scientific community. Bionanotechnology has introduced a whole new perspective on selenium use in animal nutrition.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
ESG Disclosure Practices in Europe
The increased focus on environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) (ESG) disclosure has become a necessary step toward the integration of sustainability practices into firms’ culture to meet the expectations of stakeholders. Both board CSR orientation and strategy and the GRI have positively and significantly affected the overall disclosure of ESG practices within Europe.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicle-based Therapeutics
This is a entry of recent developments of bio-inspired drug delivery systems based on extracellular vesicles (EVs). The main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of EV-based formulations and various attempts to solve these problems are described. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
MYH9-Related Disorder
MYH9-related disorder is a condition that can have many signs and symptoms, including bleeding problems, hearing loss, kidney (renal) disease, and clouding of the lens of the eyes (cataracts).
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Cohen Syndrome
Cohen syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects many parts of the body and is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, small head size (microcephaly), and weak muscle tone (hypotonia). Other features common in this condition include worsening nearsightedness (myopia), breakdown (degeneration) of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retinal dystrophy), an unusually large range of joint movement (hypermobility), and distinctive facial features. These facial features typically include thick hair and eyebrows, long eyelashes, unusually-shaped eyes (down-slanting and wave-shaped), a bulbous nasal tip, a smooth or shortened area between the nose and the upper lip (philtrum), and prominent upper central teeth. The combination of the last two facial features results in an open mouth.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a disorder that results in the development of multiple abnormalities in the blood vessels.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy
HAIC involves two procedures as follows: as scheduled, chemotherapeutic regimens are administered through a reservoir port connected to a catheter, which is implanted under the skin, and a catheter is inserted each time without implantation of the reservoir port. As HAIC is expected to accumulate drug concentrations in the local liver and reduce systemic toxicity of anti-cancer drugs, it is considered to have a more favorable antitumor effect and less influence on other organs than systemic chemotherapy.  The clinical benefits of HAIC are as follows: (1) even a patient with Child–Pugh B HCC (7 or 8 points) is a candidate for HAIC (2) Child–Pugh scores barely decline with the use of HAIC compared with sorafenib (3) HAIC is highly effective in patients with vascular invasion compared with sorafenib; and (4) survival in patients receiving HAIC may not be associated with skeletal muscle volume. In contrast, the disadvantages are problems related with the reservoir system. HAIC has clinical benefits in a subpopulation of patients without extrahepatic metastasis with Child–Pugh A HCC and vascular invasion (especially primary branch invasion or main portal vein invasion) or with Child–Pugh B HCC.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Inflammatory Response in Cancer Cachexia
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial clinical complication in numerous human malignancies. Its incidence in Europe is highest in patients with lung (83/36% inpatients/outpatients, respectively) and gastrointestinal cancers (62/42%). There are currently no therapeutic agents used for treatment of this paraneoplastic syndrome, caused by impaired/reduced nutritional intake, or metabolic disorders with increased catabolism and chronic inflammation. In the mechanisms of CC pathogenesis, in addition to inflammation, the role of insulin resistance, damage to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, as well as the activation of lipolysis and proteolysis through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and macro-autophagy are emphasized. The main target in CC is skeletal and cardiac muscle, as well as the adipose tissue (AT).  The most important role in CRC-associated cachexia is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), originally known as cachectin, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and certain chemokines (e.g., IL-8). Heterogeneous CRC cells themselves also produce numerous cytokines (including chemokines), as well as novel factors called “cachexokines”. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and fibrosis. 
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Apr 2021
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